Multi-axial Self-driven X-ray Detection by a Two-dimensional Biaxial Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Ferroelectric.

Metal halide perovskite ferroelectrics combining spontaneous polarization and excellent semiconducting properties is an ideal platform for enabling self-driven X-ray detection, however, achievements to date have been only based on uniaxiality, which increases the complexity of device fabrication. Multi-axial ferroelectric materials have multiple equivalent polarization directions, making them potentially amenable to multi-axial self-driven X-ray detection, but the report on these types of materials is still a huge blank. Herein, a high-quality (BA)2(EA)2Pb3I10 (1) biaxial ferroelectric single crystal was successfully grown, which exhibited significant spontaneous polarization along the c-axis and b-axis. Under X-ray irradiation, bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) was exhibited along both the c-axis and b-axis, with open circuit voltages (Voc) of 0.23 V and 0.22 V, respectively. Then, the BPVE revealed along the inversion of polarized direction with the polarized electric fields. Intriguingly, due to the BPVE of 1, 1 achieved multi-axial self-driven X-ray detection for the first time (c-axis and b-axis) with relatively high sensitivities and ultralow detection limits (17.2 nGyair s-1 and 19.4 nGyair s-1, respectively). This work provides a reference for the subsequent use of multi-axial ferroelectricity for multi-axial self-driven optoelectronic detection.

Dual-strategy engineered nickel phosphide for achieving efficient hydrazine-assisted hydrogen production in seawater.

Electrocatalytic hydrogen production in seawater to alleviate freshwater shortage pressures is promising, but is hindered by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction and detrimental chloride electrochemistry. Herein, a dual strategy approach of Fe-doping and CeO2-decoration in nickel phosphide (Fe-Ni2P/CeO2) is rationally designed to achieve superior bifunctional catalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) in seawater. Notably, the two-electrode Fe-Ni2P/CeO2-based hybrid seawater electrolyzer realizes energy-efficient and chlorine-free hydrogen production with ultralow cell voltages of 0.051 and 0.597 V at 10 and 400 mA cm-2, which are significantly lower than those needed in the hydrazine-free seawater electrolyzer. Density functional theory calculations manifest that the combination of Fe doping and heterointerface construction between Fe-Ni2P and CeO2 can adjust the electronic structure of the Ni2P and optimize the water dissociation barrier and hydrogen adsorption free energy, leading to improvement of the intrinsic catalytic performance. This route affords a feasible solution for future large-scale hydrogen generation using abundant ocean water.

Transcription factor OsbZIP10 modulates rice grain quality by regulating OsGIF1.

Understanding and optimizing the process of grain filling helps the quest to maximize rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed yield and quality, yet the intricate mechanisms at play remain fragmented. Transcription factors (TFs) are major players in the gene networks underlying the grain filling process. Here, we employed grain incomplete filling (OsGIF1)/cell wall invertase 2, a key gene involved in grain filling, to explore its upstream TFs and identified a bZIP family TF, OsbZIP10, to be a transcriptional activator of OsGIF1. Rice grains of the knockouts of OsbZIP10 showed increased white-core rates but lower amylose content (AC), leading to better eating and cooking qualities in all genetic backgrounds investigated, though the impact of mutations in OsbZIP10 on grain weight depended on genetic background. Multi-omics analyses suggested that, in addition to OsGIF1, multiple genes involved in different biological processes contributing to grain filling were targeted by OsbZIP10, including OsAGPS1, a gene encoding the ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) small subunit, and genes contributing to homeostasis of reactive oxygen species. Distinct genetic make-up was observed in OsbZIP10 between japonica and indica rice varieties, with the majority varieties of each subspecies belonging to two different haplotypes that were closely associated with AC. Overexpressing the haplotype linked to high-AC in the low-AC genetic background increased AC. Overall, this study sheds crucial light on the significance of the OsbZIP10-OsGIF1 module in the determination of rice grain quality, offering a potential avenue for genetic engineering of rice to produce seeds with tailored attributes.

