Condyloma acuminata: An evaluation of the immune response at cellular and molecular levels.

Condyloma acuminata (CA) is a benign proliferative disease mainly affecting in non-keratinized epithelia. Most cases of CA are caused by low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), mainly HPV 6 and 11. The aim of the current study was to highlight the candidate genes and pathways associated with immune alterations in individuals who did not spontaneously eliminate the virus and, thus, develop genital warts. Paraffin-embedded condyloma samples (n = 56) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CD1a, FOXP3, CD3, CD4, CD8, and IFN-γ. The immunomarkers were chosen based on the evaluation of the innate and adaptive immune pathways using qPCR analysis of 92 immune-related genes, applying a TaqMan Array Immune Response assay in HPV 6 or HPV 11 positive samples (n = 27). Gene expression analysis revealed 31 differentially expressed genes in CA lesions. Gene expression validation revealed upregulation of GZMB, IFNG, IL12B, and IL8 and downregulation of NFATC4 and IL7 in CA samples. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased FOXP3, IFN-γ, CD1a, and CD4 expression in CA than in the control tissue samples. In contrast, CD3 and CD8 expression was decreased in CA lesion samples. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HPV-positive patients compared with HPV-negative patients seem to reflect the elevated immunogenicity of HPV-positive CA lesions. Host defense against HPV begins during the early stages of the innate immune response and is followed by activation of T lymphocytes, which are mainly represented by CD4+ and regulatory T cells. The low CD8+ T cell count in CA may contribute to this recurrent behavior. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of host defense against HPV infection in CA.

Ichthyofauna of the Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba National Park: watershed divide in the main agricultural encroachment area in the Brazilian Cerrado / Ictiofauna do Parque Nacional Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba: um divisor de bacias hidrográficas na principal área de expansão agrícola do Cerrado Brasileiro

The Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba National Park (NPNP), located in Brazilian Cerrado, protects portions of three river basins: headwaters of Parnaíba, a small portion in upper Tocantins-Araguaia, and tributaries of the middle section of the São Francisco. This protected area is in the boundaries of the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia, also known as MATOPIBA, a region that has established rapid agricultural expansion associated to land conflicts between corporate agriculture, family agriculture, protected areas, indigenous territories, and quilombola communities. The knowledge of the ichthyofauna in this region is scarce while the impacts on the aquatic environments are increasing. We made a survey of fishes in the NPNP and its surroundings areas, estimating richness, endemics, introduced and shared species between river basins. During 2014, 54 sampling sites were visited, 19 in the NPNP and 35 in the surrounding area. Ninety-five species, 51 genera, 22 families, and six orders were recorded, of which 38 (40%) are in the NPNP. One introduced species were recorded in the Parnaíba River basin and no endangered species were registered. Our data corroborate the importance of the network of protected areas for the preservation of Cerrado fishes, including some possibly undescribed and restricted-range species that may be threatened due to intense agricultural encroachment in the MATOPIBA region.

O Parque Nacional Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba (PNNP), localizado no Cerrado brasileiro, protege diferentes porções de três bacias hidrográficas, as cabeceiras do Parnaíba, uma pequena porção do alto rio Tocantins e tributários do trecho médio do São Francisco. Esta área protegida está localizada nos limites dos estados do Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia, também conhecida como MATOPIBA, região que tem apresentado rápida expansão agrícola associada a conflitos fundiários do agronegócio com agricultura familiar, áreas protegidas, territórios indígenas e comunidades quilombolas. O conhecimento da ictiofauna nessas regiões é escasso, embora os impactos sobre os ecossistemas aquáticos sejam crescentes. Assim, elaboramos um levantamento de peixes do PNNP e em seu entorno, identificando a riqueza, espécies endêmicas, introduzidas e compartilhadas entre bacias hidrográficas. Durante o ano de 2014 foram visitados 54 locais de amostragem, 19 no PNNP e 35 no entorno. Foram coletadas 95 espécies, 51 gêneros, 22 famílias e seis ordens, das quais 38 espécies (40%) estão no PNNP. Uma espécie introduzida foi registrada na bacia do rio Parnaíba e nenhuma espécie ameaçada de extinção foi registrada. Os dados aqui apresentados corroboram a importância da rede de áreas protegidas para a preservação dos peixes do Cerrado, com espécies potencialmente novas e de distribuição restrita, que podem estar ameaçadas devido à intensa expansão agrícola na região do MATOPIBA.

Revision of the smaller-sized dorados (Salminus), with comments on the monophyly of the genus and its biogeography (Characiformes: Bryconidae).

A revision of the genus Salminus, excluding the large-sized species S. brasiliensis and S. franciscanus, is presented. In addition to the two large-sized species, four additional Salminus species are recognized: Salminus affinis Steindachner, from the río Magdalena, río Sinú, and río Rancheria basins, Colombia; Salminus hilarii Valenciennes, from the rio Paraná, rio São Francisco, and rio Jaguaribe basins, Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay; Salminus iquitensis (Nakashima), new combination, from the western portion of the Amazon basin, rio Branco, and río Orinoco basins, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela; and Salminus santosi new species, from the rio Tocantins basin, Brazil. These four species are described/redescribed and illustrated, and a key to the species belonging to the genus is presented. Comments on the diagnosis of the genus Salminus and its biogeography taking into account recent phylogenetic hypotheses published for the genus, are presented.

