Comparison of totally robotic and totally laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a propensity score matching analysis.

BACKGROUND: With the improvements in laparoscopic or robotic surgical techniques and instruments, a growing number of surgeons have attempted to complete all digestive tract reconstruction intracorporeally; these procedures include totally robotic gastrectomy (TRG) and totally laparoscopic gastrectomy (TLG). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the TRG and compare the short-term outcomes of the TRG and TLG in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS: Between January 2018 and June 2023, 346 consecutive patients who underwent TRG or TLG at a high-volume academic gastric cancer specialty center were included. 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce confounding bias. The surgical outcomes, postoperative morbidity, and surgical burden were compared in PSM cohort. RESULTS: After PSM, a well-balanced cohort of 194 patients (97 in each group) was included in the analysis. The total operation time of the TRG group was significantly longer than that of the TLG group (244.9 vs. 213.0 min, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the effective operation time between the 2 groups (217.8 vs. 207.2 min, P = 0.059). The digestive tract reconstruction time of the TRG group was significantly shorter than that of the TLG group (39.4 vs. 46.7 min, P < 0.001). The mean blood loss in the TRG group was less than that in the TLG group (101.1 vs. 126.8 mL, P = 0.014). The TRG group had more retrieved lymph nodes in the suprapancreatic area than that in the TLG group (16.6 vs 14.2, P = 0.002). The TRG group had a lower surgery task load index (38.9 vs. 43.1, P < 0.001) than the TLG group. No significant difference was found in terms of postoperative morbidity between the 2 groups (14.4% vs. 16.5%, P = 0.691). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that TRG is a safe and feasible procedure, and is preferable to TLG in terms of invasion and ergonomics. The TRG may maximize the superiority of robotic surgical systems and embodies the theory of minimally invasive surgery.

MEG3 in hematologic malignancies: from the role of disease biomarker to therapeutic target.

Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a noncoding RNA that is known as a tumor suppressor in solid cancers. Recently, a line of studies has emphasized its potential role in hematological malignancies in terms of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Similar to solid cancers, MEG3 can regulate various cancer hallmarks via sponging miRNA, transcriptional, or posttranslational regulation mechanisms, but may regulate different key elements. In contrast with solid cancers, in some subtypes of leukemia, MEG3 has been found to be upregulated and oncogenic. In this review, we systematically describe the role and underlying mechanisms of MEG3 in multiple types of hematological malignancies. Particularly, we highlight the role of MEG3 in drug resistance and as a novel therapeutic target.

Pan-cancer single-cell landscape of drug-metabolizing enzyme genes.

OBJECTIVE: Varied expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DME) genes dictates the intensity and duration of drug response in cancer treatment. This study aimed to investigate the transcriptional profile of DMEs in tumor microenvironment (TME) at single-cell level and their impact on individual responses to anticancer therapy. METHODS: Over 1.3 million cells from 481 normal/tumor samples across 9 solid cancer types were integrated to profile changes in the expression of DME genes. A ridge regression model based on the PRISM database was constructed to predict the influence of DME gene expression on drug sensitivity. RESULTS: Distinct expression patterns of DME genes were revealed at single-cell resolution across different cancer types. Several DME genes were highly enriched in epithelial cells (e.g. GPX2, TST and CYP3A5) or different TME components (e.g. CYP4F3 in monocytes). Particularly, GPX2 and TST were differentially expressed in epithelial cells from tumor samples compared to those from normal samples. Utilizing the PRISM database, we found that elevated expression of GPX2, CYP3A5 and reduced expression of TST was linked to enhanced sensitivity of particular chemo-drugs (e.g. gemcitabine, daunorubicin, dasatinib, vincristine, paclitaxel and oxaliplatin). CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the varied expression pattern of DME genes in cancer cells and TME components, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for selecting appropriate chemotherapy agents.

Morphology and transverse alignment of the patella have no effect on knee gait characteristics in healthy Chinese adults over the age of 40 years.

