Large-volume fully automated cell reconstruction generates a cell atlas of plant tissues.

The geometric shape and arrangement of individual cells play a role in shaping organ functions. However, analyzing multicellular features and exploring their connectomes in centimeter-scale plant organs remain challenging. Here, we established a set of frameworks named Large-Volume Fully Automated Cell Reconstruction (LVACR), enabling the exploration of three-dimensional (3D) cytological features and cellular connectivity in plant tissues. Through benchmark testing, our framework demonstrated superior efficiency in cell segmentation and aggregation, successfully addressing the inherent challenges posed by light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) imaging. Using LVACR, we successfully established a cell atlas of different plant tissues. Cellular morphology analysis revealed differences of cell clusters and shapes in between different poplar (P. simonii Carr. and P. canadensis Moench.) seeds, whereas topological analysis revealed that they maintained conserved cellular connectivity. Furthermore, LVACR spatiotemporally demonstrated an initial burst of cell proliferation, accompanied by morphological transformations at an early stage in developing the shoot apical meristem. During subsequent development, cell differentiation produced anisotropic features, thereby resulting in various cell shapes. Overall, our findings provided valuable insights into the precise spatial arrangement and cellular behavior of multicellular organisms, thus enhancing our understanding of the complex processes underlying plant growth and differentiation.

Lattice expansion in ruthenium nanozymes improves catalytic activity and electro-responsiveness for boosting cancer therapy.

Nanozymes have been attracting widespread interest for the past decade, especially in the field of cancer therapy, due to their intrinsic catalytic activities, strong stability, and ease of synthesis. However, enhancing their catalytic activity in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a major challenge. Herein, we manipulate catalytic activities of Ru nanozymes via modulating lattice spacing in Ru nanocrystals supported on nitrogen-doped carbon support, to achieve improvement in multiple enzyme-like activities that can form cascade catalytic reactions to boost cancer cell killing. In addition, the lattice expansion in Ru nanocrystals improve the responsiveness of the nanozymes to self-powered electric field, achieving maximized cancer therapeutic outcome. Under the electrical stimulation provided by a human self-propelled triboelectric device, the Ru-based nanozyme (Ru1000) with a lattice expansion of 5.99% realizes optimal catalytic performance and cancer therapeutic outcome of breast cancer in female tumor-bearing mice. Through theoretical calculations, we uncover that the lattice expansion and electrical stimulation promote the catalytic reaction, simultaneously, by reducing the electron density and shifting the d-band center of Ru active sites. This work provides opportunities for improving the development of nanozymes.

Optimal performance objectives in the highly conserved bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway.

Throughout development, complex networks of cell signaling pathways drive cellular decision-making across different tissues and contexts. The transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) pathways, including the BMP/Smad pathway, play crucial roles in determining cellular responses. However, as the Smad pathway is used reiteratively throughout the life cycle of all animals, its systems-level behavior varies from one context to another, despite the pathway connectivity remaining nearly constant. For instance, some cellular systems require a rapid response, while others require high noise filtering. In this paper, we examine how the BMP-Smad pathway balances trade-offs among three such systems-level behaviors, or "Performance Objectives (POs)": response speed, noise amplification, and the sensitivity of pathway output to receptor input. Using a Smad pathway model fit to human cell data, we show that varying non-conserved parameters (NCPs) such as protein concentrations, the Smad pathway can be tuned to emphasize any of the three POs and that the concentration of nuclear phosphatase has the greatest effect on tuning the POs. However, due to competition among the POs, the pathway cannot simultaneously optimize all three, but at best must balance trade-offs among the POs. We applied the multi-objective optimization concept of the Pareto Front, a widely used concept in economics to identify optimal trade-offs among various requirements. We show that the BMP pathway efficiently balances competing POs across species and is largely Pareto optimal. Our findings reveal that varying the concentration of NCPs allows the Smad signaling pathway to generate a diverse range of POs. This insight identifies how signaling pathways can be optimally tuned for each context.

