The acts of opening and closing the eyes are of importance for congenital blindness: Evidence from resting-state fMRI.

Volitional eye closure is observed only in conscious and awake humans, and is rare in animals. It is believed that eye closure can focus one's attention inward and facilitate activities such as meditation and mental imagery. Congenital blind individuals are also required to close their eyes for these activities. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) studies have found robust differences between the eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) conditions in some brain regions in the sighted. This study analyzed data from 21 congenital blind individuals and 21 sighted controls by using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of RS-fMRI. The blind group and the sighted group shared similar pattern of differences between the EC and EO condition: ALFF was higher in the EC condition than the EO condition in the bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex, bilateral supplementary motor area, and inferior occipital cortex, while ALFF was lower in the EC condition than the EO condition in the medial prefrontal cortex, highlighting the "nature" effect on the difference between the EC and EO conditions. The results of other matrices such as fractional ALFF (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) showed similar patterns to that of ALFF. Moreover, no significant difference was observed between the EC-EO pattern of the two subgroups of congenital blind (i.e., with and without light perception), suggesting that the EC-EO difference is irrespective of residual light perception which reinforced the "nature" effect. We also found between-group differences, i.e., more probably "nurture effect", in the posterior insula and fusiform. Our results suggest that the acts of closing and opening the eyes are of importance for the congenital blind, and that these actions and their differences might be inherent in the nature of humans.

Intracardiac leiomyomatosis: a comprehensive analysis of 194 cases.

Intracardiac leiomyomatosis is rare but has been increasingly reported in recent years. Owing to its rarity, intracardiac leiomyomatosis has been reported only as isolated case reports and case series. This disorder is thought to be underestimated and easily overlooked in the clinic, while it is dangerous owing to the risk of sudden death caused by total outflow tract obstruction. We performed an electronic literature search for intracardiac leiomyomatosis and identified 194 cases that were reported in English from 1974 (the first reported case) to September 2012. Our aim is to provide a detailed and comprehensive review of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, histopathological characterization, treatment and prognosis of this disorder. According to our analysis, intracardiac leiomyomatosis is most common in the fifth decade, and the mean age of detection is ~50 years. Most patients had undergone previous hysterectomy/myomectomy or had a coexisting uterine leiomyoma when admitted. The most common clinical presentations were dyspnoea, syncope, oedema of the lower extremities and palpitation. Transoesophageal echocardiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are helpful in the preoperative diagnosis and to guide the surgical management. Complete removal guarantees an excellent outcome, with no recurrence or postoperative death, while incomplete removal leads to recurrence in one-third of patients. Anti-oestrogen therapy is not imperative after incomplete removal owing to its inability to prevent recurrence.

One-stage complete removal of intracardiac leiomyomatosis without cardiac arrest.

We present here a woman with an intracardiac leiomyoma originating from uterine leiomyomatosis. The tumor was completely removed in a one-stage procedure using cardiopulmonary bypass without cardiac arrest. Most one-stage operations were performed with total circulation arrest; however, using of on-pump beating-heart technique when removing the intracardiac mass has seldom been reported in detail. The patient was asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrence on 13-month follow-up.

Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in lung is very rare, and the most common among them is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma), whose clinical features and laboratory characteristics are poorly defined, making diagnosis difficult. The purpose of this study was to study the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary MALToma. METHODS: The clinical data of 12 patients treated for MALToma between August 1992 and December 2005 were analyzed. RESULTS: No specific symptoms or signs, or results of bronchoscopy, ultrasonagraphy or bone marrow examination could be found in the 12 patients. Only radiography was useful in diagnosis, though the final diagnosis of all the patients was based on histology and immunohistochemistry. Two patients also had gastric MALToma. Operations were performed on 6 patients, including 5 radical operations and 1 partial resection: 4 patients also received adjuvant chemotherapy. One patient experienced recurrence 152 months after the operation, while the other 5 patients have survived disease-free. Four patients were treated with chemotherapy alone, two of whom experienced complete remission and the others partial remission. The final 2 patients received no treatment and had survived for 7 and 27 months respectively. All the patients were still alive at the most recent follow-up, 7 to 160 months (mean 71.3 months). CONCLUSIONS: Except radiography, no specific clinical manifestations could be identified for pulmonary MALToma. The final diagnosis should be based on histology and immunohistochemistry. Several treatment methods can be used to achieve good outcomes.

[Diagnosis and treatment of primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnosis and treatment for primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. METHODS: The clinical data of 12 patients with primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma from August 1992 to May 2005 were analyzed. RESULTS: All the patients survived during the follow-up periods of 6 to 164 months (mean 70.3 months). Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma was found to coexist in 2 patients. No specific symptoms or signs, or specific results of bronchoscopy, ultrasonography or bone marrow examination were found in these patients, except that radiography showed nodules with blurred margins with characteristic air bronchogram. The final diagnosis was based on histology and immunohistochemistry. Surgical resection was performed for 6 patients, including 5 radical operations and 1 partial resection, among which 4 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Recurrence occurred in 1 patient 12.7 years after the operation, while the other 5 patients got disease free survival. Chemotherapy alone was administered for 4 patients, among whom 2 patients got complete remission and the others got partial remission. The other 2 patients received no treatment and had survived for 6 and 26 months respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Except for the radiographic findings, there were no specific clinical manifestations for primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The final diagnosis should be made by histology and immunohistochemistry. Surgery and chemotherapy can be adopted for the patients with good outcomes.