Winter harvesting reduces methane emissions and enhances blue carbon potential in coastal phragmites wetlands.

Enhancing the ability of coastal blue carbon to accumulate and store carbon and reduce net greenhouse gas emissions is an essential component of a comprehensive approach for tackling climate change. The annual winter harvesting of Phragmites is common worldwide. However, the effects of harvesting on methane (CH4) emissions and its potential as an effective blue carbon management strategy have rarely been reported. In this study, the effects of winter Phragmites harvesting on the CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes and the underlying mechanisms in coastal Phragmites wetlands were investigated by comparing the eddy covariance flux measurements for three coastal wetlands with different harvesting and tidal flow conditions. The results show that harvesting can greatly reduce the CH4 emissions and the radiative forcing of CH4 and CO2 fluxes in coastal Phragmites wetlands, suggesting that winter Phragmites harvesting has great potential as a nature-based strategy to mitigate global warming. The monthly mean CH4 fluxes were predominantly driven by air temperature, gross primary productivity, and latent heat fluxes, which are related to vegetation phenology. Additionally, variations in the salinity and water levels exerted strong regulation effects on CH4 emissions, highlighting the important role of proper tidal flow restoration and resalinization in enhancing blue carbon sequestration potential. Compared with the natural, tidally unrestricted wetlands, the CH4 fluxes in the impounded wetland were less strongly correlated with hydrometeorological variables, implying the increased difficulties of predicting CH4 variations in impounded ecosystem. This study facilitates the improved understanding of carbon exchange in coastal Phragmites wetlands with harvesting or impoundment, and provides new insights into effective blue carbon management strategies beyond tidal wetland restoration for mitigating the effects of climate change.

Asprosin contributes to vascular remodeling in hypertensive rats via superoxide signaling.

OBJECTIVE: Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute to vascular remodeling. Asprosin, a newly discovered protein hormone, is involved in metabolic diseases. Little is known about the roles of asprosin in cardiovascular diseases. This study focused on the role and mechanism of asprosin on VSMC proliferation and migration, and vascular remodeling in a rat model of hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS: VSMCs were obtained from the aortic media of 8-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Asprosin was upregulated in the VSMCs of SHR. For in vitro studies, asprosin promoted VSMC proliferation and migration of WKY and SHR, and increased Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) activity, NOX1/2/4 protein expressions and superoxide production. Knockdown of asprosin inhibited the proliferation, migration, NOX activity, NOX1/2 expressions and superoxide production in the VSMCs of SHR. The roles of asprosin in promoting VSMC proliferation and migration were not affected by hydrogen peroxide scavenger, but attenuated by superoxide scavenger, selective NOX1 or NOX2 inhibitor. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was upregulated in SHR, TLR4 knockdown inhibited asprosin overexpression-induced proliferation, migration and oxidative stress in VSMCs of WKY and SHR. Asprosin was upregulated in arteries of SHR, and knockdown of asprosin in vivo not only attenuated oxidative stress and vascular remodeling in aorta and mesentery artery, but also caused a subsequent persistent antihypertensive effect in SHR. CONCLUSIONS: Asprosin promotes VSMC proliferation and migration via NOX-mediated superoxide production. Inhibition of endogenous asprosin expression attenuates VSMC proliferation and migration, and vascular remodeling of SHR.

Clinical and genetic analysis of methylmalonic aciduria in 60 patients from Southern China: a single center retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is a group of rare genetic metabolic disorders resulting from defects in methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase (MCM) or intracellular cobalamin (cbl) metabolism. MMA patients show diverse clinical and genetic features across different subtypes and populations. METHODS: We retrospectively recruited 60 MMA patients from a single center and diagnosed them based on their clinical manifestations and biochemical assays. We then performed genetic analysis to confirm the diagnosis and identify the causal variants. RESULTS: We confirmed the common clinical manifestations of MMA reported previously. We also described four rare MMA cases with unusual symptoms or genetic variants, such as pulmonary hypertension or limb weakness in late-onset patients. We identified 15 MMACHC and 26 MMUT variants in 57 patients, including 6 novel MMUT variants. Two patients had only one MMAA variant each, and one patient had mild MMA due to mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome caused by a SUCLA2 variant. Among 12 critically ill patients, isolated MMA was associated with higher C3, blood ammonia, and acidosis, while combined MMA was linked to hydrocephalus on skull MRI. MMACHC c.658-660delAAG and MMUT c.1280G > A variants were correlated with more severe phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates the clinical and genotypic heterogeneity of MMA patients and indicates that metabolic screening and genetic analysis are useful tools to identify rare cases.