Hydrochemical characteristics of abandoned coal mines derived acid mine drainage in a typical karst basin (Wuma river basin, Guizhou China).

The hydrochemical characteristics of acid mine drainage (AMD) were investigated in Wuma River Basin, China. AMD was sampled from nine closed coal mine (CCM) sites to study the temporal and spatial evolution of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (ED), total hardness (THR), total dissolved salt (TDS), and trace elements. The surface water (river) and groundwater surrounding mine sites were sampled to evaluate the potential pollution derived from AMDs. The TDS content of AMD was higher than that of surface water and groundwater. The dominant factors influencing TDS were the pH, temperature, and wet or dry season (which played a role in controlling microbial activity), HCO3 - balance, and REDOX during the evolutionary process. The hydrochemical type of AMD was dependent on the evolutionary stage. From observations, most AMDs were in the form of the SO4 2--Ca2+•Mg2+ type that was characterized by a low pH, low [HCO3 -], high [SO4 2-], and high [Fe]. In addition, the AMD samples were undergoing stage I and II processes, in which SO4 2- and trace elements were generated. The surface water and groundwater were primarily classified as the HCO3 --Ca2+•Mg2+ type, which accounted for their self-cleaning capacity, as indicated by the high [HCO3 -]. The surface water and groundwater could be affected by the surrounding AMD depending on the geographical location. The surface water and groundwater sites that were located downstream of subsurface and surface runoff were obviously affected by AMD. After being polluted by AMD, surface water and groundwater contained higher levels of trace elements and emerged as the HCO3 -•SO4 2--Ca2+•Mg2+ type.

A hierarchical CoSx/Ni(OH)2 heterostructure as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for urea-assisted energy-efficient hydrogen production.

We report hierarchical CoSx/Ni(OH)2/NF heterostructure nanorod arrays, which manifest superior bifunctional catalytic activities for the HER and UOR due to amorphous Ni(OH)2, synergistic effect of multiple components and self-supported structure. The CoSx/Ni(OH)2/NF-based urea electrolyzer requires a low cell voltage of 1.485 V to deliver 10 mA cm-2, which is obviously lower than that needed in water electrolysis.

Highly Stable Silver Nanowire Plasmonic Electrodes for Flexible Polymer Light-Emitting Devices.

Silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrodes are considered as a promising candidate for applications in flexible optoelectronic devices. However, it remains a great challenge to obtain flexible AgNW electrodes with excellent optoelectrical properties and mechanical flexibility. Here, highly stable Ag nanoparticle (AgNP)-enhanced plasmonic AgNW electrodes are demonstrated via the controllable in situ growth of AgNPs at the AgNW junctions and introduction of an l-histidine (l-His) wrapping layer. The flexible transparent electrodes of AgNW-AgNP/l-His possess a low sheet resistance (Rsh) of ∼17.5 Ω sq-1, a high transmittance of ∼92.5% (550 nm), and a robust mechanical stability (100,000 bending cycles). Benefiting from plasmon-coupling effects, flexible polymer light-emitting devices (FPLEDs) with AgNW-AgNP/l-His electrodes present a current efficiency (CE) of ∼14.8 cd A-1 and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ∼5.6%, constituting ∼80% and ∼75% increases compared to those of the reference devices with AgNW electrodes, respectively. Additionally, the laminated flexible transparent PLEDs (FT-PLEDs) are demonstrated by integrating polydimethylsiloxane/AgNW-AgNP anodes by a soft lamination process. The FT-PLEDs present a CE of ∼7.1 cd A-1 (cathode side: ∼3.9 cd A-1; anode side: ∼3.2 cd A-1) and an EQE of ∼2.7% (cathode side: ∼1.5%; anode side: ∼1.2%). Furthermore, the FPLEDs and FT-PLEDs exhibit robust mechanical durability, maintaining ∼89% and ∼86% of their initial luminance after 1000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 2 mm, respectively. This work opens up a new avenue for the development of high performance and stable flexible optoelectronic devices.

Achieving High Operating-Temperature Self-powered X-Ray Detection in Multilayered Hybrid Perovskites through Arylamine Intercalation.

