ABSTRACT
Pediatric radiology studies can be some of the most anxiety-inducing imaging examinations encountered in practice. This can be in part due to the wide range of normal anatomic appearances inherent to the pediatric population that create potential interpretive pitfalls for radiologists. The pediatric head is no exception; for instance, the inherent greater water content within the neonatal brain compared to older patients could easily be mistaken for cerebral edema, and anatomic variant calvarial sutures can be mistaken for skull fractures. This article reviews potential pitfalls emergency radiologists may encounter in practice when interpreting pediatric head CTs, including trauma, extra-axial fluid collections, intra-axial hemorrhage, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications.
Subject(s)
Skull Fractures , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Child , Head , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Radiologists , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Ventriculoperitoneal ShuntABSTRACT
An ectopic pregnancy carries the potential for disastrous maternal complications. Early first trimester pelvic ultrasound examinations are frequently obtained in cases of pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding to assess for such diagnoses. The "bagel sign" and the "blob sign" described two sonographic appearances of tubal ectopic pregnancy with positive predictive values of > 95%. Current ectopic pregnancy consensus statements differ in the interpretation of these findings; however, radiologists should have familiarity with the appearances of these findings so as to best educate ordering providers on the potential for presence of a tubal ectopic pregnancy and need for very close patient surveillance.
ABSTRACT
A variant structural skeleton of epipodophyllotoxin was synthesized and found to rival the natural cyclolignan in antiproliferative and microtubule destabilizing properties. This discovery leads to a new structural class of tubulin targeting agents.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Podophyllotoxin/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Crystallography, X-Ray , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , HeLa Cells , Humans , Jurkat Cells , MCF-7 Cells , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Podophyllotoxin/chemical synthesis , Podophyllotoxin/chemistryABSTRACT
4H-Pyrano-[2,3-b]naphthoquinone is a structural motif commonly found in natural products manifesting anticancer activities. As part of a program aimed at structural simplification of bioactive natural products utilizing multicomponent synthetic processes, we developed a compound library based on this heterocyclic scaffold. We found that several library members displayed low micromolar antiproliferative activity and induced apoptosis in human cancer cells. Selected compounds showed promising activity against cancer cell lines resistant to proapoptotic stimuli, demonstrating their potential in treating cancers with dismal prognoses.