Eight In. Wafer-Scale Epitaxial Monolayer MoS2.

Large-scale, high-quality, and uniform monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) films are crucial for their applications in next-generation electronics and optoelectronics. Epitaxy is a mainstream technique for achieving high-quality MoS2 films and is demonstrated at a wafer scale up to 4-in. In this study, the epitaxial growth of 8-in. wafer-scale highly oriented monolayer MoS2 on sapphire is reported as with excellent spatial homogeneity, using a specially designed vertical chemical vapor deposition (VCVD) system. Field effect transistors (FETs) based on the as-grown 8-in. wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 film are fabricated and exhibit high performances, with an average mobility and an on/off ratio of 53.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 107, respectively. In addition, batch fabrication of logic devices and 11-stage ring oscillators are also demonstrated, showcasing excellent electrical functions. This work may pave the way of MoS2 in practical industry-scale applications.

Genome-based taxonomic classification of the genus Sulfitobacter along with the proposal of a new genus Parasulfitobacter gen. nov. and exploring the gene clusters associated with sulfur oxidation.

BACKGROUND: The genus Sulfitobacter, a member of the family Roseobacteraceae, is widely distributed in the ocean and is believed to play crucial roles in the global sulfur cycle. However, gene clusters associated with sulfur oxidation in genomes of the type strains of this genus have been poorly studied. Furthermore, taxonomic errors have been identified in this genus, potentially leading to significant confusion in ecological and evolutionary interpretations in subsequent studies of the genus Sulfitobacter. This study aims to investigate the taxonomic status of this genus and explore the metabolism associated with sulfur oxidation. RESULTS: This study suggests that Sulfitobacter algicola does not belong to Sulfitobacter and should be reclassified into a novel genus, for which we propose the name Parasulfitobacter gen. nov., with Parasulfitobacter algicola comb. nov. as the type species. Additionally, enzymes involved in the sulfur oxidation process, such as the sulfur oxidization (Sox) system, the disulfide reductase protein family, and the sulfite dehydrogenase (SoeABC), were identified in almost all Sulfitobacter species. This finding implies that the majority of Sulfitobacter species can oxidize reduced sulfur compounds. Differences in the modular organization of sox gene clusters among Sulfitobacter species were identified, along with the presence of five genes with unknown function located in some of the sox gene clusters. Lastly, this study revealed the presence of the demethylation pathway and the cleavage pathway used by many Sulfitobacter species to degrade dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). These pathways enable these bacteria to utilize DMSP as important source of sulfur and carbon or as a defence strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings contribute to interpreting the mechanism by which Sulfitobacter species participate in the global sulfur cycle. The taxonomic rearrangement of S. algicola into the novel genus Parasulfitobacter will prevent confusion in ecological and evolutionary interpretations in future studies of the genus Sulfitobacter.