Background: The influence of patella morphology and horizontal alignment on knee joint kinematics and kinetics remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess patella morphology and transverse alignment in relation to knee kinetics and kinematics in individuals without knee conditions. A secondary objective was to investigate the impact of femur and tibia alignment and shape on knee gait within this population. Patients and methods: We conducted a prospective collection of data, including full-leg anteroposterior and skyline X-ray views and three-dimensional gait data, from a cohort comprising 54 healthy individuals aged 40 years and older. Our study involved correlation and logistic regression analyses to examine the influence of patella, femur, and tibia morphology and alignment on knee gait. Results: The patellar tilt angle or the patella index did not show any significant relationships with different aspects of gait in the knee joint, such as velocity, angle, or moment (p > 0.05, respectively). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that the tibiofemoral angle and the Q angle both had a significant effect on the adduction angle (OR = 1.330, 95%CI 1.033-1.711, p = 0.027; OR = 0.475, 95%CI 0.285-0.792, p = 0.04; respectively). The primary variable influencing the knee adduction moment was the tibiofemoral angle (OR = 1.526, 95% CI 1.125-2.069, p = 0.007). Conclusion: In healthy Chinese individuals aged over 40, patella morphology and transverse alignment do not impact knee gait. However, the femoral-tibial angle has a big impact on the knee adduction moment.

Corrigendum: Radiomic machine learning and external validation based on 3.0T mpMRI for prediction of intraductal carcinoma of prostate with different proportion.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.934291.].

Swept coded aperture real-time femtophotography.

Single-shot real-time femtophotography is indispensable for imaging ultrafast dynamics during their times of occurrence. Despite their advantages over conventional multi-shot approaches, existing techniques confront restricted imaging speed or degraded data quality by the deployed optoelectronic devices and face challenges in the application scope and acquisition accuracy. They are also hindered by the limitations in the acquirable information imposed by the sensing models. Here, we overcome these challenges by developing swept coded aperture real-time femtophotography (SCARF). This computational imaging modality enables all-optical ultrafast sweeping of a static coded aperture during the recording of an ultrafast event, bringing full-sequence encoding of up to 156.3 THz to every pixel on a CCD camera. We demonstrate SCARF's single-shot ultrafast imaging ability at tunable frame rates and spatial scales in both reflection and transmission modes. Using SCARF, we image ultrafast absorption in a semiconductor and ultrafast demagnetization of a metal alloy.

Qualitative and Quantitative Measures in the Infrapatellar Fat Pad in Older Adults: Associations with Knee Pain, Radiographic Osteoarthritis, Kinematics, and Kinetics of the Knee.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to delineate cross-sectional associations between qualitative and quantitative measures of the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) and knee symptoms, structure, kinematics, and kinetics in older adults. METHODS: Ninety eligible subjects (90 knees, mean age 54.0 years, 68.9% female) were examined at our center. We used T2-weighted fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate signal intensity alteration, maximum sagittal area, and depth of the IPFP. Symptomatic osteoarthritis (SOA) was a pain subscale score greater than 0 on the Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index. A Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 2 identified incident radiographic osteoarthritis (iROA). Three-dimensional gait data were employed to analyze knee joint kinematics and kinetics. Correlation and regression analyzes assessed associations between IPFP measurements and SOA, iROA, kinematics, and kinetics. RESULTS: There were strong and positive associations between IPFP signal intensity alteration and both SOA and iROA in multivariable regression analyzes [OR (95% CI): 2.849 (1.440 to 5.636), 2.356 (1.236 to 4.492), respectively]. Conversely, a significant negative correlation was observed between IPFP maximum area and flexion angle [B (95%CI): - 1.557 (-2.549 to -0.564)]. Moreover, adjusting for covariates did not reveal any significant correlation between IPFP parameters and other indicators (P > 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: IPFP signal intensity alteration and area were associated with knee clinical symptoms, structural abnormalities, and flexion angle in adults over 40, respectively. These findings suggest that IPFP may be a crucial imaging biomarker in early and middle knee osteoarthritis.

260 fs, 403 W coherently combined fiber laser with precise high-order dispersion management.

An ultrafast fiber laser system comprising two coherently combined amplifier channels is reported. Within this system, each channel incorporates a rod-type fiber power amplifier, with individual operations reaching approximately 233 W. The active-locking of these coherently combined channels, followed by compression using gratings, yields an output with a pulse energy of 504 µJ and an average power of 403 W. Exceptional stability is maintained, with a 0.3% root mean square (RMS) deviation and a beam quality factor M2 < 1.2. Notably, precise dispersion management of the front-end seed light effectively compensates for the accumulated high-order dispersion in subsequent amplification stages. This strategic approach results in a significant reduction in the final output pulse duration for the coherently combined laser beam, reducing it from 488 to 260 fs after the gratings compressor, while concurrently enhancing the energy of the primary peak from 65% to 92%.