Polar metal halide hybrid perovskites (PHPs) that exhibit outstanding bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE), excellent semiconductor features, and strong radiation absorption ability, have shown prominent advantages in highly sensitive direct X-ray detection. However, it is still a challenge to explore PHPs with high BPVE temperature ranges, answering the demand of developing thermally stable passive X-ray detection. Herein, by intercalating arylamine into lead tribromide and inducing order-disorder phase transition, a 2D multilayered PHPs (BZA)2(MA)Pb2Br7 (BZPB, BZA = benzylamine, MA = methylamine) is synthesized. BZPB crystallizes in a polar space group Aea2 at a low-temperature phase and demonstrates a significant open-circuit of 0.3 V deriving from BPVE under X-ray irradiation. Meanwhile, the strong X-ray absorption coefficient and outstanding carrier transport capability of the bilayered lead halide framework associated with the polar BPVE give BZPB excellent X-ray detection abilities. At 0 V bias, the impressive sensitivity of BZPB is 98 µC Gy-1 cm-2. Importantly, the introduction of the rigid BZA ring increases the energy barrier of phase transition and thus dramatically enhances the X-ray detection operating temperature of BZPB up to 409 K without significant performance degradation. This work strongly reveals the great potential of rational design of metal halide hybrid perovskites for X-ray detection applications.

The Effects of Resveratrol and Apigenin on Jejunal Oxidative Injury in Ducks and on Immortalized Duck Intestinal Epithelial Cells Exposed to H2O2.

Oxidative stress increases the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells and impairs intestinal epithelial cell renewal, which further promotes intestinal barrier dysfunction and even death. Extensive evidence supports that resveratrol and apigenin have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. Here, we investigated the ability of these two compounds to alleviate diquat-induced jejunal oxidative stress and morphological injury, using the duck as a model, as well as the effects of apigenin on oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in immortalized duck intestinal epithelial cells (IDECs). Ducks were randomly assigned to the following four groups, with five replicates: a control (CON) group, a diquat-challenged (DIQ) group, a resveratrol (500 mg/kg) + diquat (RES) group, and an apigenin (500 mg/kg) + diquat (API) group. We found that serum catalase (CAT) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) markedly reduced in the RES and API groups as compared to the DIQ group (p < 0.05); moreover, serum S superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels increased significantly in the API group as compared to the DIQ group (p < 0.05). In jejunal mucosa, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the RES and API groups decreased more than that in the DIQ group (p < 0.05). In addition, the jejunal expression levels of the NRF2 and GCLM genes in the RES and API groups increased notably compared with those in the DIQ group (p < 0.05); meanwhile, CAT activity in the RES and API groups was markedly elevated compared with that in the CON group (p < 0.05). In IDECs, apigenin significantly restrained the H2O2-mediated increase in MDA content and decrease in CAT levels (p < 0.05). Furthermore, apigenin increased the protein expression of p-NRF2, NRF2, p-AKT, and p-P38; downregulated that of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9; and reduced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in H2O2-treated IDECs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, resveratrol and apigenin can be used as natural feed additives to protect against jejunal oxidative stress in ducks.

Enhanced sensitivity of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to environmental concentrations of antibiotic.

As emerging contaminants, antibiotics are frequently present in various environments, particularly rivers, albeit often at sublethal concentrations (ng/L∼µg/L). Assessing the risk associated with these low levels, which are far below the lethal threshold for most organisms, remains challenging. In this study, using microcosms containing planktonic bacteria and biofilm, we examined how antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different physical states, including intracellular ARGs (iARGs) and extracellular ARGs (eARGs) responded to these low-level antibiotics. Our findings reveal a positive correlation between sub-lethal antibiotic exposure (ranging from 0.1 to 10 µg/L) and increased prevalence (measured as ARG copies/16s rDNA) of both iARGs and eARGs in planktonic bacteria. Notably, eARGs demonstrated greater sensitivity to antibiotic exposure compared to iARGs, with a lower threshold (0.1 µg/L for eARGs versus 1 µg/L for iARGs) for abundance increase. Moreover, ARGs in biofilms demonstrates higher sensitivity to antibiotic exposure compared to planktonic bacteria. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we established an integrated population dynamics-pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PD-PP) model. This model indicates that the enhanced sensitivity of eARGs is primarily driven by an increased potential for plasmid release from cells under low antibiotic concentrations. Furthermore, the accumulation of antibiotic in biofilms induces a greater sensitivity of ARG compared to the planktonic bacteria. This study provides a fresh perspective on the development of antibiotic resistance and offers an innovative approach for assessing the risk of sublethal antibiotic in the environment.