Clinical manifestations and genetic mutation analysis of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type VII in China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the clinical and genetic features of Chinese patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII), thereby improving early detection, disease management, and patient outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records for five patients presenting with coarse facial features, rib protrusion, chest deformities, and scoliosis was conducted. Exome sequencing was employed to identify causative genetic mutations. RESULTS: The study comprised five patients (four males, one female) with disease onset at six months of age (range: 0-1.5 years). Common symptoms included coarse facial features, skeletal abnormalities, delayed motor and language development, and intellectual disability. Approximately 80% of the patients exhibited multiple skeletal dysplasias, enlarged adenoids or tonsils, and snoring; 60% had hernias; 40% reported hearing loss and hepatosplenomegaly. Less frequent manifestations were short stature, valvular heart disease, non-immune hydrops fetalis, and corneal opacity. All patients demonstrated elevated urine glycosaminoglycans levels and absent ß-glucuronidase activity in leukocytes. Exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous mutations in the GUSB gene in all four tested patients, uncovering seven mutations in total, three of which were novel (c.189G > A, c.869C > T, and c.1745 T > C). Furthermore, prenatal diagnosis through chorionic villus sampling in subsequent pregnancies of one patient's mother revealed both fetuses had normal ß-glucuronidase activity and no disease-causing mutations in the GUSB gene. CONCLUSION: The study's patients all presented with classic symptoms of MPS VII due to ß-glucuronidase deficiency, with three new pathogenic mutations identified in the GUSB gene. Genetic counseling and prenatal testing were highlighted as crucial for disease prevention.

Lightweight and Strong Cellulosic Triboelectric Materials Enabled by Cell Wall Nanoengineering.

As intelligent technology surges forward, wearable electronics have emerged as versatile tools for monitoring health and sensing our surroundings. Among these advancements, porous triboelectric materials have garnered significant attention for their lightness. However, these materials face the challenge of improving structural stability to further enhance the sensing accuracy of triboelectric sensors. In this study, a lightweight and strong porous cellulosic triboelectric material is designed by cell wall nanoengineering. By tailoring of the cell wall structure, the material shows a high mechanical strength of 51.8 MPa. The self-powered sensor constructed by this material has a high sensitivity of 33.61 kPa-1, a fast response time of 36 ms, and excellent pressure detection durability. Notably, the sensor still enables a high sensing performance after the porous cellulosic triboelectric material exposure to 200 °C and achieves real-time feedback of human motion, thereby demonstrating great potential in the field of wearable electronic devices.

Unveiling the Broad Substrate Specificity of Deoxynivalenol Oxidation Enzyme DepA and Its Role in Detoxifying Trichothecene Mycotoxins.

DepA, a pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent enzyme isolated from Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8, exhibits versatility in oxidizing deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives. This study explored DepA's substrate specificity and enzyme kinetics, focusing on DON and 15-acetyl-DON. Besides efficiently oxidizing DON, DepA also transforms 15-acetyl-DON into 15-acetyl-3-keto-DON, as identified via LC-MS/MS and NMR analysis. The kinetic parameters, including the maximum reaction rate, turnover number, and catalytic efficiency, were thoroughly evaluated. DepA-PQQ complex docking was deployed to rationalize the substrate specificity of DepA. This study further delves into the reduced toxicity of the transformation products, as demonstrated via enzyme homology modeling and in silico docking analysis with yeast 80S ribosomes, indicating a potential decrease in toxicity due to lower binding affinity. Utilizing the response surface methodology and central composite rotational design, mathematical models were developed to elucidate the relationship between the enzyme and cofactor concentrations, guiding the future development of detoxification systems for liquid feeds and grain processing. This comprehensive analysis underscores DepA's potential for use in mycotoxin detoxification, offering insights for future applications.

Serum uric acid level is associated with glomerular ischemic lesions in patients with primary membranous nephropathy: an analytical, cross-sectional study.

To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid level and glomerular ischemic lesions (GIL) in patients with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) and identify relevant risk factors. A total of 201 patients with PMN but normal renal function confirmed by renal biopsy executed in the Liaocheng People's Hospital, China, during January 2020-January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. The enrolled patients were divided into a hyperuricemia group and a normal serum uric acid group (control group) according to their serum uric acid levels. Then, the participants were further divided into a non-GIL group or a GIL group based on the patient's renal biopsy results. The two groups' clinical and pathological data and meaningful indicators for differences were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. Additionally, the serum uric acid level prediction value on GIL was investigated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Compared with the control group, the hyperuricemia group exhibited high serum uric acid, the prevalence of GIL, serum albumin, the prevalence of hypertension, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels (P < 0.05). Compared with the non-GIL group, the GIL group exhibited were older, had enhanced serum uric acid, serum albumin, and an increased prevalence of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (TA/IF), arteriolosclerosis, and low eGFR levels (P < 0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the serum uric acid and the TA/IF are independent risk factors of GIL (P < 0.05). The AUC of ROC of GIL of PMN patients, predicted based on the serum uric acid concentration, was 0.736 (P < 0.05), wherein the threshold = 426.5 µmol/L and the Youden's index = 0.41. Serum uric acid concentration and the TA/IF are independent risk factors of GIL in patients with PMN, and the former exhibits prediction value on GIL in patients with PMN.

