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1.
Int J Equity Health ; 22(1): 238, 2023 Nov 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37978531

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, the COVID-19 pandemic found the universal and public Unified Health System (SUS) with problems accumulated over time, due, among other reasons, to low investments, and disparities in resource distribution. The preparedness and response of the healthcare system, involving the SUS and a private sector, was affected by large socioeconomic and healthcare access inequities. This work was aimed at offering an overview of COVID-19 inpatient mortality during the pandemic in Brazil, exploring factors associated with its variations and, specifically, differences across public, private (for-profit) and philanthropic (private non-profit) inpatient healthcare units, providers, and non-providers of services to the SUS. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used public secondary data. The main data source was the SIVEP-Gripe, which comprises data on severe acute respiratory illness records prospectively collected. We also employed the National Record of Health Establishments, the SUS' Hospitalization Information System and municipalities' data from IBGE. We considered adult COVID-19 hospitalizations registered in SIVEP-Gripe from February 2020 to December 2022 in inpatient healthcare units with a minimum of 100 cases in the period. Data analyses explored the occurrence of inpatient mortality, employing general linear mixed models to identify the effects of patients', health care processes', healthcare units' and municipalities' characteristics on it. RESULTS: About 70% of the COVID-19 hospitalizations in Brazil were covered by the SUS, which attended the more vulnerable population groups and had worse inpatient mortality. In general, non-SUS private and philanthropic hospitals, mostly reimbursed by healthcare insurance plans accessible for more privileged socioeconomic classes, presented the best outcomes. Southern Brazil had the best performance among the macro-regions. Black and indigenous individuals, residents of lower HDI municipalities, and those hospitalized out of their residence city presented higher odds of inpatient mortality. Moreover, adjusted inpatient mortality rates were higher in the pandemic peak moments and were significantly reduced after COVID-19 vaccination reaching a reasonable coverage, from July 2021. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 exposed socioeconomic and healthcare inequalities and the importance and weaknesses of SUS in Brazil. This work indicates the need to revert the disinvestment in the universal public system, a fundamental policy for reduction of inequities in the country.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Adult , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Brazil/epidemiology , Inpatients , Pandemics , COVID-19 Vaccines , Health Services Accessibility
2.
PLoS One ; 16(9): e0257643, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34591896

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the geographical variation in the provision of health services, namely in demand, patterns of utilization, and effectiveness in the Brazilian Health Regions in four different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic, from February 2020 to March 2021. METHODS: Descriptive serial cross-sectional study based on secondary data on COVID-19 hospitalizations from SIVEP-Gripe, a public and open-access database of Severe Acute Respiratory Illness records collected by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and COVID-19 case notification data from Brasil.io, a repository of public data. Fifty-six epidemiological weeks were split into four periods. The following variables were considered for each Brazilian Health Region, per period: number of hospitalizations, hospitalizations per 100,000 inhabitants, hospitalizations per 100 new cases notified in the Health Region, percentage of hospitalizations with ICU use, percentages of hospitalizations with invasive and non-invasive ventilatory support, percentage of hospitalizations resulting in death and percentage of hospitalizations with ICU use resulting in death. Descriptive statistics of the variables were obtained across all 450 Health Regions in Brazil over the four defined pandemic periods. Maps were generated to capture the spatiotemporal variation and trends during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. RESULTS: There was great variation in how COVID-19 hospitalizations grew and spread among Health Regions, with higher numbers between June and August 2020, and, especially, from mid-December 2020 to March 2021. The variation pattern in the proportion of ICU use in the hospitalizations across the Health Regions was broad, with no intensive care provision in large areas in the North, Northeast, and Midwest. The proportions of hospitalizations and hospitalizations with ICU use resulting in deaths were remarkably high, reaching medians of 34.0% and 62.0% across Health Regions, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Heath Regions in Brazil are highly diverse, showing broad disparities in the capacity to respond to the demands imposed by COVID-19, services provided, use and outcomes.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/therapy , Hospitalization , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Management , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals/statistics & numerical data , Humans , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
3.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 21(1): 976, 2021 Sep 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34535135