Loss of Muscle Mass and Vulnerability in Institutionalized Older Adults.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between muscle mass and vulnerability in institutionalized older adults. A cross-sectional study was carried out in eight philanthropic Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCF) located in the metropolitan area of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The participants were individuals aged 60 years or older who were present in the institutions at the time of data collection. To assess muscle mass, the calf circumference was categorized into loss of muscle mass (<31 cm) and preserved muscle mass (≥31 cm). The vulnerability was assessed by The Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13). Of the 250 older adults evaluated, 46.1% presented loss of muscle mass, which was associated with the presence of physical limitation, vulnerability, and age group (p < 0.05). The presence of vulnerability was the main factor contributing to loss of muscle mass (R2 = 8.8%; B = 0.781; 95% CI 0.690−0.884; p < 0.001). Loss of muscle mass is associated with disability in institutionalized older adults.

Desafios globais das políticas de saúde voltadas à população masculina: revisão integrativa / Desafíos globales de las políticas de salud dirigidas a la población masculina: revisión integradora / Global challenges of health policies aimed at the male population: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as publicações científicas quanto aos desafios para construção e inserção das políticas de saúde voltadas à população masculina no Brasil e no mundo. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura com inclusão de estudos que discorreram sobre políticas de saúde do homem. Busca realizada, em julho de 2020 e janeiro 2022 nas bases de dados: Public/PublishMedline (PUBMED), Scopus, Embase e Web of Science. Incluíram-se artigos nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês, sem restrição de data de publicação. As buscas foram obtidas pelo cruzamento nas bases com os seguintes descritores: Men's Health, Health Policy, Men. Resultados Foram identificados 1709 artigos. Após o processo de seleção e análise, 29 estudos compuseram a amostra. Verificou-se que 79,5% dos estudos foram conduzidos no Brasil, 6,9% no Reino Unido, 3,4% envolvendo países do continente asiático, 3,4% na Irlanda e Austrália, 3,4% na Escócia e 3,4% União Europeia. Foram publicados no período entre 2008 e 2021. Da análise emergiram as categorias: Desconhecimento e reconhecimento da política masculina e (Des) construção da política masculina. Conclusão Independentemente do país, os estereótipos de gênero e a inabilidade dos gestores, profissionais de saúde e dos próprios homens em reconhecer a política foram os principais desafios na construção e inserção das políticas para a população masculina. Considera-se necessária a legitimação da atenção integral ao homem como movimento social e política governamental, visando à melhoria da qualidade da gestão e prática clínica.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las publicaciones científicas con relación a los desafíos para la construcción e inserción de las políticas de salud dirigidas a la población masculina en Brasil y en el mundo. Métodos Revisión integradora de la literatura con inclusión de estudios que tratan sobre políticas de salud del hombre. Búsqueda realizada en julio de 2020 y enero de 2022 en las bases de datos: Public/PublishMedline (PUBMED), Scopus, Embase y Web of Science. Se incluyeron artículos en los idiomas portugués, español e inglés, sin restricción de fecha de publicación. Las búsquedas se obtuvieron por el cruce en las bases con los siguientes descriptores: Men's Health, Health Policy, Men. Resultados Se identificaron 1.709 artículos. Después del proceso de selección y análisis, 29 estudios compusieron la muestra. Se verificó que el 79,5 % de los estudios se condujo en Brasil, el 6,9 % en Reino Unido, el 3,4 % en países del continente asiático, el 3,4 % en Irlanda y Australia, el 3,4 % en Escocia y el 3,4 % en la Unión Europea. Fueron publicados en el período entre 2008 y 2021. Del análisis surgieron las categorías: Desconocimiento y reconocimiento de la política masculina y (Des)construcción de la política masculina. Conclusión Independientemente del país, los estereotipos de género y la falta de habilidad de los gestores, de los profesionales de salud y de los propios hombres para reconocer a la política fueron los principales retos en la construcción e inserción de las políticas para la población masculina. Se considera necesaria la legitimación de la atención integral al hombre como movimiento social y política gubernamental, con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad de la gestión y de la práctica clínica.

Abstract Objective To analyze scientific publications regarding the challenges for the construction and insertion of health policies aimed at the male population in Brazil and in the world. Methods This is an integrative literature review with the inclusion of studies that discussed men's health policies. Search was performed in July 2020 and January 2022 in the Public/Publish MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Embase and Web of Science databases. Articles in Portuguese, Spanish and English were included, without restriction of publication date. The searches were obtained by crossing the bases with the following descriptors: Men's Health, Health Policy, Men. Results A total of 1,709 articles were identified. After the selection and analysis process, 29 studies made up the sample. It was found that 79.5% of studies were conducted in Brazil, 6.9% in the United Kingdom, 3.4% involving countries on the Asian continent, 3.4% in Ireland and Australia, 3.4% in Scotland and 3.4% in the European Union. They were published between 2008 and 2021. From the analysis, the following categories emerged: Lack of knowledge and recognition of male policies; (De)construction of male policies. Conclusion Regardless of the country, gender stereotypes and the inability of managers, health professionals and men themselves to recognize the policy were the main challenges in the construction and insertion of policies for the male population. It is considered necessary to legitimize comprehensive care for men as a social movement and governmental policy, aiming at improving the quality of management and clinical practice.