Spontaneous thermal energy transfer and anti-gravitational water pumping using Al2O3 fiber-enhanced flexible nonwoven material as a high-performance and self-floating solar evaporator.

Solar-driven evaporation is promising to address water scarcity. However, preserving the heat inside evaporators instead of allowing run-off, and synergistically utilizing it to wick water from the bulk, is still underexplored. Herein, a dual-functional bridge of longitudinal orientated channels of Al2O3 fibers (AOFs) embedded in a multi-layered nonwoven evaporator was proposed to create a buffer for spontaneous thermal conduction and anti-gravitational water pumping. As a self-floating system with high porosity and flexibility, benefiting from the strong water transporting ability and high thermal conductivity of the AOFs, a superhigh evaporation rate (2.79 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun) can be achieved with great stability and durability. This work highlights the potential of promoting thermal management using a large-scale vapour chamber and mass-producible nonwoven technology to prepare a high-performance evaporator for practical applications.

KIF2C: An important factor involved in signaling pathways, immune infiltration, and DNA damage repair in tumorigenesis.

BACKGROUNDS: Poorly regulated mitosis and chromosomal instability are common characteristics in malignant tumor cells. Kinesin family member 2 C (KIF2C), also known as mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK) is an essential component during mitotic regulation. In recent years, KIF2C was shown to be dysregulated in several tumors and was involved in many aspects of tumor self-regulation. Research on KIF2C may be a new direction and target for anti-tumor therapy. OBJECT: The article aims at reviewing current literatures and summarizing the research status of KIF2C in malignant tumors as well as the oncogenic signaling pathways associated with KIF2C and its role in immune infiltration. RESULT: In this review, we summarize the KIF2C mechanisms and signaling pathways in different malignant tumors, and briefly describe its involvement in pathways related to classical chemotherapeutic drug resistance, such as MEK/ERK, mTOR, Wnt/ß-catenin, P53 and TGF-ß1/Smad pathways. KIF2C upregulation was shown to promote tumor cell migration, invasion, chemotherapy resistance and inhibit DNA damage repair. It was also highly correlated with microRNAs, and CD4 +T cell and CD8 +T cell tumor immune infiltration. CONCLUSION: This review shows that KIF2C may function as a new anticancer drug target with great potential for malignant tumor treatment and the mitigation of chemotherapy resistance.

Direct and Detailed Site-Specific Glycopeptide Characterization by Higher-Energy Electron-Activated Dissociation Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Glycosylation is widely recognized as the most complex post-translational modification due to the widespread presence of macro- and microheterogeneities, wherein its biological consequence is closely related to both the glycosylation sites and the glycan fine structures. Yet, efficient site-specific detailed glycan characterization remains a significant analytical challenge. Here, utilizing an Orbitrap-Omnitrap platform, higher-energy electron-activated dissociation (heExD) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) revealed extraordinary efficacy for the structural characterization of intact glycopeptides. HeExD produced extensive fragmentation within both the glycan and the peptide, including A-/B-/C-/Y-/Z-/X-ions from the glycan motif and a-/b-/c-/x-/y-/z-type peptide fragments (with or without the glycan). The intensity of cross-ring cleavage and backbone fragments retaining the intact glycan was highly dependent on the electron energy. Among the four electron energy levels investigated, electronic excitation dissociation (EED) provided the most comprehensive structural information, yielding a complete series of glycosidic fragments for accurate glycan topology determination, a wealth of cross-ring fragments for linkage definition, and the most extensive peptide backbone fragments for accurate peptide sequencing and glycosylation site localization. The glycan fragments observed in the EED spectrum correlated well with the fragmentation patterns observed in EED MS/MS of the released glycans. The advantages of EED over higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD), stepped collision energy HCD (sceHCD), and electron-transfer/higher-energy collisional dissociation (EThcD) were demonstrated for the characterization of a glycopeptide bearing a biantennary disialylated glycan. EED can produce a complete peptide backbone and glycan sequence coverage even for doubly protonated precursors. The exceptional performance of heExD MS/MS, particularly EED MS/MS, in site-specific detailed glycan characterization on an Orbitrap-Omnitrap hybrid instrument presents a novel option for in-depth glycosylation analysis.