Long-term oncological outcomes of robotic versus laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: multicentre cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this multicentre cohort study was to compare the long-term oncological outcomes of robotic gastrectomy (RG) and laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for patients with gastric cancer. METHODS: Patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy by robotic or laparoscopic approaches from 1 March 2010 to 31 December 2018 at 10 high-volume centres in China were selected from institutional databases. Patients receiving RG were matched 1 : 1 by propensity score with patients undergoing LG. The primary outcome was 3-year disease-free survival. Secondary outcomes were overall survival and disease recurrence. RESULTS: Some 2055 patients who underwent RG and 4309 patients who had LG were included. The propensity score-matched cohort comprised 2026 RGs and 2026 LGs. Median follow-up was 41 (i.q.r. 39-58) months for the RG group and 39 (38-56) months for the LG group. The 3-year disease-free survival rates were 80.8% in the RG group and 79.5% in the LG group (log rank P = 0.240; HR 0.92, 95% c.i. 0.80 to 1.06; P = 0.242). Three-year OS rates were 83.9 and 81.8% respectively (log rank P = 0.068; HR 0.87, 0.75 to 1.01; P = 0.068) and the cumulative incidence of recurrence over 3 years was 19.3% versus 20.8% (HR 0.95, 0.88 to 1.03; P = 0.219), with no difference between groups. CONCLUSION: RG and LG in patients with gastric cancer are associated with comparable disease-free and overall survival.

Tumor-infiltrating mast cells stimulate ICOS+ regulatory T cells through an IL-33 and IL-2 axis to promote gastric cancer progression.

INTRODUCTION: In solid tumors, regulatory T cell (Treg) and mast cell perform different roles depending on the microenvironment. Nevertheless, mast cell and Treg-mediated interactions in gastric cancer (GC) are unclear, as are their regulation, function, and clinical significance. OBJECTIVE: The present study demonstrated the mechanism of tumor-infiltrating mast cells stimulating ICOS+ regulatory T cells via the IL-33/IL-2 axis to promote the growth of gastric cancer. METHODS: Analyses of 98 patients with GC were conducted to examine mast cell counts, ICOS+ Tregs, and the levels of IL-33 or IL-2. Isolated ICOS+ Treg and CD8+ T cell were stimulated, cultured and tested for their functional abilities in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: GC patients exhibited a significantly more production of IL-33 in tumors. Mast cell stimulated by tumor-derived IL-33 exhibited a prolonged lifespan through IL-33 mediated inhibition of apoptosis. Moreover, mast cells stimulated by tumor-derived IL-33 secreted IL-2, which induced Treg expansion. These inducible Tregs displayed an activated immunosuppressive phenotype with positive expression for the inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS). In vitro, IL-2 from IL to 33-stimulated mast cells induced increased numbers of ICOS+ Tregs with increased immunosuppressive activity against proliferation and effector function of CD8+ T cell. In vivo, ICOS+ Tregs were treated with anti-IL-2 neutralizing antibody followed by co-injection with CD8+ T cells in GC mouse model, which showed an increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and effector molecules production, meanwhile tumor growth and progression were inhibited. Besides, reduction in GC patient survival was associated with tumor-derived ICOS+ Tregs. CONCLUSION: Our results highlight a crosstalk between GC-infiltrating mast cells and ICOS+ Tregs and provide a novel mechanism describing ICOS+ Treg expansion and induction by an IL-33/mast cell/IL-2 signaling axis in GC, and also provide functional evidence that the modulation of this immunosuppressive pathway can attenuate GC-mediated immune tolerance.

Single-shot observation of nonlinear pulse splitting in a Kerr medium.

We report single-shot, time-resolved observation of self-steepening and temporal splitting of near-infrared, 50 fs, micro-joule pulses propagating nonlinearly in flint (SF11) glass. A coherent, smooth-profiled, 60-nm-bandwidth probe pulse that propagated obliquely to the main pulse through the Kerr medium recorded a time sequence of longitudinal projections of the main pulse's induced refractive index profile in the form of a phase-shift "streak," in which frequency-domain interferometry recovered with ∼10 fs temporal resolution. A three-dimensional simulation based on a unidirectional pulse propagation equation reproduced observed pulse profiles.

Meta-analysis of the hazards of microplastics in freshwaters using species sensitivity distributions.