Fishes from the Colombian Amazonia region: species composition from the river systems within the rainforest biome / Peces de la región de la Amazonía Colombiana: composición de especies de los sistemas fluviales del bioma de selva húmeda

Abstract The Colombian Amazon region is part of the Neotropical rainforest (humid forest biome) covering an area of 483,163 km2 and includes tributaries of both the Amazon and Orinoco River basins. The aquatic ecosystems found there include: rivers and alluvial plains originating in Andean headwaters, on eroded soils of tropical forests in the lowlands, and Guiana Shield formations, comprising a dense fluvial drainage network in the lowlands, with Paleogene/Neogene geological formations (terra firme streams in higher places that don't usually flood) and Paleozoic (shield streams); and Andean and Guiana Shield streams above 200-250 m a.s.l. We present here an exhaustive compilation of published information, supported by fish collections, consisting of a list of 1104 species distributed in 375 genera, 53 families, and 16 orders. We include occurrence data of these species in each sub-basin. The presence/absence species matrix was analyzed using a dendrogram and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis to identify patterns of similarity between basins and sub-basins. We evaluated species composition between basins and among the different geological origins using PERMANOVA. The dendrogram shows co-occurrences of 404 species in the two basins. It also shows two clear groupings of the sub-basins of the Amazon (except Guainía-Negro drainages) and those of the Orinoco. Within the Amazon Basin, there are two nodes according to the geological origin: systems of Andean origin and those of the lowlands. The dendrogram results are consistent with the NMDS analysis, which shows a clear grouping according to the connectivity of the basins; the Guainía-Negro is included in the Amazon basin. Species distribution patterns were supported by the PERMANOVA, and differed significantly between basins (F = 4.3, R = 0.26, P = 0.003) and geological origin (F = 3.6, R = 0.23, P = 0.003). The number of species in this study represents almost a fifth of the ichthyofauna of the Neotropics and about a third of that of the Amazon River basin; clearly supporting Colombia's status among the countries with the greatest diversity of freshwater fish species of the planet. We include here a significant number of new records (75 spp), provide a first approximation of the distribution patterns, and a framework for future biogeographical studies.

Resumo La región de la Amazonía colombiana hace parte del bosque húmero neotropical (bioma de selva húmeda) abarcando un área de 483.163 km2 e incluye afluentes de las cuencas del Amazonas y Orinoco. Los ecosistemas acuáticos encontrados allí incluyen: ríos y llanuras aluviales, originándose en cabeceras andinas, en suelos erosionados de bosques tropicales en tierras bajas y en formaciones de escudos; conformando una densa red fluvial en tierras bajas con formaciones geológicas paleógenas-neógenas (arroyos de terra firme en sitios elevados que usualmente no se inundan) y paleozoicas (arroyos de escudo); y arroyos andinos y del escudo Guayanés por encima de 200-250 m s.n.m. Presentamos aquí una recopilación exhaustiva de información publicada, sustentada por colecciones ictiológicas, consistiendo en una lista de 1104 especies distribuidas en 375 géneros, 53 familias y 16 órdenes. Incluimos datos de estas especies en cada subcuenca. La matriz de presencia/ausencia de especies fue analizada usando un dendrograma y un análisis de escalamiento multidimensional no métrico (NMDS) para identificar patrones de similitud entre cuencas y subcuencas. Se evaluó la composición de especies entre cuencas y entre los diferentes orígenes geológicos usando PERMANOVA. El dendrograma refleja coocurrencia de 404 especies en las dos cuencas. También muestra dos agrupaciones claras de las subcuencas del Amazonas (excepto Guainía-Negro) y las del Orinoco. Dentro de la cuenca amazónica existen dos nodos según el origen geológico: los sistemas de origen andino y los de tierras bajas. Los resultados del dendrograma son consistentes con el análisis NMDS, el cual muestra una clara agrupación según la conectividad de las cuencas; el Guainía-Negro está incluido en la cuenca del Amazonas. Los patrones de distribución de especies fueron respaldados por el PERMANOVA y difirieron significativamente entre cuencas (F = 4.3, R = 0.26, P = 0.003) y origen geológico (F = 3.6, R = 0.23, P = 0.003). El número de especies en este estudio representa casi la quinta parte de la ictiofauna del Neotrópico y alrededor de un tercio de la de la cuenca del río Amazonas; soportando el estatus de Colombia entre los países con mayor diversidad de especies de peces de agua dulce del planeta. Incluimos aquí un número importante de nuevos registros (75 spp), brindamos una aproximación de los patrones de distribución y un marco para futuros estudios biogeográficos.

