Subject(s)
Phenylalanine/blood , Proteinuria/blood , Tyrosine/blood , Adolescent , Blood Specimen Collection , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Decreased turnover of thyroid indices and blunting of TSH release after TRH administration has been associated with depressive disorder. A further decrease in plasma thyroid hormone; during antidepressant treatment has been reported. However, the putative association between the plasma thyroid indices' concentration and response has not been addressed. In the present study 21 depressed inpatients underwent a four-week double blind antidepressant with amitriptyline and mianserin; their plasma thyroid hormone indices (total thyroxine [TT4], free thyroxine [FT4], total triiodothyronine [TT3], free triiodothyronine [FT3], thyrotropin [TSH], and thyroglobulin [TBG]) were quantified to elucidate their involvement in depression and during antidepressant drug treatment. Depressed patients' plasma TSH, when corrected for age, was significantly lower than that of healthy subjects. During antidepressant treatment the entire patient cohort showed a significant decrease in plasma TT4 and FT4 concentrations. Responders showed a significant drop in TT4 FT4, FT3, and T4/TBG, but nonresponders only a decrease in FT4. During mianserin treatment, a decrease was observed in TT4, FT4, FT3, and T4/TBG. FT4 and FT3 baseline levels correlated positively with the improvement in the Hamilton Depression Rating Score (HDRS). These findings show that depressed inpatients' serum TSH levels are within the reference range, but significantly lower than those of healthy subjects, and those patients who turn out to be nonresponders have potentially lower availability of thyroid hormones than responders. Therefore, we hypothesize that in order to assure clinical improvement in depression, an adequate capacity of the thyroid hormone pool is necessary to compensate for the additional antidepressant-provoked decrease in serum thyroid hormone availability.
Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Depressive Disorder/blood , Depressive Disorder/drug therapy , Thyroid Hormones/blood , Adult , Amitriptyline/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Mianserin/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Thyroid Function Tests , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Concentrations of free thyroxine (n = 225, male = 124, female = 101) and free triiodothyronine (n = 60, male = 35, female = 25) were determined using the luminescence enhanced enzyme immunoassay methods Amerlite FT4/MAB-FT4 and Amerlite FT3/MAB-FT3 in blood-serum of children. In contrast to the excellent agreement of the results between the Amerlite FT4 and MAB-FT4 method, a significant difference was found between the Amerlite FT3 and MAB-FT3 results. Therefore it was necessary to establish new reference ranges for the MAB-FT3 method in childhood (cord blood = 50, n = 272, male = 183, female = 89).
Subject(s)
Immunoenzyme Techniques , Thyroxine/blood , Triiodothyronine/blood , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Fetal Blood/metabolism , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Predictive Value of Tests , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
In antiepileptic treated adults a decrease of serum uric acid concentration was reported. In contrast to these findings we did not find a general decrease of uric acid concentration in 233 studied epileptic children and juveniles treated with antiepileptic drugs. But we found a significant decrease of uric acid concentration in epileptic children and juveniles treated with carbamazepine in monotherapy as well as in combined treatment. Rather increased uric acid serum concentration were found in primidone and valproate monotherapy. In the studied age groups only carbamazepine seems to be able to diminish uric acid concentration. The underlying mechanisms are unknown.
Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Uric Acid/blood , Adolescent , Child , Drug Therapy, Combination , Epilepsy/blood , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The ferritin and iron concentration were compared in sera from capillary and venous blood (n = 52). Ferritin was determined using a luminescence-enhanced enzyme immunoassay and iron by the ferrozine method. The results showed a very good correlation and a linear relationship for ferritin (r = 0.999) but not for iron (r = 0.855). It is concluded that capillary blood serum can be used only for the determination of ferritin.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Hypochromic/diagnosis , Ferritins/blood , Iron/blood , Adolescent , Adult , Anemia, Hypochromic/blood , Capillaries , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Reference Values , VeinsABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Age specific IgE reference values were determined in serum of 224 children by the aid of the ImmunoCAP fluorescence enzyme immunoassay method. RESULTS: Cord blood: less than 0.35 kU/l; Till 0.5 year: less than 2.0 kU/l; 0.5-2 years: up to 3.8 kU/l; 2-5 years: up to 16.0 kU/l; 5-8 years: up to 26.2 kU/l; 8-12 years: up to 34.6 kU/l; 12-16 years: up to 26.3 kU/l. These IgE reference values can be used for the diagnosis of pathological elevated IgE concentrations in serum of children.
Subject(s)
Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin E/analysis , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Hypersensitivity/immunology , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Radioallergosorbent Test , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Concentrations of free amino acids were determined quantitatively by ion exchange column chromatography in serum from capillary and venous blood of children and adolescents with phenylketonuria (n = 38) and leucinosis (n = 3). Serum was deproteinised by 5% sulphosalicylic acid (1:1, v/v). The results showed with exception of aspartic acid, glutamine and glutamic acid a very close correlation. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.849 to 0.996. It is concluded that serum from capillary blood can be used for screening of amino acid metabolism.