Three-Dimensional Polar Perovskites for Highly Sensitive Self-Driven X-Ray Detection.

Three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have achieved tremendous success in direct X-ray detection due to their high absorption coefficient and excellent carrier transport. However, owing to the centrosymmetry of classic 3D structures, these reported X-ray detectors mostly require external electrical fields to run, resulting in bulky overall circuitry, high energy consumption, and operational instability. Herein, we first report the unprecedented radiation photovoltage in 3D OIHP for efficient self-driven X-ray detection. Specifically, the 3D polar OIHP MhyPbBr3 (1, Mhy=methylhydrazine) shows an intrinsic radiation photovoltage (0.47 V) and large mobility-lifetime product (1.1×10-3  cm2 V-1 ) under X-ray irradiation. Strikingly, these excellent physical characteristics endow 1 with sensitive self-driven X-ray detection performance, showing a considerable sensitivity of 220 µC Gy-1 cm-2 , which surpasses those of most self-driven X-ray detectors. This work first explores highly sensitive self-driven X-ray detection in 3D polar OIHPs, shedding light on future practical applications.

Phosphor-Doped Carbon Network Electrocatalyst Enables Accelerated Redox Kinetics of Polysulfides for Sodium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-ion batteries, which have dominated large-scale energy storage for the past three decades, face limitations in energy density and cost. Sulfur, with its impressive capacity of 1675 mAh g-1 and high theoretical energy density of 1274 Wh kg-1, stands out as a promising cathode material, leading to a growing focus on sodium-sulfur (Na-S) batteries as an alternative to address lithium resource scarcity. Nevertheless, the development is restrained by poor conductivity, volume expansion of the sulfur cathode, and the shuttle effect of sodium polysulfides (Na2Sn) in the electrolytes. In this study, a facile method is designed to fabricate phosphor-doped carbon (phos-C), which is then used as a sulfur matrix. This micromesoporous phos-C network enhances sulfur utilization, increases overall cathode conductivity, and effectively mitigates the shuttling of Na2Sn. During the discharge process, phos-C can absorb soluble Na2Sn and increase the conductivity of sulfur, while serving as a reservoir for electrolyte and Na2Sn, thereby preventing their infiltration into the anode and reducing the loss of sodium. As a result, the well-designed sulfur-loaded phos-C (S/phos-C) cathode, employed in the Na-S battery, demonstrates a capacity of 1034 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C (1 C = 1675 mA g-1) and an excellent rate capability of 339 mAh g-1 at 10 C, coupled with a prolonged cycling life up to 2000 cycles at 1 C, exhibiting an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.013% per cycle. Overall, this study introduces an efficient method for creating long-lasting Na-S batteries.

Efficient Flexible Fabric-Based Top-Emitting Polymer Light-Emitting Devices for Wearable Electronics.