Fishes of the Mitú Region: middle basin of the río Vaupés, Colombian Amazon / Peces de la región de Mitú: cuenca media del río Vaupés, Amazonia colombiana

Abstract: The Amazon River basin hosts the most diverse freshwater ichthyofauna in the world, and yet huge areas of the basin remain unexplored. This is the case for the upper tributaries of the rio Negro, especially those draining the Colombian territory. Here we present a list of 224 species derived from the examination of specimens collected in the Mitú region (Vaupés Department, Colombia), the middle basin of the río Vaupés. Of the species identified in our study, 10 species are recorded from Colombia for the first time, and 26 species are newly recorded from the Colombian Amazon. The number of species we present here comprise almost one-third of the known species diversity of the Colombian Amazon and nearly a tenth of the total number of those known across the entirety of the Amazon basin. The most diverse orders were Characiformes (120 species) and Siluriformes (65 species), and the remaining six orders comprised less than 20% of total species. The study area comprised blackwater systems, which are considered to be nutrient-poor environments. We discuss some ecological aspects that might explain how this highly diverse ichthyofauna originates and is maintain in less productive systems. The list presented here adds an important number of new records and complements the information derived from previous studies, carried out thus far with regards to the fish fauna of the Colombian Amazon.

Resumo: La cuenca del río Amazonas alberga la ictiofauna dulceacuícola más diversa del mundo, sin embargo, grandes áreas de la cuenca permanecen inexploradas. Este es el caso de los afluentes de la parte alta del río Negro, especialmente los sistemas que drenan el territorio colombiano. A continuación, presentamos un listado de 224 especies derivadas del análisis de especímenes recolectados en la región de Mitú, cuenca media del río Vaupés (Departamento de Vaupés, Colombia). De las especies identificadas, 10 especies se registran en Colombia por primera vez y 26 especies para la Amazonía colombiana. El número de especies que presentamos aquí comprende casi un tercio de las especies conocidas para la Amazonía colombiana y casi una décima parte del total de las conocidas para la gran cuenca del Amazonas. Los órdenes más diversos fueron Characiformes (120 especies) y Siluriformes (65 especies), y los seis órdenes restantes comprendieron menos del 20% del total de especies. El área de estudio comprende sistemas de aguas negras que se consideran ambientes poco productivos por sus bajos contenidos de nutrientes. Discutimos aquí algunos aspectos ecológicos que podrían explicar cómo esta ictiofauna tan diversa tiene su origen y es mantenida en estos sistemas poco productivos. La información derivada del presente estudio adiciona nuevos registros de especies de peces para Colombia, y complementa la información derivada de los estudios realizados a la fecha en la Amazonía colombiana.

Syndecan Family Gene and Protein Expression and Their Prognostic Values for Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in men, and new biomarkers are still needed. The expression pattern and protein tissue localization of proteoglycans of the syndecan family (SDC 1-4) and syntenin-1 (SDCBP) were determined in normal and prostatic tumor tissue from two genetically engineered mouse models and human prostate tumors. Studies were validated using SDC 1-4 and SDCBP mRNA levels and patient survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and CamCAP databases. RNAseq showed increased expression of Sdc1 in Pb-Cre4/Ptenf/f mouse Pca and upregulation of Sdc3 expression and downregulation of Sdc2 and Sdc4 when compared to the normal prostatic tissue in Pb-Cre4/Trp53f/f-;Rb1f/f mouse tumors. These changes were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In human PCa, SDC 1-4 and SDCBP immunostaining showed variable localization. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients expressing SDC3 had shorter prostate-specific survival than those without SDC3 expression (log-rank test, p = 0.0047). Analysis of the MSKCC-derived expression showed that SDC1 and SDC3 overexpression is predictive of decreased biochemical recurrence-free survival (p = 0.0099 and p = 0.045, respectively), and SDC4 overexpression is predictive of increased biochemical recurrence-free survival (p = 0.035). SDC4 overexpression was associated with a better prognosis, while SDC1 and SDC3 were associated with more aggressive tumors and a worse prognosis.

O impacto da covid - 19 na saúde de pessoas institucionalizadas / The impact of COVID-19 on the health of institutionalized persons / El impacto del COVID-19 em la salude de las personas institucionalizada

Introdução:A população idosa constitui um dos grupos mais vulneráveis à infecção pelo novo coronavírus. Tal fragilidade é ainda mais evidente naqueles que residem em Instituições para Idosos, por apresentar maior risco de contaminação e, ainda, de morbimortalidade. Objetivo: Identificar o impacto da COVID-19 na saúde de pessoas idosas residentes nas Instituições de Longa Permanência. Metodologia:Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo de revisão integrativa da literatura, entre os meses de novembro/2020 e março/2021, sintetizando estudos publicados sobre a temática. A partir do objetivo traçado para este estudo, determinamos quais seriam as questões norteadoras: 1. "Quais medidas estão sendo adotadas para minimizar os efeitos da COVID-19 nas Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos?" 2. "Quais os principais impactos causados por essas medidas?". Estes eixos colaboram para a compreensão dos acontecimentos de significativa relevância social. Resultados:As instituições para idosos, como ambientes coletivos, possuem residentes com elevada vulnerabilidade à infecção pelo novo coronavírus. Naqueles idosos acometidos por quadros de demência e outras doenças neurológicas, o isolamento social aprofunda a gravidade da infecção pela COVID-19, dificultando, assim, as atividades relacionadas à atenção e assistência realizadas pelos cuidadores. Ademais, caracteriza-se como medida fundamental a adoção do rastreamento laboratorial precoce para potencializar a prevenção de casos e promover o controle da infecção. Percebe-se ainda uma deficiência referente à construção de um protocolo com medidas de profilaxia e manejo adequado de modo mais direcionado dentro dessas instituições. Conclusão:Torna-se urgente um olhar mais atento às necessidades da população idosa, especialmente dogrupo institucionalizado, de modo a promover políticas de investimento em cuidados de saúde integrais e realizados por equipe multiprofissional (AU).