Epitaxy of wafer-scale single-crystal MoS2 monolayer via buffer layer control.

Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), an emergent two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, holds great promise for transcending the fundamental limits of silicon electronics and continue the downscaling of field-effect transistors. To realize its full potential and high-end applications, controlled synthesis of wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 single crystals on general commercial substrates is highly desired yet challenging. Here, we demonstrate the successful epitaxial growth of 2-inch single-crystal MoS2 monolayers on industry-compatible substrates of c-plane sapphire by engineering the formation of a specific interfacial reconstructed layer through the S/MoO3 precursor ratio control. The unidirectional alignment and seamless stitching of MoS2 domains across the entire wafer are demonstrated through cross-dimensional characterizations ranging from atomic- to centimeter-scale. The epitaxial monolayer MoS2 single crystal shows good wafer-scale uniformity and state-of-the-art quality, as evidenced from the ~100% phonon circular dichroism, exciton valley polarization of ~70%, room-temperature mobility of ~140 cm2v-1s-1, and on/off ratio of ~109. Our work provides a simple strategy to produce wafer-scale single-crystal 2D semiconductors on commercial insulator substrates, paving the way towards the further extension of Moore's law and industrial applications of 2D electronic circuits.

Reclamation history and land use types across multiple spatial scales shape anuran communities in the coastal land reclamation region.

Land reclamation is a widely adopted method for managing land shortage and promoting coastal economic development globally. However, its impacts on biodiversity vary based on distinct reclamation histories and land use management strategies in different regions. This study aims to examine the effects of reclamation history and land use types at different spatial scales on anuran communities in coastal reclaimed land, which are an important taxon in the coastal ecosystem. We used visual and acoustic encounter methods to survey anurans in 2016 and 2017 across 20 1-km radius coastal land reclamation landscapes with different reclamation histories (10, 20, and 60 y after reclamation) in Nanhui Dongtan of Shanghai, an important coastal land reclamation region along the Yangtze River Estuary. Landscape variables (farmlands, woodlands, and impermeable surface covers, and the landscape Shannon diversity index) at four different spatial scales (250 m, 500 m, 750 m and 1000 m) and water salinity in each landscape were measured. Our findings reveal differences in anuran communities between study sites with 10, 20, and 60 years of reclamation history. Abundances of the ornamented pygmy frog (Microhyla fissipes) and Beijing gold-striped pond frog (Pelophylax plancyi) in landscapes with a 10-year reclamation history were significantly lower compared to those with histories of 20 and 60 years. Zhoushan toad (Bufo gargarizans) abundance was significantly negatively related to farmland cover at the 1000 m scale and impermeable surface cover at the 250 m scale; Hong Kong rice-paddy frog (Fejervarya multistriata) abundance was significantly positively related to farmland cover at the 1000 m scale; ornamented pygmy frog abundance was positively related to farmland cover at the 1000 m scale; and Beijing gold-striped pond frog abundance was significantly positively and negatively related to the landscape Shannon diversity index at the 1000 m scale and to water salinity, respectively. Amphibians quickly migrated and colonized coastal reclaimed land from older natural lands. However, two anuran species with specific habitat requirements tended to avoid areas with shorter reclamation histories. The single-species models revealed different responses to various land uses at the various scales, which indicated that land use management was important to amphibian conservation in coastal reclamation regions.

Electron/infrared-phonon coupling in ABC trilayer graphene.