Subject(s)
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/blood , Amino Acids/blood , Leucine/blood , Phenylketonurias/blood , Adolescent , Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis , Capillaries , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Phenylketonurias/diagnosis , VeinsSubject(s)
Arteriosclerosis/genetics , Heterozygote , Homocystinuria/genetics , Homozygote , Arteriosclerosis/diagnosis , Arteriosclerosis/epidemiology , Arteriosclerosis/etiology , Homocystine/metabolism , Homocystinuria/complications , Homocystinuria/diagnosis , Homocystinuria/epidemiology , Humans , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Vascular Diseases/diagnosis , Vascular Diseases/epidemiology , Vascular Diseases/etiology , Vascular Diseases/geneticsABSTRACT
Physiological concentrations of FT3, TT3, FT4, TT4, TSH and TBG were determined using the luminescence enhanced enzyme immunoassay method in cord blood serum (n = 100). The results are presented in Table 1.
Subject(s)
Fetal Blood/chemistry , Thyroid Hormones/blood , Thyroxine-Binding Proteins/chemistry , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Infant, Newborn , Luminescent Measurements , Reference Values , Thyroxine/blood , Triiodothyronine/bloodABSTRACT
The thyrotropin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentration was compared in sera from capillary and venous blood (n = 50) using a luminescence-enhanced enzyme immuno assay. The results showed a good correlation (TSH, r = 0.991, TT4, r = 0.988, TT3, r = 0.975) and a linear relationship. It is concluded that serum of capillary blood can be used for the in vitro diagnosis of thyroid function.
Subject(s)
Goiter, Endemic/blood , Goiter, Endemic/diagnosis , Thyroid Function Tests/methods , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood , Triiodothyronine/blood , Adolescent , Capillaries , Child , Female , Germany , Humans , Male , VeinsABSTRACT
In 73 healthy (group I) and 32 children and juveniles with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, group II) urinary albumin excretion is determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and kinetic nephelometry. Intention of the study is to examine, if the kinetic nephelometry is--as observed in adults--a suitable method also in children and juveniles to detect microalbuminuria (greater than 30 mg/d). In both groups albumin excretion is observed in every urine sample when measured by RIA. Because of it's higher threshold kinetic nephelometry detects albumin excretion only in a part of the urine samples. The correlation between the two methods is very high (r = 0.905, p less than 0.001, n = 174). So kinetic nephelometry is not suitable to determine reference values. But as a faster and possibly more specific method than RIA nephelometry is a very effective way for a screening of microalbuminuria also in children and juveniles.
Subject(s)
Albuminuria/urine , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/urine , Nephelometry and Turbidimetry , Radioimmunoassay , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Reference Values , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The Hico-Bilimeter A 700 is a simple filter photometer for the determination of total bilirubin in neonatal serum, reading the absorbance of the undiluted sample at two wavelengths. Precision of the measurements is good, with linearity acceptable up to a concentration of 18 mg/dl. Compared to the values obtained with the reference method the results below 18 mg/dl are 16% too high on average; above 18 mg/dl the scatter of results is markedly increased. Even a moderate hemolysis shows a distinct influence on the measurements. Using the instrument tested no reliable results could be obtained, especially in hemolytic samples.
Subject(s)
Bilirubin/blood , Jaundice, Neonatal/blood , Jaundice, Neonatal/diagnosis , Spectrophotometry/instrumentation , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
In 73 healthy (group I) and 32 children and juveniles with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, group II) urinary albumin excretion is determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In both groups albumin excretion is observed in every urine sample when measured by RIA (mean +/- SD: group I: 7-19 h: 5.17 +/- 5.28 mg, 19-7 h: 3.86 +/- 4.00 mg, 24 h: 9.03 +/- 8.60 mg; group II: 7-19 h: 6.68 +/- 6.86 mg, 19-7 h: 3.46 +/- 2.82 mg, 24 h: 10.13 +/- 9.25 mg). No significant difference is detected between the values of the two groups. However in diabetic patients a significant difference is observed between diurnal and nocturnal urinary albumin excretion. Microalbuminuria is defined as an albumin excretion above 30 mg/d and is present in 6.9% of the values in group I and in 3.1% in group II. The physiological limits of microalbuminuria in children and juveniles compared to adults and several methods of urine sampling are discussed.
Subject(s)
Albuminuria/urine , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/urine , Adolescent , Aging/physiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Circadian Rhythm , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male , Nephelometry and Turbidimetry , RadioimmunoassayABSTRACT
The determination of fructosamine in serum of healthy newborns, children and adolescents by a new colorimetric method leads to an age-dependent reference range. Correction of the values for total protein yields a median of the results, which is not dependent on age and the upper limit of the reference range is not significantly different from that of healthy adults; this does not hold true for referral to albumin. As the half-life time of glycated serum proteins is shorter (mean 20 days) than that of hemoglobin A1c, fructosamine can provide useful additional informations about the diabetic control of children and adolescents (medium-term record of blood glucose).