Diagnostic value of an interpretable machine learning model based on clinical ultrasound features for follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) present diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical and ultrasound features. Improving the diagnosis of FTC can enhance patient prognosis and effectiveness in clinical management. This study seeks to develop a predictive model for FTC based on ultrasound features using machine learning (ML) algorithms and assess its diagnostic effectiveness. Methods: Patients diagnosed with FTA or FTC based on surgical pathology between January 2009 and February 2023 at Zhejiang Provincial Cancer Hospital and Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively included. A total of 562 patients from Zhejiang Provincial Cancer Hospital comprised the training set, and 218 patients from Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital constituted the validation set. Subsequently, clinical parameters and ultrasound characteristics of the patients were collected. The diagnostic parameters were analyzed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate logistic regression screening methods. Next, a comparative analysis was performed using seven ML models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value (PPV), negative predicted value (NPV), precision, recall, and comprehensive evaluation index (F-score) were calculated to compare the diagnostic efficacy among the seven models and determine the optimal model. Further, the optimal model was validated, and the SHapley Additive ExPlanations (SHAP) approach was applied to explain the significance of the model variables. Finally, an individualized risk assessment was conducted. Results: Age, echogenicity, thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), echotexture, composition, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroglobulin (TG), margin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), calcification, and halo thickness >2 mm were influential factors for diagnosing FTC. The XGBoost model was identified as the optimal model after a comprehensive evaluation. The AUC of this model in the validation set was 0.969 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.946-0.992], while its precision sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 0.791, 0.930, 0.913 and 0.917, respectively. Conclusions: XGBoost model based on ultrasound features was constructed and interpreted using the SHAP method, providing evidence for the diagnosis of FTC and guidance for the personalized treatment of patients.

Fe-N co-doped carbon nanofibers with Fe3C decoration for water activation induced oxygen reduction reaction.

Proton activity at the electrified interface is central to the kinetics of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, we construct an efficient Fe3C water activation site in Fe-N co-doped carbon nanofibers (Fe3C-Fe1/CNT) using an electrospinning-pyrolysis-etching strategy to improve interfacial hydrogen bonding interactions with oxygen intermediates during ORR. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory studies identified delocalized electrons as key to water activation kinetics. Specifically, the strong electronic perturbation of the Fe-N4 sites by Fe3C disrupts the symmetric electron density distribution, allowing more free electrons to activate the dissociation of interfacial water, thereby promoting hydrogen bond formation. This process ultimately controls the PCET kinetics for enhanced ORR. The Fe3C-Fe1/CNT catalyst demonstrates a half-wave potential of 0.83 V in acidic media and 0.91 V in alkaline media, along with strong performance in H2-O2 fuel cells and Al-air batteries.

Information needs preferences of Chinese colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A discrete choice experiment.

Objective: The study aims to investigate the information needs and preferences of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients undergoing chemotherapy using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to optimize and improve the information support strategy for these patients. Methods: Between May and July 2023, 165 patients with CRC who were receiving chemotherapy at a single hospital in China completed the questionnaire. The survey instruments included a general information questionnaire, a DCE questionnaire, and the Brief Health Literacy Screening Scale. A conditional logit model was used with Stata 16.0 software to analyze patients' preferences. Results: A total of 159 valid questionnaires were collected, and the questionnaire response rate was 96.4%. All 7 included attributes had an impact on patients' information needs preference (P < 0.05). Among them, information providers, knowledge content, and social support had high relative importance, which were 12.16%, 7.57% and 2.25%, respectively. Patients showed a preference for attending doctors (ß = 1.9439, P < 0.05) and primary nurses (ß = 1.7985, P < 0.05). Providing knowledge related to disease basis, treatment, and health promotion also had a significant impact (ß = 1.6224, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Healthcare professionals should be the primary information source for patients and improve the accessibility of information by establishing professional information platforms or identifying reliable channels. It is recommended to provide continuous information on treatment and health promotion to CRC patients at various stages of chemotherapy. Attention should be paid to identifying and providing measures to alleviate the economic and psychological burden and to meet the social support needs of patients.