Stacking order plays a crucial role in determining the crystal symmetry and has significant impacts on electronic, optical, magnetic, and topological properties. Electron-phonon coupling, which is central to a wide range of intriguing quantum phenomena, is expected to be intricately connected with stacking order. Understanding the stacking order-dependent electron-phonon coupling is essential for understanding peculiar physical phenomena associated with electron-phonon coupling, such as superconductivity and charge density waves. In this study, we investigate the effect of stacking order on electron-infrared phonon coupling in graphene trilayers. By using gate-tunable Raman spectroscopy and excitation frequency-dependent near-field infrared nanoscopy, we show that rhombohedral ABC-stacked trilayer graphene has a significant electron-infrared phonon coupling strength. Our findings provide novel insights into the superconductivity and other fundamental physical properties of rhombohedral ABC-stacked trilayer graphene, and can enable nondestructive and high-throughput imaging of trilayer graphene stacking order using Raman scattering.

Towards an integrated view on microbial CH4, N2O and N2 cycles in brackish coastal marsh soils: A comparative analysis of two sites.

Coastal ecosystems, facing threats from global change and human activities like excessive nutrients, undergo alterations impacting their function and appearance. This study explores the intertwined microbial cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), encompassing methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitrogen gas (N2) fluxes, to determine nutrient transformation processes between the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in the coastal ecosystems with brackish water. Water salinity negatively impacted denitrification, bacterial nitrification, N fixation, and n-DAMO processes, but did not significantly affect archaeal nitrification, COMAMMOX, DNRA, and ANAMMOX processes in the N cycle. Plant species age and biomass influenced CH4 and N2O emissions. The highest CH4 emissions were from old Spartina and mixed Spartina and Scirpus sites, while Phragmites sites emitted the most N2O. Nitrification and incomplete denitrification mainly governed N2O emissions depending on the environmental conditions and plants. The higher genetic potential of ANAMMOX reduced excessive N by converting it to N2 in the sites with higher average temperatures. The presence of plants led to a decrease in the N fixers' abundance. Plant biomass negatively affected methanogenetic mcrA genes. Microbes involved in n-DAMO processes helped mitigate CH4 emissions. Over 93 % of the total climate forcing came from CH4 emissions, except for the Chinese bare site where the climate forcing was negative, and for Phragmites sites, where almost 60 % of the climate forcing came from N2O emissions. Our findings indicate that nutrient cycles, CH4, and N2O fluxes in soils are context-dependent and influenced by environmental factors and vegetation. This underscores the need for empirical analysis of both C and N cycles at various levels (soil-plant-atmosphere) to understand how habitats or plants affect nutrient cycles and greenhouse gas emissions.

Management of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: State of the art and future directions.

Lung cancer is the second most common and the deadliest type of cancer worldwide. Clinically, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer; approximately one-third of affected patients have locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC, stage III NSCLC) at diagnosis. Because of its heterogeneity, LA-NSCLC often requires multidisciplinary assessment. Moreover, the prognosis of affected patients is much below satisfaction, and the efficacy of traditional therapeutic strategies has reached a plateau. With the emergence of targeted therapies and immunotherapies, as well as the continuous development of novel radiotherapies, we have entered an era of novel treatment paradigm for LA-NSCLC. Here, we reviewed the landscape of relevant therapeutic modalities, including adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and perioperative targeted and immune strategies in patients with resectable LA-NSCLC with/without oncogenic alterations; as well as novel combinations of chemoradiation and immunotherapy/targeted therapy in unresectable LA-NSCLC. We addressed the unresolved challenges that remain in the field, and examined future directions to optimize clinical management and increase the cure rate of LA-NSCLC.

Unveiling the nitrogen and phosphorus removal potential: Comparative analysis of three coastal wetland plant species in lab-scale constructed wetlands.