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood , Hexosamines/blood , Adolescent , Aging/blood , Blood Glucose/analysis , Child , Child, Preschool , Colorimetry/methods , Fructosamine , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Concentrations of free thyroxine (n = 296, male 164, female = 132), free triiodothyronine (n = 273, male 156, female = 117) and thyroxine-binding globulin (n = 273, male 156, female = 117) were determined using the luminescence enhanced enzyme immunoassay method in blood-serum of euthyroid children. Beyond the 30, day of life no significant differences were found in different age groups for the free thyroxine and beyond the 2, day of life for the free triiodothyronine concentration. The free thyroxine values of the infants in the range of 15-39 pg/ml decreased to the range of 9-18.5 pg/ml and the free triiodothyronine values decreased from 3.4-9.3 pg/ml to the range of 2.8-6.5 pg/ml. The values for thyroxine-binding globulin increased in the first month of life up to the range of 18-35 mg/l and decreased afterwards continuously to the range of 14.5-26.5 mg/l.
Subject(s)
Thyroxine-Binding Proteins/analysis , Thyroxine/blood , Triiodothyronine/blood , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Free amino acids were determined quantitatively by ion exchange column chromatography in 24 h urine of 354 (male = 187, female = 167) "healthy" infants, children and adolescents. Urine was deproteinised by 5% sulphosalicylic acid (1:1, v/v). The results - 95% confidence range - are presented age-dependent (groups: up to 1 month, 1-24 months, 2-6 years, 6-10 years, 10-14 years) and sex-dependent in table 3 and 4.
Subject(s)
Amino Acids/urine , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Reference Values , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Trocar resection is superior to Iglesias' backwash resection. The main criteria on which this assessment is based are the larger operative specimen obtained, the shorter duration of the operation, and the much smaller intraoperative infiltration volume. This last was determined using a glycine irrigation solution, by measuring the increase in glycine in the serum by means of column chromatography. This showed that the intravesical irrigation pressure determines the absorption volume after opening of the venous sinus, while the duration of the resection and the volume of irrigation solution employed perioperatively are of less importance. In the case of alcohol-based irrigation solutions these results can be confirmed by measuring the "standby" alcohol in the respiratory air.
Subject(s)
Prostatectomy/instrumentation , Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery , Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery , Suction/instrumentation , Therapeutic Irrigation/instrumentation , Glycine/blood , Humans , Male , Sodium/bloodABSTRACT
Concentrations of free amino acids were determined quantitatively by ion exchange column chromatography in serum from the fasting blood of 352 (male = 177, female = 175) "healthy" infants, children and adolescents. Serum was deproteinised by 5% sulphosalicylic acid (1:1, v/v). The results -95% confidence range-are presented age-dependent (groups: up to 1 month, 1-24 months, 2-6 years, 6-10 years, 10-14 years) and sex-dependent in table 4 and 5.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood , Adolescent , Analysis of Variance , Child , Child, Preschool , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Confidence Intervals , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Using five routine methods and the candidate reference method of Doumas (Clin. Chem. 31, 1779-1789 (1985)), total bilirubin was determined in 77 neonatal serum samples (concentration range 63-444 mumol/l, average value 227 mumol/l). Four of the routine methods (Jendrassik & Grof's (Biochem. Z. 297, 81-89 (1938)) method, Hertz's (Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 33, 215-230 (1974)) method, the bilirubinometer procedure, and the method employing 2,5-dichlorophenyldiazonium (Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 29, Suppl. 126, Abstr. 11. 12. (1972]) gave values that were generally higher than those of the reference method. In contrast, the results from Vink's (Clin. Chem. 34, 67-70 (1988] direct spectrophotometric method differed only negligibly from those of the reference method. The accuracy of Jendrassik & Grof's method, and to a limited extent that of the 2,5-dichlorophenyldiazonium method, can be improved by redetermination of the molar absorption coefficient, or by using a standard containing a matrix of human albumin, with an assigned value determined by the reference method. It was found that Hertz's direct spectrophotometric method can be replaced by that of Vink. The accuracy of the bilirubinometer results could be improved only by using calibrators with assigned values specific for the bilimeter, or by calibration with a serum pool.
Subject(s)
Bilirubin/blood , Coloring Agents , Diazonium Compounds , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Microchemistry/methods , Reference Standards , Spectrophotometry/methodsABSTRACT
Concentrations of ferritin were determined using the luminescence enhanced enzyme immunoassay method in serum of 272 (male = 148, female = 124) "healthy" children. The ferritin concentration in children is age dependent. The newborn values (140.1-673.8 micrograms/l, 95% confidence interval) decrease until the end of the first year and stabilize thereafter in a sex specific fashion: male means = 31.90 micrograms/l (95% confidence interval: 14.0-72.2 micrograms/l), female means = 39.23 micrograms/l (95% confidence interval: 16.1-79.9 micrograms/l).