Microwave freeze-drying characteristics and crosslinking behavior of wheat starch-laurel acid complex.

This article investigates the effect of different microwave powers on the crosslinking behavior and microwave freeze-drying characteristics of wheat starch-lauroyl arginate complex during the microwave freeze-drying process. During microwave freeze-drying, as microwave power increased from 0.1 W/g to 0.9 W/g, the freeze-drying time of WS-LA was reduced by 50 %, while the uniformity of freeze-drying was not affected by its composition. In the research results obtained from DSC, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), XRD, and SEM analyses, with the microwave power increased from 0.1 W/g to 0.9 W/g, the enthalpy value of the melting peak of the WS-LA (wheat starch-lauric acid) composite decreased from 1.15 J/g to 0.62 J/g. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) value increased from 25.6 to 30.79. The ratio of absorbance at 1022/995 cm-1 increased from 1.0111 to 1.0707. The recrystallization (RC) value decreased from 8.77 % to 0.07 %. Additionally, in the microstructure, the size of WS-LA composite particles decreased accordingly. The above findings indicated that the increase in microwave power during microwave freeze-drying had a negative impact on the formation of the WS-LA complex and the ordering of its structure in the sample.

Group effects of desert rodent communities on plant seed dispersal.

Desert rodent communities spread plant seeds through the group effect of "selection complementation" and "fate complementation," which promotes the recovery of plant populations and the reconstruction of plant communities in desert areas.

Impact of particle size separation on the stabilisation efficiency of heavy-metal-contaminated soil: a meta-analysis.

The separation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil by particle size is crucial for minimising the volume of contaminated soil because of the pronounced variability in the heavy-metal distribution among different soil particle sizes. However, relevant analyses on the effect of soil particle size sorting on stabilisation are limited. Therefore, we screened 2766 peer-reviewed papers published from January 2010 to April 2022 in the Web of Science database, of which 117 met the screening requirements, and conducted a meta-analysis to explore how soil particle size sorting and the interaction between sorting particle size and soil properties affect the stabilisation of heavy metals. The results showed that: (1) For fractionations ≤0.15 mm and from 0.15-2 mm, the materials demonstrating the highest average unit stabilisation efficiency were phosphate (45.0%/%) and organic matter (59.5%/%), respectively. (2) The smaller the size of soil particles, the greater the effect of the initial pH on stabilisation efficiency. (3) Similarly, for soil organic matter, smaller particle sizes (≤0.15 mm) combined with a lower initial content (≤1%) significantly increased the heavy metal stabilisation efficiency. (4) The impact of soil particle size fractionation on unit stabilisation efficiency was observed to be similar for typical heavy metals, specifically Cd and Pb. The relationship between particle size and unit stabilisation efficiency shows an inverted U shape. Particle size sorting can affect the distribution of heavy metals, but the type of stabilisation agent should also be considered in combination with the soil properties and heavy metal types.

Novel long-acting treatment for schizophrenia based on paliperidone dissolving and implantable microarray patches.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Several atypical antipsychotic medications, including paliperidone (PPD), has been developed and proven effective in treating it. To date, four PPD extended-release products have been launched commercially, providing up to six months of therapeutic effect with a single administration. However, the need for hospital injections by professional healthcare workers not only lead to poor patients' adherence, but also put additional pressure on the healthcare system. Therefore, three PPD microarray patch (PPD MAP) systems based on dissolving microneedle technology and implantable microneedle technology were developed in this work. The two dissolving microarray patch systems contained either PPD crude drug (PPD DMAP-CD) or PPD nanocrystal (PPD DMAP-NC) and the implantable MAP contained PPD crude drug (PPD IMAP). All three types of PPD MAPs showed excellent mechanical and insertion properties as they achieved over 256 µm insertion depth in skin model. In vitro release study showed that PPD released from IMAP in a much more sustained manner (up to 14 days) than PPD did from DMAPs (7 days), with only 20 % initial burst release from IMAP compared with 43-71 % from DMAPs. The MAP dissolution study showed that both DMAPs can be immediately dissolved within less than 3 min once inserted into the skin, indicating a faster action potential compared with IMAP. Ex vivo delivery study showed that 1.68 ±â€¯0.23 mg, 1.39 ±â€¯0.07 mg, and 1.18 ±â€¯0.12 mg were delivered from DMAP-CD, DMAP-NC and IMAP, respectively, demonstrating that over 50 % and up to 70 % of PPD in the MAPs can be delivered into the skin. The IMAP offers most sustained release of PPD whereas DMAP-NC exhibits fastest PPD release (11.19 % vs 20.01 % into Franz cell receiver compartment over 24 h). This work presents a promising alternative for the sustained delivery of antipsychotic drugs, allowing for patient self-administration and extended release concurrently. Patients may potentially use both DMAP and IMAP to achieve a sustained release of PPD while also avoid having an initial therapeutic lag.