It is well accepted that tidal wetland vegetation performs a significant amount of water filtration for wetlands. However, there is currently little information on how various wetland plants remove nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and how they differ in their denitrification processes. This study compared and investigated the denitrification and phosphorus removal effects of three typical wetland plants in the Yangtze River estuary wetland (Phragmites australis, Spartina alterniflora, and Scirpus mariqueter), as well as their relevant mechanisms, using an experimental laboratory-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW). The results showed that all treatment groups with plants significantly reduced N pollutants as compared to the control group without plants. In comparison to S. mariqueter (77.2-83.2%), S. alterniflora and P. australis had a similar total nitrogen (TN)removal effectiveness of nearly 95%. With a removal effectiveness of over 99% for ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), P. australis outperformed S. alterniflora (95.6-96.8%) and S. mariqueter (94.6-96.5%). The removal of nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N)and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N)from wastewater was significantly enhanced by S. alterniflora compared to the other treatment groups. Across all treatment groups, the removal rate of PO43--P was greater than 95%. P. australis and S. alterniflora considerably enriched more 15N than S. mariqueter, according to the results of the 15N isotope labeling experiment. While the rhizosphere and bulk sediments of S. alterniflora were enriched with more simultaneous desulfurization-denitrification bacterial genera (such as Paracoccus, Sulfurovum, and Sulfurimonas), which have denitrification functions, the rhizosphere and bulk sediments of P. australis were enriched with more ammonia-oxidizing archaea and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. As a result, compared to the other plants, P. australis and S. alterniflora demonstrate substantially more significant ability to remove NH4+-N and NO2--N/NO3--N from simulated domestic wastewater.

Features of liver injury in 138 Chinese patients with NICCD.

OBJECTIVES: To find biochemical and molecular markers can assist in identifying serious liver damage of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) patients. METHODS: 138 patients under 13 days to 1.1 year old diagnosed of NICCD in our center from 2004 to 2020. Base on the abnormal liver laboratory tests, we divided 138 patients into three groups: acute liver failure (ALF), liver dysfunction, and non-liver dysfunction groups, then compared their clinical, biochemical and, molecular data. RESULTS: 96 % of 138 patients had high levels of citrulline and high ratio of threonine to serine, which is the distinctive feature of plasma amino acid profile for NICCD. A total of 18.1 % of 138 patients had evidence of ALF who presented the most severity hepatic damage, 51.5 % had liver dysfunction, and the remaining 30.4 % presented mild clinical symptoms (non-liver dysfunction). In ALF group, the levels of citrulline, tyrosine, TBIL, ALP, and γ-GT was significantly elevated, and the level of ALB and Fisher ratio was pronounced low. Homozygous mutations of 1,638_1660dup, IVS6+5G.A, or IVS16ins3kb in SLC25A13 gene were only found in ALF and liver dysfunction groups. Supportive treatment including medium-chain triglyceride supplemented diet and fresh frozen plasma could be life-saving and might reverse ALF. CONCLUSIONS: High level of citrulline, tyrosine, TBIL, ALP, γ-GT, and ammonia, low level of albumin, and low Fisher ratio were predictors to suggest severe liver damage in NICCD patients who may go on to develop fatal metabolic disorder. Early identification and proper therapy is particularly important for these patients.

Covalent organic framework-based immunosensor to detect plasma Latexin reveals novel biomarker for coronary artery diseases.

It is a great challenge to develop an efficient and rapid method to detect of biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. In this research, a differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)-based ultrasensitive immunosensor for the detection of plasma Latexin (LXN) has been established. With the aim to increase the surface area of the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE), multi-walled carbon nanotube-graphene oxide has been developed. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are dropped with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), secondary antibody and thionine (Thi-Ab2-Au-COFs) act as the signal probe with high electronic conductivity. Under the ideal conditions, the immunosensor displayed a broad linear response range from 0.01 ng mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1, with a detection limit of 50 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). The immunosensor also demonstrates outstanding sensitivity, repeatability, and stability. Finally, we utilized the designed immunosensor to detect plasma LXN in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, and the data showed that plasma LXN was significantly increased in CAD patients with a good performance of ROCAUC (AUC 0.871, 95 % CI 0.725-1.0, p = 0.002), indicating plasma LXN is a potential biomarker of cardiovascular disease. This immunosensor is a promising strategy for screening CAD patients in clinical practice.