The environmental hazards of microplastics have raised concerns about their potential ecological risks. However, our understanding of the true risks may be limited because most laboratory studies used pristine microplastics. Here, we analyzed the available literature about ecotoxicological effects of microplastics, including weathered microplastics in particular, on freshwater biota and performed probabilistic species sensitivity distributions. The predicted no-effect concentrations for pristine microplastics were lower than those for weathered microplastics, both in mass concentration (6.1 and 4.8 × 102 µg/L) and number concentration (2.6 × 104 and 2.0 × 106 part/m3). In addition, the toxicological studies on microplastics contains often inconsistent and inconclusive information due to the complexity of the microplastics and the employed exposure conditions. The available data for Daphnia magna and Danio rerio was analyzed in detail to understand the effects of microplastic size, shape and polymer type on their ecotoxicity. Microplastic size was the biggest driving factor, followed by shape and polymer type. There was a tendency for increasing toxicity with smaller size, however, a high variability of effect data was observed for small microplastics. This study provided further insights into the effect thresholds for ecological risk assessment of microplastics and the effects of microplastic characteristics on toxicity.

Temporal resolution of ultrafast compressive imaging using a single-chirped optical probe.

Ultrafast compressive imaging captures three-dimensional spatiotemporal information of transient events in a single shot. When a single-chirped optical probe is applied, the temporal information is obtained from the probe modulated in amplitude or phase using a direct frequency-time mapping method. Here, we extend the analysis of the temporal resolution of conventional one-dimensional ultrafast measurement techniques such as spectral interferometry to that in three-dimensional ultrafast compressive imaging. In this way, both the amplitude and phase of the probe are necessary for a full Fourier transform method, which obtains temporal information with an improved resolution determined by probe spectral bandwidth. The improved temporal resolution potentially enables ultrafast compressive imaging with an effective imaging speed at the quadrillion-frames-per-second level.

[Mechanism of Qilongtian Capsules in treatment of acute lung injury based on network pharmacology prediction and experimental validation].

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Qilongtian Capsules in treating acute lung injury(ALI) based on network pharmacology prediction and in vitro experimental validation. Firstly, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to analyze the main chemical components of Qilongtian Capsules, and related databases were used to obtain its action targets and ALI disease targets. STRING database was used to build a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network. Metascape database was used to conduct enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG). AutoDock software was used to perform molecular docking verification on the main active components and key targets. Then, the RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) for in vitro experiments. Cell viability was measured by MTT and ROS level was measured by DCFH-DA. NO content was measured by Griess assay, and IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. The predicted targets were preliminarily verified by investigating the effect of Qilongtian Capsules on downstream cytokines. Eighty-four compounds were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Through database retrieval, 44 active components with 589 target genes were screened out. There were 560 ALI disease targets, and 65 intersection targets. PPI network topology analysis revealed 10 core targets related to ALI, including STAT3, JUN, VEGFA, CASP3, and MMP9. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that Qilongtian Capsules mainly exerted an anti-ALI effect by regulating cancer pathway, AGE-RAGE, MAPK, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that the main active components in Qilongtian Capsules, including crenulatin, ginsenoside F_1, ginsenoside Rb_1, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rg_1, ginsenoside Rg_3, notoginsenoside Fe, notoginsenoside G, notoginsenoside R_1, notoginsenoside R_2, and notoginsenoside R_3, had good binding affinities with the corresponding protein targets STAT3, JUN, VEGFA, CASP3, and MMP9. Cellular experiments showed that Qilongtian Capsules at 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg·mL~(-1) reduced the release of NO, while Qilongtian Capsules at 0.25 and 0.5 mg·mL~(-1) reduced ROS production, down-regulated mRNA expression of IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, and inhibited the inflammatory cascade. In summary, Qilongtian Capsules may exert therapeutic effects on ALI through multiple components and targets.