DNA Methylation and Subgenome Dominance Reveal the Role of Lipid Metabolism in Jinhu Grouper Heterosis.

Heterosis of growth traits in economic fish has benefited the production of aquaculture for many years, yet its genetic and molecular basis has remained obscure. Nowadays, a new germplasm of hybrid Jinhu grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. tukula ♂), abbreviated as EFT, exhibiting paternal-biased growth heterosis, has provided an excellent model for investigating the potential regulatory mechanisms of heterosis. We integrated transcriptome and methylome to unravel the changes of gene expression, epigenetic modification, and subgenome dominance in EFT compared with maternal E. fuscoguttatus. Integration analyses showed that the heterotic hybrids showed lower genomic DNA methylation levels than the purebred parent, and the up-regulated genes were mostly DNA hypomethylation. Furthermore, allele-specific expression (ASE) detected paternal subgenome dominance-regulated paternal-biased heterosis, and paternal bias differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were wholly up-regulated in the muscle. Multi-omics results highlighted the role of lipid metabolism, particularly "Fatty acid synthesis", "EPA biosynthesis", and "Signaling lipids", in EFT heterosis formation. Coherently, our studies have proved that the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) of EFT was greater than that of maternal E. fuscoguttatus (8.46% vs. 7.46%). Finally, we constructed a potential regulatory network for control of the heterosis formation in EFT. Among them, fasn, pparg, dgat1, igf1, pomca, fgf8a, and fgfr4 were identified as key genes. Our results provide new and valuable clues for understanding paternal-biased growth heterosis in EFT, taking a significant step towards the molecular basis of heterosis.

Designing neighboring-site activation of single atom via tunnel ions for boosting acidic oxygen evolution.

Realizing an efficient turnover frequency in the acidic oxygen evolution reaction by modifying the reaction configuration is crucial in designing high-performance single-atom catalysts. Here, we report a "single atom-double site" concept, which involves an activatable inert manganese atom redox chemistry in a single-atom Ru-Mn dual-site platform with tunnel Ni ions as the trigger. In contrast to conventional single-atom catalysts, the proposed configuration allows direct intramolecular oxygen coupling driven by the Ni ions intercalation effect, bypassing the secondary deprotonation step instead of the kinetically sluggish adsorbate evolution mechanism. The strong bonding of Ni ions activates the inert manganese terminal groups and inhibits the cross-site disproportionation process inherent in the Mn scaffolding, which is crucial to ensure the dual-site platform. As a result, the single-atom Ru-Ni-Mn octahedral molecular sieves catalyst delivers a low overpotential, adequate mass activity and good stability.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of rat sperm using volume electron microscopy.