Low-cost fabric-based top-emitting polymer light-emitting devices (Fa-TPLEDs) have aroused increasing attention due to their remarkable potential applications in wearable displays. However, it is still challenging to realize efficient all-solution-processed devices from bottom electrodes to top electrodes with large-scale fabrication. Here, a smooth reflective Ag cathode integrated on fabric by one-step silver mirror reaction and a composite transparent anode of polydimethylsiloxane/silver nanowires/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) via a water-assisted peeling method are presented, both of which possess excellent optoelectrical properties and robust mechanical flexibility. The Fa-TPLEDs are constructed by spin-coating functional layers on the bottom reflective cathodes and laminating the top transparent anodes. The Fa-TPLEDs show a current efficiency of 16.3 cd A-1 , an external quantum efficiency of 4.9% and angle-independent electroluminescence spectra. In addition, the Fa-TPLEDs possess excellent mechanical stability, maintaining a current efficiency of 14.3 cd A-1 after 200 bending cycles at a radius of 4 mm. The results demonstrate that the integration of solution-processed reflective cathodes and transparent anodes sheds light on a new avenue to construct low-cost and efficient fabric-based devices, showing great potential applications in emerging smart flexible/wearable electronics.

Network pharmacology-and molecular docking-based investigation of Danggui blood-supplementing decoction in ischaemic stroke.

Danggui blood-supplementing decoction (DBsD) is an herbal preparation treating several diseases including stroke. The present study sought to investigate the potential mechanism of DBsD in ischaemic stroke (IS) using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and cell experiment. Based on the protein-protein (PPI) network analysis, MAPK1 (0.51, 12), KNG1 (0.57, 28), and TNF (0.64, 39) were found with relatively good performance in degree and closeness centrality. The functional enrichment analysis revealed that DBsD contributed to IS-related biological processes, molecule function, and presynaptic/postsynaptic cellular components. Pathway enrichment indicated that DBsD might protect IS by modulating multi-signalling pathways including the sphingolipid signalling pathway. Molecular docking verified the stigmasterol-KNG1, bifendate-TNF, and formononetin-MAPK1 pairs. Cell experiments confirmed the involvement of KNG1 and sphingolipid signalling pathway in hippocampal neuronal cell apoptosis. This study showed that DBsD can protect neuronal cell injury after IS through multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways.

OsNAC5 orchestrates OsABI5 to fine-tune cold tolerance in rice.

Due to its tropical origins, rice (Oryza sativa) is susceptible to cold stress, which poses severe threats to production. OsNAC5, a NAC-type transcription factor, participates in the cold stress response of rice, but the detailed mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that OsNAC5 positively regulates cold tolerance at germination and in seedlings by directly activating the expression of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5 (OsABI5). Haplotype analysis indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms in a NAC-binding site in the OsABI5 promoter are strongly associated with cold tolerance. OsNAC5 also enhanced OsABI5 stability, thus regulating the expression of cold-responsive (COR) genes, enabling fine-tuned control of OsABI5 action for rapid, precise plant responses to cold stress. DNA affinity purification sequencing coupled with transcriptome deep sequencing identified several OsABI5 target genes involved in COR expression, including DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR 1A (OsDREB1A), OsMYB20, and PEROXIDASE 70 (OsPRX70). In vivo and in vitro analyses suggested that OsABI5 positively regulates COR gene transcription, with marked COR upregulation in OsNAC5-overexpressing lines and downregulation in osnac5 and/or osabi5 knockout mutants. This study extends our understanding of cold tolerance regulation via OsNAC5 through the OsABI5-CORs transcription module, which may be used to ameliorate cold tolerance in rice via advanced breeding.

Unique Perovskitizer N─Pb Bond Switching Induced Polar Photovoltaic Effect in Trilayered Hybrid Perovskite.