The role of segmental bioelectrical impedance technique in the assessment of intraperitoneal ultrafiltration volume with peritoneal dialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of segmental bioelectrical impedance technique (SBIA) in the assessment of intraperitoneal ultrafiltration volume with peritoneal dialysis patients. METHOD: We selected the patients at the Department of Nephrology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and measured the segmental bioelectrical impedance by a German Fresenius body composition analyzer (the Fresenius whole body composition measurement (BCM) machine was used as a segmental machine in this study). An alternating current (5 kHz, 0.05-0.7 mA) was continuously released during the measurement. The released current penetrated the peritoneal cavity on both sides of the body, from which the segmental resistance at a frequency of 5 kHz was obtained from the multifrequency data (R5/Ω). Baseline BIA measurements were initiated after the patient entered the supine position for 5-10 min, then dialysate was instilled into the peritoneal cavity. BIA measurements were performed at 10-min intervals during the retention of dialysate in the abdomen and finally ended when dialysate drainage was complete. Real-time intraperitoneal volume estimated by SBIA (IPVSBIA)and ultrafiltration volume estimated by SBIA(UFVSBIA) was calculated. At the same time, the actual ultrafiltration volume at the end of peritoneal dialysis was weighed and measured (UFVMEA). RESULTS: A total of 30 patients were included in the study, 9 patients withdrew from the study due to subjective factors during the measurement process, and 21 patients completed the study. The correlation coefficient R2 of UFVSBIA and UFVMEA was 0.21 (p < 0.05). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the bias of UFVSBIA to the actual UFVMEA was 0.12 L, and the 95% agreement limit was between -0.5 L and 0.74 L, which confirmed that UFVSBIA measured by electrical impedance method and UFVMEA measured by weighing method were in good agreement. The time required to reach the maximum ultrafiltration volume (UFVSBIA) was 108 ± 68 min, and the mean value of the maximum ultrafiltration volume (Max UFVSBIA) was 1.16 ± 0.60 L. CONCLUSION: The segmental bioelectrical impedance technique can be used to assess the intraperitoneal ultrafiltration volume of peritoneal dialysis patients in real-time and effectively. This method may guide the dialysis fluid retention time and the maximum ultrafiltration volume in PD patients.

Exploring the optimal impact force for chronic skeletal muscle injury induced by drop-mass technique in rats.

Introduction: Skeletal muscle injuries are widespread in sports, traffic accidents and natural disasters and some of them with poor prognoses can lead to chronic skeletal muscle damage in the clinic. We induced a chronic skeletal muscle injury by controlling time and contusion force using an acute blunt trauma model that will help us better comprehend the pathological features of chronic skeletal muscle injury. Methods: Several levels of injury were induced by repeatedly striking in 5, 10, and 15 times the gastrocnemius muscle from the same height with 200 g weights. After injury, the markers of muscle injury were assessed at 2 and 4 weeks by serum elisa. Electron microscopy, histologic and immunohistochemical staining, and mRNA analysis were used to evaluate the ultrastructure, inflammation, extracellular matrix decomposition, and anabolism of injured muscle in 2 and 4 weeks. Results: All three different kinetic energies can result in skeletal muscle injuries. However, the injured skeletal muscles of rats in each group could not recover within 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, tissue self-repair and reconstruction caused the damage induced by 5 J kinetic energy to almost return to normal. In contrast, damage induced by 10 J kinetic energy displayed slight improvement compared to that at 2 weeks. Despite this, collagen fibers on the surface of the tissue were disorganized, directionally ambiguous, and intertwined with each other. Myofilaments within the tissue were also arranged disorderly, with blurry and broken Z-lines. Damage caused by 15 J kinetic energy was the most severe and displayed no improvements at 4 weeks compared to 2 weeks. At 4 weeks, IL-1ß, IL-6, Collagen I, and Collagen III, MMP2 expressions in the 10 J group were lower than those at 2 weeks, showing a tendency towards injury stabilization. Conclusion: After 4 weeks of remodeling and repair, the acute skeletal muscle injury model induced by 10 J kinetic energy can stabilize pathological manifestations, inflammatory expression, and extracellular matrix synthesis and catabolism, making it an appropriate model for studying chronic skeletal muscle injuries caused by acute injury.

The potential mechanism of Choulingdan mixture in improving acute lung injury based on HPLC-Q-TOF-MS, network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.

Choulingdan mixture (CLDM) is an empirical clinical prescription for the adjuvant treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). CLDM has been used for almost 30 years in the clinic. However, its mechanism for improving ALI still needs to be investigated. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was applied to characterize the overall chemical composition of CLDM. A total of 93 ingredients were characterized, including 25 flavonoids, 20 organic acids, 11 saponins, nine terpenoids, seven tannins and 21 other compounds. Then network pharmacology was applied to predict the potential bioactive components, target genes and signaling pathways of CLDM in improving ALI. Additionally, molecular docking was performed to demonstrate the interaction between the active ingredients and the disease targets. Finally, animal experiments further confirmed that CLDM significantly inhibits pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary edema and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI mice by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. This study enhanced the amount and accuracy of compounds of CLDM and provided new insights into CLDM preventing and treating ALI.

[Systematic review and Meta-analysis of Gusongbao preparation in treatment of primary osteoporosis].

