ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Acute lung injury (ALI) is the local inflammatory response of the lungs involved in a variety of inflammatory cells. Macrophages are immune cells and inflammatory cells widely distributed in the body. Acid-sensitive ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is involved in the occurrence of ALI, but the mechanism is still unclear. METHODS: Kunming mouse were stimulated by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to establish ALI model in vivo, and RAW264.7 cells were stimulated by LPS to establish inflammatory model in vitro. Amiloride was used as a blocker of ASIC1a to treat mice, and dexamethasone was used as a positive drug for ALI. After blockers and RNAi blocked or silenced the expression of ASIC1a, the expressions of ASIC1a, endoplasmic reticulum-related proteins GRP78, CHOP, C/EBPα and TNF-α were detected. The Ca2+ concentration was measured by a laser confocal microscope. The interaction between CHOP and C/EBPα and the effect of C/EBPα on the activity of TNF-α promoter were detected by immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter. RESULTS: The expressions of ASIC1a and TNF-α were increased significantly in LPS group. After the blocker and RNAi blocked or silenced ASIC1a, the expressions of TNF-α, GRP78, CHOP were reduced, and the intracellular Ca2+ influx was weakened. The results of immunoprecipitation showed that CHOP and C/EBPα interacted in the macrophages. After silencing CHOP, C/EBPα expression was increased, and TNF-α expression was decreased. The results of the luciferase reporter indicated that C/EBPα directly binds to TNF-α. CONCLUSION: ASIC1a regulates the expression of TNF-α in LPS-induced acute lung injury via ERS-CHOP-C/EBPα signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Acute Lung Injury , Ion Channels , Animals , Mice , Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced , Acute Lung Injury/metabolism , Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP , Ion Channels/antagonists & inhibitors , Ion Channels/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides , Signal Transduction , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the promoting effect of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and its mechanisms. METHODS: In this experiment, the ALI rat model was induced by intratracheal injection of LPS, and the ASIC1a specific blocker psalmotoxin-1 (PcTx-1) was injected into the tail vein before LPS administration once. Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR methods were used to detect ASIC1a and apoptosis-related proteins expressions in lung tissue and RLE-6TN rat type II alveolar epithelial cells. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy was used to detect Ca2+ fluorescence intensity in RLE-6TN cells. RESULTS: PcTx-1 pretreatment not only inhibited the pathological changes of LPS-induced ALI in lung tissue, but also inhibited lung dysfunction. PcTx-1 also reduced the increased levels of the apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X (Bax) and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (Cleaved caspase-3) and increased the decreased level of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the lung tissue of the model group. LPS-induced changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium influx in alveolar epithelial cells were also reversed by PcTx-1. CONCLUSION: ASIC1a induces an apoptotic response in ALI through mitochondrial apoptosis.
Subject(s)
Acid Sensing Ion Channels , Acute Lung Injury , Animals , Rats , Acid Sensing Ion Channels/genetics , Acid Sensing Ion Channels/metabolism , Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced , Aspartic Acid , bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Caspase 3/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Lung/metabolism , Myeloblastin/metabolismABSTRACT
As a reversible scar repair reaction, liver fibrosis can be blocked or even reversed by proper intervention during its formation. Our work suggests that acid-sensitive ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) participates in liver fibrosis and presents a novel mechanism involving m6 A modification and miR-350/SPRY2. We demonstrated that the expression of ASIC1a was significantly increased in liver tissue of patients with liver fibrosis and animal models of liver fibrosis, as well as PDGF-BB-induced activated HSC-T6. After downregulating the expression of ASIC1a, the degree of liver fibrosis is reduced and HSC activation was inhibited, the level of m6 A modification and miR-350 expression were also reduced. The results of dual luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-350 can bind to the target gene SPRY2 and inhibit its expression. We also found that METTL3 can regulate the extent of m6 A modification of pri-miR-350 by binding to DGCR8. In addition, silencing or blocking the expression of ASIC1a can reduce the expression of PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathway-related proteins in activated HSCs. Taken together, we demonstrated that ASIC1a regulates the processing of miR-350 through METTL3-dependent m6 A modification, and mature miR-350 targets SPRY2 and further promotes liver fibrosis through the PI3K/KT and ERK pathways.
Subject(s)
Acid Sensing Ion Channels/metabolism , Adenosine/analogs & derivatives , Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism , Membrane Proteins/genetics , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Acid Sensing Ion Channels/genetics , Adenosine/metabolism , Animals , Cell Line , Cells, Cultured , Humans , Liver/metabolism , Liver Cirrhosis/genetics , MAP Kinase Signaling System , Male , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Methyltransferases/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , MicroRNAs/genetics , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) allows Na+ and Ca2+ flow into cells. It is expressed during inflammation, in tumour and ischaemic tissue, in the central nervous system and non-neuronal injury environments. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins that interferes with intracellular calcium homoeostasis. Our recent reports showed ASIC1a and ERS are involved in liver fibrosis progression, particularly in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. In this study, we investigated the roles of ASIC1a and ERS in activated HSC. We found that ASIC1a and ERS-related proteins were up-regulated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced fibrotic mouse liver tissues, and in patient liver tissues with hepatocellular carcinoma with severe liver fibrosis. The results show silencing ASIC1a reduced the expression of ERS-related biomarkers GRP78, Caspase12 and IREI-XBP1. And, ERS inhibition by 4-PBA down-regulated the high expression of ASIC1a induced by PDGF, suggesting an interactive relationship. In PDGF-induced HSCs, ASIC1a was activated and migrated to the cell membrane, leading to extracellular calcium influx and ERS, which was mediated by PI3K/AKT pathway. Our work shows PDGF-activated ASIC1a via the PI3K/AKT pathway, induced ERS and promoted liver fibrosis progression.