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction serves as a crucial instrument for the analysis of biological structures. In particular, a comprehensive and accurate 3D ultrastructural examination of rat sperm is vital for understanding and diagnosing male fertility issues and the underlying causes of infertility. In this study, we utilize the automated tape-collecting ultramicrotome scanning electron microscopy (ATUM-SEM) imaging technique, which is a highly effective method for 3D cellular ultrastructural analysis. Our findings reveal that during spermiogenesis, the volume of the nucleus significantly decreases, shrinking to just 10% of its original size. The acrosomal vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus converge and elongate along the spermatid nucleus. These vesicles then attach to the nucleus via a cap-like structure, thereby defining the head side of the spermatozoa. In the initial stages of spermiogenesis, the mitochondria in spermatids are distributed beneath the cell membrane. As the process progresses, these mitochondria gradually migrate to the sperm tail, where they form the mitochondrial sheath. This sheath plays a crucial role in providing the energy required for the movement of the sperm. In addition, we reconstruct the mRNA-stroring structure-chromatoid body in sperm cells, which are cloud-like or net-like structures in the cytoplasm. The precise and comprehensive nature of 3D ultrastructural examination allows for a deeper understanding of the morphological process of spermiogenesis, thereby contributing to our knowledge of male fertility and the causes of infertility. Our research has significantly advanced the understanding of the 3D ultrastructure of sperm more comprehensively than ever before.

Cellular vimentin interacts with VP70 protein of goose astrovirus genotype 2 and acts as a structural organizer to facilitate viral replication.

The fatal gouty disease caused by goose astrovirus genotype 2 (GAstV-2) still seriously endangers the goose industry in China, causing great economic losses. However, research on its infection mechanism has progressed relatively slowly. VP70 is the structural protein of GAstV-2 and is closely related to virus invasion and replication. To better understand the role of VP70 during GAstV-2 infection, we used immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify host proteins that interact with VP70. Here, we report that cellular vimentin (VIM) is a host binding partner of VP70. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that amino acid residues 399 to 413 of VP70 interacted with VIM. Using reverse genetics, we found that VP70 mutation disrupts the interaction of VP70 with VIM, which is essential for viral replication. Overexpression of VIM significantly promoted GAstV-2 replication, while knockdown of VIM significantly inhibited GAstV-2 replication. Laser confocal microscopy showed that VP70 protein expression induced the rearrangement of VIM, gradually aggregating from the original uniform grid to the side of the nucleus, and aggregated the originally dispersed GAstV-2 RNA in VIM. This rearrangement was associated with increased VIM phosphorylation caused by GAstV-2. Meanwhile, blocking VIM rearrangement with acrylamide substantially inhibited viral replication. These results indicate that VIM interacts with VP70 and positively regulates GAstV-2 replication, and VIM-VP70 interaction and an intact VIM network are needed for GAstV-2 replication. This study provides a theoretical basis and novel perspective for the further characterization of the pathogenic mechanism of GAstV-2-induced gouty disease in goslings.

Isolation, identification, and epidemiological characteristics of goose astrovirus causing acute gout in Guangdong province, China.

Goose astrovirus (GAstV) has been widespread in China since 2016, causing significant growth inhibition and gout symptoms in goslings and leading to substantial economic losses in the goose industry. To better understand the epidemiological characteristics of GAstV in Guangdong Province, 682 samples were collected from geese with suspected GAstV infection across different regions of Guangdong Province from January 2022 to January 2024. Virus isolation, identification, and genetic evolution analysis were performed. The results showed that all samples were GAstV positive, with 52.64% co-infected with GAstV-1 and GAstV-2, and 42.38% positive for GAstV-2 alone, indicating that GAstV-2 remains the most prevalent subtype. Additionally, three GAstV isolates were identified using molecular detection, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy on LMH cells or goose embryos. Compared with GDYJ2304 and other reported GAstV-2 strains, the ORF2 region of the GDYJ2210 isolates lacked 3 bases, and the replication ability of GDYJ2210 was significantly higher than that of GDYJ2304. Whole genome sequence alignment and genetic evolution analysis revealed that the GDFS2209 isolate was located in the GAstV-1 branch, with a sequence similarity of 89.70 to 99.00% to GAstV-1 reference strains. The GDYJ2210 and GDYJ2304 isolates were located in the GAstV-2 branch, showing a sequence similarity of 96.80 to 98.90% to GAstV-2 reference strains. These results demonstrated that the GAstV isolates were highly similar to each other despite being prevalent in 5 different regions of Guangdong Province. These findings enhance the understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of GAstV and may facilitate the development of effective preventive strategies.