This study aims to provide evidence for clinical practice by systematically reviewing the efficacy and safety of Gusongbao preparation in the treatment of primary osteoporosis(POP). The relevant papers were retrieved from four Chinese academic journal databases and four English academic journal databases(from inception to May 31, 2022). The randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Gusongbao preparation in the treatment of POP was included after screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of articles was evaluated using risk assessment tools, and the extracted data were subjected to Meta-analysis in RevMan 5.3. A total of 657 articles were retrieved, in which 15 articles were included in this study, which involved 16 RCTs. A total of 3 292 patients(1 071 in the observation group and 2 221 in the control group) were included in this study. In the treatment of POP, Gusongbao preparation+conventional treatment was superior to conventional treatment alone in terms of increasing lumbar spine(L2-L4) bone mineral density(MD=0.03, 95%CI[0.02, 0.04], P<0.000 01) and femoral neck bone mineral density, reducing low back pain(MD=-1.69, 95%CI[-2.46,-0.92], P<0.000 1) and improving clinical efficacy(RR=1.36, 95%CI[1.21, 1.53], P<0.000 01). Gusongbao preparation was comparable to similar Chinese patent medicines in terms of improving clinical efficacy(RR=0.95, 95%CI[0.86, 1.04], P=0.23). Gusongbao preparation was inferior to similar Chinese patent medicines in reducing traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores(MD=1.08, 95%CI[0.44, 1.71], P=0.000 9) and improving Chinese medicine syndrome efficacy(RR=0.89, 95%CI[0.83, 0.95], P=0.000 4). The incidence of adverse reactions of Gusongbao preparation alone or combined with conventio-nal treatment was comparable to that of similar Chinese patent medicines(RR=0.98, 95%CI[0.57, 1.69], P=0.94) or conventio-nal treatment(RR=0.73, 95%CI[0.38, 1.42], P=0.35), and the adverse reactions were mainly gastrointestinal discomforts. According to the available data, Gusongbao preparation combined with conventional treatment is more effective than conventional treatment alone in increasing lumbar spine(L2-L4) bone mineral density and femoral neck bone mineral density, reducing low back pain, and improving clinical efficacy. The adverse reactions of Gusongbao preparation were mainly gastrointestinal discomforts, which were mild.

Generalized central slice theorem perspective on Fourier-transform spectral imaging at a sub-Nyquist sampling rate.

Fourier-transform spectral imaging captures frequency-resolved images with high spectral resolution, broad spectral range, high photon flux, and low stray light. In this technique, spectral information is resolved by taking Fourier transformation of the interference signals of two copies of the incident light at different time delays. The time delay should be scanned at a high sampling rate beyond the Nyquist limit to avoid aliasing, at the price of low measurement efficiency and stringent requirements on motion control for time delay scan. Here we propose, what we believe to be, a new perspective on Fourier-transform spectral imaging based on a generalized central slice theorem analogous to computerized tomography, using an angularly dispersive optics decouples measurements of the spectral envelope and the central frequency. Thus, as the central frequency is directly determined by the angular dispersion, the smooth spectral-spatial intensity envelope is reconstructed from interferograms measured at a sub-Nyquist time delay sampling rate. This perspective enables high-efficiency hyperspectral imaging and even spatiotemporal optical field characterization of femtosecond laser pulses without a loss of spectral and spatial resolutions.

Long-term oncologic and surgical outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic gastrectomy for Siewert II/III esophagogastric junction carcinoma: A propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the short-term surgical and long-term survival outcomes after robotic gastrectomy (RG) or laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for patients with Siewert type II and III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 84 and 312 patients with Siewert type II/III AEG who underwent RG or LG between January 2005 and September 2016 in our center. We performed a 1:2 matched propensity score matching (PSM) analysis between the RG and LG group for clinical features to reduce confounding bias. Additionally, the long- and short-term outcomes between the RG and LG group were compared. RESULTS: The clinicopathological characteristics of 246 patients (RG group: n = 82; LG group: n = 164) were well balanced after PSM. Patients in the RG group showed less estimated blood loss, less time to first flatus, less time to first ambulation, less drainage tube removed time, and retrieved more lymph nodes than the LG group. The overall complication rate was comparable between the RG and LG groups. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 44.4% in the RG group and 43.7% in the LG group (p = 0.898). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 43.2% in the RG group and 43.2% in the LG group (p = 0.990). The RG and LG groups exhibited a similar recurrence rate and pattern within 5 years after surgery. CONCLUSION: Robotic gastrectomy could be a feasible and safe option for patients with Siewert II/III AEG in terms of surgical and oncologic outcomes.