Introduction:The elderly population is one of the groups most vulnerable to infection by the new coronavirus. Such fragility is even more evident in those who live in Institutions for the Aged, as it presents a higher risk of contamination and, even, of morbidity and mortality. Objective: To identify the impact of COVID-19 on the health of elderly people residing in Long Term Institutions for the Aged. Methodology:This is a retrospective study of integrative literature review, between the months of November/2020 and March/2021, synthesizing published studies on the theme. Based on the objective outlined for this study, we determined what the guiding questions would be: 1. "What measures are being taken to minimize the effects of COVID-19 on Long Term Care Institutions for the Aged?" 2. "What are the main impacts caused by these measures?. These axes contribute to the understanding of events of significant social relevance. Results:Institutions for the aged, as collective environments, have residents with high vulnerability to infection with the new coronavirus. In those aged people affected by dementia and other neurological diseases, social isolation deepens the severity of the infection by COVID-19, thus hampering the activities related to the care and assistance performed by caregivers. In addition, the adoption of early laboratory screening is characterized as a fundamental measure to enhance the prevention of cases and promote infection control. It is also perceived a deficiency regarding the construction of a protocol with prophylaxis measures and adequate management in a more targeted way within these institutions.Conclusions:It is urgent to look more closely at the needs of the aged population, especially the institutionalized group, in order to promote investment policies in comprehensive health care carried out by a multidisciplinary team (AU).

Introducción: la población anciana es uno de los grupos más vulnerables a la infección por el nuevo coronavirus. Tal fragilidad es aún más evidente en quienes viven en Instituciones de Ancianos, ya que presenta un mayor riesgo de contaminación e, incluso, de morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivo: Identificar el impacto del COVID-19 en la salud de los ancianos que residen en Instituciones de Atención de Larga Duración. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo de revisión integradora de la literatura, entre los meses de noviembre/2020 y marzo/2021, sintetizando los estudios publicados sobre el tema. Con base en el objetivo delineado para este estudio, determinamos cuáles serían las preguntas orientadoras: 1. "¿Qué medidas se están tomando para minimizar los efectos del COVID-19 en las Instituciones de Atención de Larga Duración para el Anciano?" 2. "¿Cuáles son los principales impactos provocados por estas medidas?". Estos ejes contribuyen a la comprensión de hechos de relevancia social significativa.Resultados:Las instituciones para los ancianos, como entornos colectivos, tienen residentes conalta vulnerabilidad a la infección por el nuevo coronavirus. Aquellos ancianos afectados por demencia y otras enfermedades neurológicas, el aislamiento social profundiza la gravedad de la infección por COVID-19, dificultando así las actividades relacionadas con el cuidado y asistencia que realizan los cuidadores. Además, la adopción del cribado precoz de laboratorio se caracteriza por ser una medida fundamental para potenciar la prevención de casos y promover el control de infecciones. También se percibe una deficiencia en la construcción de un protocolo con medidas de profilaxis y manejo adecuado de manera más focalizada dentro de estas instituciones. Conclusiones: Es urgente mirar más de cerca las necesidades de la población anciana, especialmente del grupo institucionalizado, para promover políticas de inversión en la atención integral de salud llevadas a cabo por un equipo multidisciplinario (AU).

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Performance in Multiple Domains of Executive Functions in School-Aged Adolescents.

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and performance in multiple domains of executive functions in school-aged adolescents. A sample of 132 adolescents (43% girls) aged 11-16 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Each participant completed a progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance running (PACER) test, computerized cognitive tasks (Attentional Network, Berg's Card Sorting, Go/No-Go oddball, Sternberg's Working Memory, and Tower of London) and questionnaire for daytime sleepiness, as well as other factors that might influence cognitive performance (age, sex, school year, pubertal stage, and body mass index - BMI). Generalized linear model was used to calculate the coefficient estimates (ß) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for the cognitive tasks using PACER laps as a predictor, controlling for potential confounding variables. There was a negatively association of PACER laps with planning (ß = -17.1, 95% CI -31.9, -2.3) and solution (ß = -44.6, 95% CI -75.1, -14.2) time in performing the Tower of London task, as well as with perseverative errors in performing Berg's task (ß = -0.073, 95% CI -0.133, -0.013). Moderating effect of sex was found for the association of PACER laps with completed categories and perseverative errors in Berg's task (p < 0.05). Mediating effect of BMI was found for the association between PACER laps and NoGo task, revealing a full mediator accounted for 81% of the total effect mediated (standardized indirect effect, -0.069, 95% CI -0.140, -0.020; standardized direct effect, 0.011, 95% CI -0.149, 0.165). No association was found for Attentional or Sternberg's tasks. The findings suggest that school-aged adolescents with higher CRF level showed better planning and problem-solving abilities and cognitive flexibility. Additionally, the positive association of CRF with cognitive flexibility was sex-moderated and with inhibitory control was BMI-mediated.