Prospective study on the joint effect of persistent organic pollutants and glucose metabolism on chronic kidney disease: Modifying effects of lifestyle interventions.

There is no evidence on the associations between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Chinese rural population. We aimed to investigate the individual and mixed effects of 22 POPs on the prevalence and incidence of CKD, and the joint effects of POPs and abnormal glucose metabolism as well as the modification effects of healthy lifestyle on these associations. A total of 2775 subjects, including 925 subjects with normal plasma glucose (NPG) and 925 subjects with prediabetes (PDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), were enrolled from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Logistic regression and quantile g-computation were performed to assess the individual and mixed effects of POPs on the risk of CKD. Joint effects of POPs and abnormal glucose metabolism status, as well as the modification effects of lifestyle on CKD were assessed. After 3-year follow-up, an increment of ln-o,p'-DDT was related to an elevated risk of CKD prevalence. Positive associations of p,p'-DDE and ß-BHC with CKD incidence were observed (P < 0.05). In addition, participants with high levels of ∑POPs were associated elevated incidence risk of CKD (OR: 1.217, 95%CI: 1.008-1.469). One quartile increase in POPs mixture was associated with the increased incidence of CKD among T2DM patients (P < 0.05). Further, a higher risk of CKD was observed among PDM and T2DM patients with high levels of o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, ß-BHC, and ∑POPs than NPG subjects with low levels of pollutants. In addition, interactive effects of ∑POPs and lifestyle score on CKD incidence were found. Individual and mixed exposure to POPs increased the prevalence and incidence of CKD, and glucose metabolic status exacerbated the risk of CKD resulting from such exposures. Further, the modifying effects of lifestyle were observed, highlighting the importance of precision prevention for high-risk CKD population and healthy lifestyle intervention measures.

Azithromycin-resistant mph(A)-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in the United States.

OBJECTIVES: . The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducts active surveillance for typhoid fever cases caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi). Here we describe the characteristics of the first two cases of mph(A)-positive azithromycin-resistant Typhi identified through US surveillance. METHODS: . Isolates were submitted to public health laboratories, sequenced, and screened for antimicrobial resistance determinants and plasmids, as part of CDC PulseNet's routine genomic surveillance. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and long-read sequencing were also performed. Basic case information (age, sex, travel, outcome) was collected through routine questionnaires; additional epidemiological data was requested through follow-up patient interviews. RESULTS: . The patients are related and both reported travel to India (overlapping travel dates) before illness onset. Both Typhi genomes belong to the GenoTyphi lineage 4.3.1.1 and carry the azithromycin-resistance gene mph(A) on a PTU-FE (IncFIA/FIB/FII) plasmid. These strains differ genetically from mph(A)-positive Typhi genomes recently reported from Pakistan, suggesting independent emergence of azithromycin resistance in India. CONCLUSIONS: . Cases of typhoid fever caused by Typhi strains resistant to all available oral treatment options are cause for concern and support the need for vaccination of travelers to Typhi endemic regions. US genomic surveillance serves as an important global sentinel for detection of strains with known and emerging antimicrobial resistance profiles, including strains from areas where routine surveillance is not conducted.

Utilizing machine learning to tailor radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy for low-grade glioma patients.