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temporal evolution of the pattern of hospital use in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. METHODS: This retrospective observational study compared hospital use and mortality in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) in the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic with the year before the onset of the pandemic in six Brazilian capitals (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Manaus, Fortaleza, Recife, and Brasilia). It was based on secondary administrative data from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH), focusing on the number of hospitalizations per fortnight, age, and gender of patients, hospital length of stay, and the proportions of surgical, elective, with the use of ICU, and resulting in death hospitalizations. It also compared the number of hospitalizations and mortality related to frequent diagnostic groups. RESULTS: A significant drop was identified in the number of hospitalizations as of March 2020, with the first peak of COVID-19 hospitalizations in five capitals recorded in May 2020. In the six capitals, we observed significant reductions in the mean number of hospitalizations per fortnight from the beginning of the pandemic. We also identified an increase in the mean age of the patients and the proportion of male patients. The proportion of surgical and elective hospitalizations dropped significantly in all capitals, while the proportion of hospitalizations with ICU use increased significantly. Significant increases in-hospital mortality were also recorded in the six capitals with the pandemic, including or excluding COVID-19 hospitalizations from the comparison. CONCLUSION: The pandemic caused changes in the pattern of use and hospital indicators in the first six months in the cities considered, evidencing the need for attention to diseases with a hospital production altered by the COVID-19 course and health system performance problems in the face of challenges.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , Brazil/epidemiology , Hospitals , Humans , Male , SARS-CoV-2
4.
Saúde debate ; 45(130): 590-602, jul.-set. 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1347898

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivou-se analisar as relações de trabalho no âmbito da Atenção Primária (AP) operada pelas Organizações Sociais (OSs) no município do Rio de Janeiro no período de 2009 a 2019. Foram utilizadas contribuições do neoinstitucionalismo histórico para analisar as regras formais das relações de trabalho e sua relação com a precarização a partir dos documentos elaborados pelas instâncias legislativa, executiva e prestadora de serviços. Foram consideradas as modalidades de contratação; contribuições previdenciárias ou trabalhistas; modalidades de recrutamento e seleção; representação dos trabalhadores; plano de cargos, salários e benefícios; remuneração; escopo de práticas e composição das equipes. Destacaram-se como expressões da precarização as incertezas na garantia de direitos trabalhistas, a insegurança quanto ao futuro profissional, a sobrecarga de trabalho, entre outros. O estudo da trajetória da política de AP no período considerado permitiu reconstruir argumentos, dimensões legislativas e regulamentares, bem como as inflexões e a evolução da política. As regras do jogo contidas nas normativas expressam a flexibilização e a precarização do trabalho na AP do município, colocando em questão a sustentabilidade dos serviços baseados no modelo das OSs.


ABSTRACT The objective was to analyze the labor relations in the scope of Primary Care operated by Social Organizations in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the period from 2009 to 2019. The contributions of historical neoinstitutionalism were used to analyze the formal rules of labor relations and their relationship with precarious working conditions based on documents prepared by the legislative, executive and service providers. The following hiring modalities were considered: social security or labor contributions; recruitment and selection modalities; worker representation; job, salary and benefits plan; remuneration; scope of practices and team composition. The uncertainties in guaranteeing labor rights, insecurity about the professional future, work overload, among others, stood out as expressions of precarious working conditions. The study of the trajectory of Primary Care policy in the considered period reconstructs arguments, legislative and regulatory dimensions, as well as the inflections and evolution of the policy. The rules of the game contained in the regulations express the flexibility and precarious working conditions in Primary Care in the municipality, calling into question the sustainability of services based on the model of Social Organizations.

5.
Cien Saude Colet ; 25(12): 4681-4691, 2020 Dec.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33295492

ABSTRACT

The area of Policy, Planning and Health Management (PPG) express the intersection between research, intervention and political action. The article analyzes the dynamics of knowledge production about PPG in the Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva (C&SC) from 1996 to 2019. The study articulates a bibliometric and qualitative approach to explore the profile of articles in three dimensions: thematic, methodological and authorship/institutional partnerships. 1680 PPG manuscripts were identified, corresponding to 28.3% of the total publications. Thematic analysis showed a strong influence of the context and the implementation of Unified Health System (SUS). Qualitative empirical studies predominated, followed by quantitative and quanti-qualitative studies. The combination of methodological procedures was frequent, with bibliographic review and interviews being the most cited. The average number of authors per article and national institutional partnerships increased. As most articles were published in Portuguese, the challenge of internationalization persists. The PPG area stands out in the Journal C&SC and in the production of scientific knowledge relevant to SUS.