Caregivers of Individuals with Cancer in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study.

Caregivers of individuals with cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic are faced with the demands of cancer and the health needs produced by it, along with their own health and self-care needs, and the uncertainties of expectations and risks. A qualitative analytical phenomenological study with caregivers of individuals with cancer registered at the state referral hospital supplying medications, who answered the sociodemographic assessment questionnaires and semi-structured questions about their feelings and perceptions in the COVID-19 pandemic. Bardin's content analysis was used, with methodological quality assessed using SRQR Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research and the MAXQDA software. Most of the caregivers are women, married, Catholic, of low income and education, aged between 30 and 60 years, optimistic, comply with health guidelines regarding social distancing, use of masks, and routine hand hygiene, do not practice regular physical activities, mention concern for their own physical and financial survival, and that of their family. The main need identified in the affective sphere was to reframe contact with family members, seeking to strengthen the bonds of affection. The feeling of emotional vulnerability shows the importance of building effective public policies for social support consistent with the improvement of health care for this population.

Rediscovering species: redescription of Bryconops gracilis (Characiformes: Iguanodectidae), an often-misidentified species

ABSTRACT A redescription of Bryconops gracilis is provided, a species poorly known for more than a century. Bryconops gracilis differs from all congeners by having the following combination of features: eight branched pelvic-fin rays, 31-36 anal-fin rays, 15-17 predorsal scales arranged in a regular series, two rows of premaxillary teeth, and 53-60 lateral-line scales. The species was often misidentified as B. alburnoides by sharing an overall elongated body shape, caudal fin yellowish in life, and a high number of lateral-line scales. A diagnosis between B. alburnoides and B. gracilis is provided. The holotype of B. gracilis which for many years had whereabouts unknown, was recovered, examined and illustrated by CT-Scan. Additionally, more detailed information about the type locality, morphology, color pattern (including in living specimens), habitat and distribution pattern of species are provided.

RESUMO A redescrição de Bryconops gracilis, uma espécie pouco conhecida por mais de um século, é fornecida. Bryconops gracilis difere de todas as congêneres por apresentar a seguinte combinação de caracteres: oito raios ramificados na nadadeira pélvica, 31-36 raios ramificados na nadadeira anal, 15-17 escamas pré-dorsais dispostas em uma série regular, duas séries de dentes no pré-maxilar e 53-60 escamas na linha lateral. A espécie foi frequentemente identificada erroneamente como B. alburnoides por compartilhar a forma geral do corpo alongada, nadadeira caudal amarelada em vida e um grande número de escamas na linha lateral. Uma diagnose entre B. alburnoides e B. gracilis é fornecida. O holótipo de B. gracilis que por muitos anos teve paradeiro desconhecido, foi recuperado, examinado e ilustrado através de CT-Scan. Adicionalmente, informações mais detalhadas sobre a localidade tipo, morfologia, padrão de coloração (incluindo em espécimes vivos), habitat e padrão de distribuição da espécie são fornecidas.

A new, narrowly distributed, and critically endangered species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Distrito Federal, Central Brazil

A new species of Characidium is described from the Cerrado biome, in Brasília, Distrito Federal, Central Brazil. The new species can be readily diagnosed by the presence of two or three longitudinal rows of dots along the body sides, absence of bars, by the short pectoral fin, which does not reach the vertical through the dorsal fin origin. Additional useful diagnostic characters are the scaled isthmus, absence of the adipose fin, and the terminal mouth. The new species is only known from the córrego Taquara and its tributaries, a tributary of ribeirão do Gama, upstream from lago Paranoá, in the upper rio Paraná basin. In accordance to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, the new species is categorized as Critically Endangered.(AU)

Uma nova espécie de Characidium é descrita do bioma Cerrado em Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil Central. A nova espécie pode ser diagnosticada pela presença de duas ou três fileiras longitudinais de pontos no corpo, ausência de barras e nadadeira peitoral curta, que não alcança a vertical que passa pela origem da nadadeira dorsal. Caracteres adicionais úteis na diagnose são o istmo escamado, a ausência da nadadeira adiposa e a boca terminal. A nova espécie é conhecida apenas do córrego Taquara e seus tributários, tributário do ribeirão do Gama a montante do Lago Paranoá, na bacia do alto rio Paraná. De acordo com os Critérios e Categorias para Listas Vermelhas da IUCN, a nova espécie é categorizada como uma Criticamente Ameaçada.(AU)

A new Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) of the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group from the lower Amazon basin, Brazil