BACKGROUND: There is ongoing uncertainty about the effectiveness of various adjuvant treatments for low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Machine learning (ML) models that predict individual treatment effects (ITE) and provide treatment recommendations could help tailor treatments to each patient's needs. OBJECTIVE: We sought to discern the individual suitability of radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in LGG patients using ML models. METHODS: Ten ML models, trained to infer ITE in 4,042 LGG patients, were assessed. We compared patients who followed treatment recommendations provided by the models with those who did not. To mitigate the risk of treatment selection bias, we employed inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW). RESULTS: The Balanced Survival Lasso-Network (BSL) model showed the most significant protective effect among all the models we tested (hazard ratio (HR): 0.52, 95% CI, 0.41-0.64; IPTW-adjusted HR: 0.58, 95% CI, 0.45-0.74; the difference in restricted mean survival time (DRMST): 9.11, 95% CI, 6.19-12.03; IPTW-adjusted DRMST: 9.17, 95% CI, 6.30-11.83). CRT presented a protective effect in the 'recommend for CRT' group (IPTW-adjusted HR: 0.60, 95% CI, 0.39-0.93) yet presented an adverse effect in the 'recommend for RT' group (IPTW-adjusted HR: 1.64, 95% CI, 1.19-2.25). Moreover, the models predict that younger patients and patients with overlapping lesions or tumors crossing the midline are better suited for CRT (HR: 0.62, 95% CI, 0.42-0.91; IPTW-adjusted HR: 0.59, 95% CI, 0.36-0.97). CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the potential of the BSL model in guiding the choice of adjuvant treatment for LGGs patients, potentially improving survival time. This study emphasizes the importance of ML in customizing patient care, understanding the nuances of treatment selection, and advancing personalized medicine.

Encapsulation of Sn Sub-nanoclusters in Multichannel Carbon Matrix for High-Performance Potassium-ion Batteries.

Sub-nanoclusters with ultra-small particle sizes are particularly significant to create advanced energy storage materials. Herein, Sn sub-nanoclusters encapsulated in nitrogen-doped multichannel carbon matrix (denoted as Sn-SCs@MCNF) are designed by a facile and controllable route as flexible anode for high-performance potassium ion batteries (PIBs). The uniformly dispersed Sn sub-nanoclusters in multichannel carbon matrix can be precisely identified, which ensure us to clarify the size influence on the electrochemical performance. The sub-nanoscale effect of Sn-SCs@MCNF restrains electrode pulverization and enhances the K+ diffusion kinetics, leading to the superior cycling stability and rate performance. As freestanding anode in PIBs, Sn-SCs@MCNF manifests superior K+ storage properties, such as exceptional cycling stability (331 mAh g-1 after 150 cycles at 100 mA g-1) and rate capability. Especially, the Sn-SCs@MCNF||KFe[Fe(CN)6] full cell demonstrates impressive reversible capacity of 167 mAh g-1 at 0.4 A g-1 even after 200 cycles. Theoretical calculations clarify that the ultrafine Sn sub-nanoclusters are beneficial for electron transfer and contribute to the lower energy barriers of the intermediates, thereby resulting in promising electrochemical performance. Comprehensive investigation for the intrinsic K+ storage process of Sn-SCs@MCNF is revealed by in situ analysis. This work provides vital guidance to design sub-nanoscale functional materials for high-performance energy-storage devices.

Accelerated Proton Transfer in Asymmetric Active Units for Sustainable Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The poor durability of Ru-based catalysts limits the practical application in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Here, we report that the asymmetric active units in Ru1-xMxO2 (M = Sb, In, and Sn) binary solid solution oxides are constructed by introducing acid-resistant p-block metal sites, breaking the activity and stability limitations of RuO2 in acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Constructing highly asymmetric Ru-O-Sb units with a strong electron delocalization effect significantly shortens the spatial distance between Ru and Sb sites, improving the bonding strength of the overall structure. The unique two-electron redox couples at Sb sites in asymmetric active units trigger additional chemical steps at different OER stages, facilitating continuous proton transfer. The optimized Ru0.8Sb0.2O2 solid solution requires a superlow overpotential of 160 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a record-breaking stability of 1100 h in an acidic electrolyte. Notably, the scale-prepared Ru0.8Sb0.2O2 achieves efficient PEMWE performance under industrial conditions. General mechanism analysis shows that the enhanced proton transport in the asymmetric Ru-O-M unit provides a new working pathway for acidic OER, breaking the scaling relationship without sacrificing stability.