Polar photovoltaic effect (PPE) has attracted great attention in regulating desired optoelectronic properties, which can be driven by order-disorder and displacive phase transitions. Bond-switching is also a feasible method to induce PPE, but such investigation is very rare. Lead-halide hybrid perovskite (LHHP) is an outstanding photodetection material; lead atoms possess rich coordination modes to provide possibilities to construct switchable bonds. Here, a unique perovskitizer N─Pb bond-switching is disclosed to induce polar photovoltage in the emerging LHHP, PA2MHy2Pb3Br10 (1, PA = n-propylamine, MHy = methylhydrazine). Interestingly, the perovskitizer MHy+ provides 2s2 lone pair while the Pb atom affords empty d orbitals, which coordinate with each other to generate a flexible N─Pb bond. Further, the introduction of N─Pb bonds results in a high distortion of the PbBr6 octahedron to form local polarity and further orientation to induce spontaneous polarization. More importantly, such a flexible N─Pb bond switching mechanism drives a notable PPE and controllable polarized photo-response, a polarization ratio up to 9.7 at the polar phase in striking contrast with the non-polar phase (1.03). The work provides the first demonstration of bond-switching to induce polar phase transition and polar photovoltage in the photoconductive hybrid perovskites for photoelectric applications.

Circularly Polarized Light-Dependent Pyro-Phototronic Effect from 2D Chiral-Polar Double Perovskites.

Chiral hybrid perovskites combine the advantages of chiral materials and halide perovskites, offering an ideal platform for the design of circularly polarized light (CPL) detectors. The pyro-phototronic effect, as a special mechanism of the photoexcited pyroelectric signal, can significantly improve the performance of photodetectors, whereas it remains a great challenge to achieve pyroelectricity-based CPL detection. In this work, the chiroptical phenomena and the pyro-phototronic effect are combined in chiral-polar perovskites to achieve unprecedented pyroelectric-based CPL detection. Two novel two-dimensional (2D) lead-free chiral-polar double perovskites, S/R-[(4-aminophenyl)ethylamine]2AgBiI8·0.5H2O, are successfully designed and synthesized by introducing chiral organic ligands into metal halide frameworks. Strikingly, the photoresponse is substantially boosted with the support of the pyro-phototronic effect, showing an increased pyro-phototronic current that is 40 times greater than the photovoltaic current. Furthermore, the pyroelectric-based detector possesses excellent CPL detection capacity to distinguish different polarization states of CPL photons, which achieve an impressive glph of up to 0.27 at zero bias. This study provides a brand new process for CPL detection by utilizing the pyro-phototronic effect in chiral-polar perovskites, which opens a new avenue for chiral materials in optoelectronic applications.

Needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training for post-stroke cognitive impairment: a multi-center randomized controlled trial. / ç”µé’ˆåŽç•™é’ˆè”åˆè®¤çŸ¥è®­ç»ƒæ²»ç–—è„‘å’ä¸­åŽè®¤çŸ¥åŠŸèƒ½éšœç¢ï¼šå¤šä¸­å¿ƒéšæœºå¯¹ç §è¯•éªŒ.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training and electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). METHODS: A total of 206 patients with PSCI were randomized into a needle retaining group (103 cases, 9 cases dropped out) and an electroacupuncture group (103 cases, 6 cases dropped out). In addition to the conventional basic medical treatment and the rehabilitation treatment, in the needle retaining group, electroacupuncture at Shenting (GV 24) and Baihui (GV 20) was applied, with continuous wave of 50 Hz in the first 15 min and with disperse-dense wave of 2 Hz/50 Hz in the last 15 min, the needles were continuously retained for 1 h after electroacupuncture, during which cognitive training was adopted; in the electroacupuncture group, cognitive training was performed after the same electric stimulation exerted for 30 min, without additional needles retaining. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week for totally 8 weeks in the two groups. Before and after 8-week treatment, the TCM syndrome score was observed; before and after 4,8-week treatment, the scores of mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and ability of daily living were observed in the two groups. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after 8-week treatment. RESULTS: After 8-week treatment, the TCM syndrome scores were increased compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05); the TCM syndrome score in the needle retaining group was higher than that in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05).After 4,8-week treatment, the scores of MMSE, MoCA and ability of daily living were increased compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05); MMSE, MoCA scores after 4,8-week treatment and ability of daily living score after 8-week treatment in the needle retaining group were higher than those in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 90.4% (85/94) in the needle retaining group, which was superior to 82.5% (80/97) in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training and electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training can effectively treat PSCI, improve the clinical symptom, cognitive function and ability of daily living in PSCI patients. Needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training has a better therapeutic effect.