A new species of Hyphessobrycon belonging to the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group from the lower rio Tapajós, state of Pará, Brazil, is described. The new species is allocated into the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group due to its color pattern, composed by an anteriorly well-defined, horizontally elongated humeral blotch that becomes diffuse and blurred posteriorly, where it overlaps with a conspicuous midlateral dark stripe that becomes blurred towards the caudal peduncle and the presence, in living specimens, of a tricolored longitudinal pattern composed by a dorsal red or reddish longitudinal stripe, a middle iridescent, golden or silvery longitudinal stripe, and a more ventrally-lying longitudinal dark pattern composed by the humeral blotch and dark midlateral stripe. It can be distinguished from all other species of the group by possessing humeral blotch with a straight or slightly rounded ventral profile, lacking a ventral expansion present in all other species of the group. The new species is also distinguished from Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus by a 9.6% genetic distance in the cytochrome c oxidase I gene. The little morphological distinction of the new species when compared with its most similar congener, H. heterorhabdus, indicates that the new species is one of the first truly cryptic fish species described from the Amazon basin.(AU)

Uma nova espécie de Hyphessobrycon pertencente ao grupo Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus é descrita da região do baixo rio Tapajós, estado do Pará, Brasil. A nova espécie é incluída no grupo Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus devido ao seu padrão de coloração, composto por uma mancha umeral alongada, anteriormente bem definida, que se torna difusa e borrada posteriormente, onde se sobrepõe a uma conspícua faixa escura médio-lateral que se torna borrada próxima ao pedúnculo caudal, e pela presença, em exemplares vivos, de um padrão longitudinal tricolor, composto por uma faixa longitudinal vermelha ou avermelhada dorsal, uma faixa média iridescente dourada ou prateada e, mais ventralmente, o padrão longitudinal escuro composto pela faixa escura médio-lateral e mancha umeral. A espécie pode ser distinguida das outras espécies pertencentes ao grupo por possuir uma mancha umeral com região ventral retilínea ou levemente arredondada, sem uma expansão ventral presente nas demais espécies do grupo. A espécie também se diferencia de Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus por uma distância genética de 9,6% no gene citocromo c oxidase I. A sutil diferença morfológica da nova espécie quando comparada ao seu congênere mais similar, H. heterorhabdus, indica que a nova espécie é uma das primeiras espécies de peixes verdadeiramente crípticas descritas da Bacia Amazônica.(AU)

Peripheral nerve entrapments-rare causes of a common condition: case series.

Compressive syndromes of peripheral nerves both in the upper and lower limbs are part of daily clinical practice; however, the etiological diagnosis can be challenging and impact on the outcome of the patient. We report five cases with rare etiologies of nerve entrapments: one in the lower limb and four in the upper limbs with the final diagnosis made only during the operation. The patients evolved without post-operative complications and had good outcomes. This series includes the first report of sciatic compression by a lipoma in the popliteal fossa, two lipomas one with compression of infraclavicular brachial plexus and another with compressing the posterior interosseous nerve, and two reports of vascular lesions due to blunt traumas, which are also uncommon. This series adds to the literature more hypotheses of differential diagnoses in nerve entrapments, which is fundamental to surgical decisions and pre-operative planning-and perhaps most importantly prevents wrong diagnosis of idiopathic compressions, which would lead to a completely wrong approach and unfavorable outcomes.

Multiresistant microorganism infection in newborns at an intermediate neonatal care unit and intensive care unit of reference: cross-sectional study / Infecção por microrganismo multirresistente em recém-nascidos na unidade de cuidados intermediários neonatais e unidade de cuidados intensivos de referência: estudo transversal

The objective was to describe the infection profile of multidrug-resistant organisms of newborns (NB), admitted to the neonatal intermediate care unit and the intensive care unit. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study of epidemiological nature, composed of 931 medical records and/or Hospital Infection Control Committee notification records, during the period of June to September 2012. Eight hundred and seventy newborns (NB) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units and to intermediate care, with a final sample of 45 NB presenting bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by multiresistant microorganisms. From the analyses, the following results were highlighted: gestational age < 37 weeks in 42 (93.3%); low weight at birth between < 750g to 1.499g. The profile for resistance to enterobacteriaceae was 100% for cefepime and ceftazidime concerning non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria, it was found that (100%) of P.aeruginosa was resistant to aztreonam, (100%) of S. maltophilia resistant to ceftazidime and to gentamycin, however, (1.1%) of S. aureus isolates were resistant to oxacillin and (12.5%) of S. haemolyticus demonstrated a confirmed resistance to vancomycin. These results are worrying and express the importance of correct monitoring, and the need for producing a propaedeutic protocol in consensus with the multiprofessional team through the Hospital Infection Control Committee and managers, which is then implemented and regularly assessed by the service.