Mapping trade-offs among key ecosystem functions in tidal marsh to inform spatial management policy for exotic Spartina alterniflora.

Invasive Spartina alterniflora has become a global management challenge in coastal wetlands. China has decided to eradicate it completely, but the high costs and its provision of beneficial ecosystem functions (EF, in the form of blue carbon and coastal protection) have raised concerns about its removal. Here, using the Yangtze Estuary as a case study, we explore a reasonable pathway of S. alterniflora management that balanced control of invasive species and EF. We simulated the spatial patterns of two key EF - blue carbon storage and wave attenuation - and identified appropriate zones for eradicating S. alterniflora based on their trade-offs. We observed contrasting patterns along the land-sea gradient for S. alterniflora community, with a decrease in blue carbon storage and an increase in wave attenuation. Notably, pioneer S. alterniflora near the foreshore displayed a high cluster of blue carbon storage (63.61 ± 7.33 Mg C ha-1) and dissipated nearly 70% of wave energy by a width of 163 m. The trade-offs between the two EF indicated that the eradication project should be implemented along the seawall rather than the foreshore. Even in the scenario of prioritized shore defense with the largest eradication zone, S. alterniflora still stored 43.1% more carbon (10.67 Gg C) compared to complete eradication and dissipated over 70% of wave energy in extreme events. Our study innovatively integrates eradication and reservation in S. alterniflora management, providing a sustainable and flexible spatial strategy that meets the needs of stakeholders.

MoS2-Thin Film Transistor Based Flexible 2T1C Driving Circuits for Active-Matrix Displays.

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors offer great potential as high-performance materials for thin film transistors (TFTs) in displays. Their thin, stable, and flexible nature, along with excellent electrical properties, makes them suitable for flexible displays. However, previous demonstrations lacked clear superiority in pixel resolution and TFT performance. Here we present the flexible 2T1C pixel driving circuit for active-matrix displays based on high-quality large-scale monolayer MoS2. A gate-first fabrication process was developed for flexible MoS2-TFTs, showing a remarkable carrier mobility (average at 52.8 cm2 V-1 s-1), high on/off ratio (average at 1.5 × 108), and negligible hysteresis. The driving current can be modulated by pulsed input voltages and demonstrates a stable and prompt response to both frequency and amplitude. We also demonstrated a 10 × 10 active-matrix with high resolution of 508 pixels per inch, exhibiting 100% yield and high uniformity. The driving circuit works well under bending up to ∼0.91% strain, highlighting its normal functions in flexible displays.

Coastal blue carbon in China as a nature-based solution toward carbon neutrality.

To achieve the Paris Agreement, China pledged to become "Carbon Neutral" by the 2060s. In addition to massive decarbonization, this would require significant changes in ecosystems toward negative CO2 emissions. The ability of coastal blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs), including mangrove, salt marsh, and seagrass meadows, to sequester large amounts of CO2 makes their conservation and restoration an important "nature-based solution (NbS)" for climate adaptation and mitigation. In this review, we examine how BCEs in China can contribute to climate mitigation. On the national scale, the BCEs in China store up to 118 Tg C across a total area of 1,440,377 ha, including over 75% as unvegetated tidal flats. The annual sedimental C burial of these BCEs reaches up to 2.06 Tg C year-1, of which most occurs in salt marshes and tidal flats. The lateral C flux of mangroves and salt marshes contributes to 1.17 Tg C year-1 along the Chinese coastline. Conservation and restoration of BCEs benefit climate change mitigation and provide other ecological services with a value of $32,000 ha-1 year-1. The potential practices and technologies that can be implemented in China to improve BCE C sequestration, including their constraints and feasibility, are also outlined. Future directions are suggested to improve blue carbon estimates on aerial extent, carbon stocks, sequestration, and mitigation potential. Restoring and preserving BCEs would be a cost-effective step to achieve Carbon Neutral by 2060 in China despite various barriers that should be removed.