Objetivou-se descrever a infecção por microorganismo multirresistente em recém-nascidos na unidade de cuidados intermediários neonatais e unidade de cuidados intensivos de referência. Tratou-se de estudo transversal de natureza epidemiológica, composto por 931 fichas e/ou prontuários de notificação da Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (CCIH), no período junho a setembro de 2012. Foram 870 recém-nascidos (RN), admitidos nas unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal e de cuidados intermediários, como amostra final 45 RN apresentaram infecção de corrente sanguínea por microorganismo multirresistente. Dessas análises destacam-se os resultados: idade gestacional < 37 semanas em 42 (93,3%); baixo peso ao nascer entre < 750g a 1.499g. O perfil de resistência à enterobactérias foi de 100% para o cefepime e ceftazidime, e para as bactérias gram-negativas não fermentadoras, verificou-se que (100%) da P.aeruginosa era resistente ao aztreonam, (100%) de S.maltophilia resistente à ceftazidima e à gentamicina; Entretanto, (1,1%) dos isolados de S. aureus eram resistentes à oxacilina e (12,5%) de S. haemolyticus conferiu resistência à vancomicina. Esses resultados são preocupantes e demonstram a relevância do monitoramento, propondo a elaboração de protocolo propedêutico em consenso com a equipe multiprofissional, com a CCIH e gestores a ser implementado e avaliado, regularmente pelo serviço.

A new species of Characidium Reinhardt (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) with a unique mid-water behavior from the upper rio Madeira basin, Brazil.

A new species of Characidium is described from headwater tributaries of the upper rio Guaporé, Rio Madeira basin, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The new species can be diagnosed from all congeners, except Characidium summus, for lacking the preorbital and postorbital stripes. It can be diagnosed from the latter species by having 12 circumpeduncular scales (vs. 14), by an adipose fin present (vs. adipose fin absent), and 10-12 bars along the body (vs. absence of bars), among other characters. The new species is so far only known from direct tributaries of the Rio Guaporé at the Serra da Borda, an isolated plateau 300-800 meters above sea level, and possess a behavior very uncommon within the genus, being a mid-water pelagic fish, instead of the benthic behavior of most congeners. Comments on the putative phylogenetic relationships of the new species, as well as some remarks on its unusual behavior within the genus, are presented.

A new Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) of the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group from the Central Amazon basin, Brazil.

A new species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin from the Paraná do Urariá system in Central Amazon region, Amazonas state, Brazil, is described. The new species is allocated into the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group due to its color pattern, composed by a well-defined, horizontally elongated humeral blotch continuous with a conspicuous midlateral dark stripe that becomes blurred towards the caudal peduncle, and can be distinguished from all other species of the group by possessing humeral blotch and continuous midlateral stripe broad, occupying vertical height equivalent of two scale rows. A tricolored pattern composed dorsally by a red or reddish longitudinal stripe, a middle iridescent, golden or silvery longitudinal stripe, and ventrally by a variably-developed longitudinal dark stripe is identified as a putative additional character shared by the species of the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group. The presence of bony hooks in all fins in mature males of some species of the Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus species-group is also discussed.

An atypical presentation of gigantiform torus palatinus: A case report: Atypical tori palatine and surgical management.

INTRODUCTION: Torus palatinus (TP) is a slow growing maxillary exostosis, commonly found in the in the hard palate on either side of the median raphe of the palatine bone. Its aetiology is still unclear, but it has been attributed to genetic events and environmental agents, with a slight predilection for the female gender. PRESENTATION OF CASE: The aim of this case report was to describe an unusual presentation of nodular TP in younger female patient, with medical history of hysterectomy when she was 25 years old. The TP manifested insidious progression that affected functional activities such as eating, swallowing and normal pronunciation. Furthermore, we describe our experience during pre-planning the surgery by using 3D-scan-printing, and the conservative surgical approach performed. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: TP may be associated with epidemiological, environmental and systemic disorders of patients suffering from this condition. Conservative surgical removal continues to be the first choice treatment when the TP must be removed. Further studies are considered necessary to elucidate the etiological factors.

Biogeochemical water type influences community composition, species richness, and biomass in megadiverse Amazonian fish assemblages.

Amazonian waters are classified into three biogeochemical categories by dissolved nutrient content, sediment type, transparency, and acidity-all important predictors of autochthonous and allochthonous primary production (PP): (1) nutrient-poor, low-sediment, high-transparency, humic-stained, acidic blackwaters; (2) nutrient-poor, low-sediment, high-transparency, neutral clearwaters; (3) nutrient-rich, low-transparency, alluvial sediment-laden, neutral whitewaters. The classification, first proposed by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1853, is well supported but its effects on fish are poorly understood. To investigate how Amazonian fish community composition and species richness are influenced by water type, we conducted quantitative year-round sampling of floodplain lake and river-margin habitats at a locality where all three water types co-occur. We sampled 22,398 fish from 310 species. Community composition was influenced more by water type than habitat. Whitewater communities were distinct from those of blackwaters and clearwaters, with community structure correlated strongly to conductivity and turbidity. Mean per-sampling event species richness and biomass were significantly higher in nutrient-rich whitewater floodplain lakes than in oligotrophic blackwater and clearwater river-floodplain systems and light-limited whitewater rivers. Our study provides novel insights into the influences of biogeochemical water type and ecosystem productivity on Earth's most diverse aquatic vertebrate fauna and highlights the importance of including multiple water types in conservation planning.