A área de Políticas, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde (PPG) é um dos pilares do campo da Saúde Coletiva, expressando a interseção entre pesquisa, intervenção e ação política. O artigo analisa a dinâmica da produção de conhecimento em PPG, na revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva (C&SC), de 1996 a 2019, articulando abordagem bibliométrica e qualitativa para caracterizar três dimensões: temática, metodológica e autoria/parcerias institucionais. Identificaram-se 1.680 manuscritos, correspondendo a 28,3% do total de publicações da revista no período. A análise temática mostrou influência do contexto e da trajetória de implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Destacaram-se estudos empíricos qualitativos, seguidos dos quantitativos e dos com outros desenhos. A combinação de procedimentos metodológicos foi frequente, sendo mais citadas a revisão bibliográfica e entrevistas/questionários. A maioria dos artigos foi publicada em português e, apesar do aumento das publicações em inglês no final do período, parcerias com autores de outros países foram raras, persistindo o desafio da internacionalização. Conclui-se que a área de PPG se destaca na revista C&SC, periódico que expressa o vigor do campo da Saúde Coletiva na produção de conhecimento científico relevante para o SUS e para a saúde da população.


Subject(s)
Bibliometrics , Public Health , Authorship , Humans , Policy , Qualitative Research
6.
PLoS One ; 15(12): e0243126, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33301479

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the profile of hospitalizations due to COVID-19 in the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil and to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality related to the disease. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, based on secondary data on COVID-19 hospitalizations that occurred in the SUS between late February through June. Patients aged 18 years or older with primary or secondary diagnoses indicative of COVID-19 were included. Bivariate analyses were performed and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were estimated with random effects intercept. The modeling followed three steps, including: attributes of the patients; elements of the care process; and characteristics of the hospital and place of hospitalization. RESULTS: 89,405 hospitalizations were observed, of which 24.4% resulted in death. COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the SUS were predominantly male (56.5%) with a mean age of 58.9 years. The length of stay ranged from less than 24 hours to 114 days, with a mean of 6.9 (±6.5) days. Of the total number of hospitalizations, 22.6% reported ICU use. The odds on in-hospital death were 16.8% higher among men than among women and increased with age. Black individuals had a higher likelihood of death. The behavior of the Charlson and Elixhauser indices was consistent with the hypothesis of a higher risk of death among patients with comorbidities, and obesity had an independent effect on increasing this risk. Some states, such as Amazonas and Rio de Janeiro, had a higher risk of in-hospital death from COVID-19. The odds on in-hospital death were 72.1% higher in municipalities with at least 100,000 inhabitants, though being hospitalized in the municipality of residence was a protective factor. CONCLUSION: There was broad variation in COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in the SUS, associated with demographic and clinical factors, social inequality, and differences in the structure of services and quality of health care.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19/mortality , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Hospital Mortality , Hospitalization , Humans , Length of Stay , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/mortality , Risk Factors , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Young Adult
7.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 25(12): 4681-4691, Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, Coleciona SUS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1142725

ABSTRACT

Resumo A área de Políticas, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde (PPG) é um dos pilares do campo da Saúde Coletiva, expressando a interseção entre pesquisa, intervenção e ação política. O artigo analisa a dinâmica da produção de conhecimento em PPG, na revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva (C&SC), de 1996 a 2019, articulando abordagem bibliométrica e qualitativa para caracterizar três dimensões: temática, metodológica e autoria/parcerias institucionais. Identificaram-se 1.680 manuscritos, correspondendo a 28,3% do total de publicações da revista no período. A análise temática mostrou influência do contexto e da trajetória de implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Destacaram-se estudos empíricos qualitativos, seguidos dos quantitativos e dos com outros desenhos. A combinação de procedimentos metodológicos foi frequente, sendo mais citadas a revisão bibliográfica e entrevistas/questionários. A maioria dos artigos foi publicada em português e, apesar do aumento das publicações em inglês no final do período, parcerias com autores de outros países foram raras, persistindo o desafio da internacionalização. Conclui-se que a área de PPG se destaca na revista C&SC, periódico que expressa o vigor do campo da Saúde Coletiva na produção de conhecimento científico relevante para o SUS e para a saúde da população.


Abstract The area of Policy, Planning and Health Management (PPG) express the intersection between research, intervention and political action. The article analyzes the dynamics of knowledge production about PPG in the Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva (C&SC) from 1996 to 2019. The study articulates a bibliometric and qualitative approach to explore the profile of articles in three dimensions: thematic, methodological and authorship/institutional partnerships. 1680 PPG manuscripts were identified, corresponding to 28.3% of the total publications. Thematic analysis showed a strong influence of the context and the implementation of Unified Health System (SUS). Qualitative empirical studies predominated, followed by quantitative and quanti-qualitative studies. The combination of methodological procedures was frequent, with bibliographic review and interviews being the most cited. The average number of authors per article and national institutional partnerships increased. As most articles were published in Portuguese, the challenge of internationalization persists. The PPG area stands out in the Journal C&SC and in the production of scientific knowledge relevant to SUS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bibliometrics , Health , Public Policy , Authorship , Qualitative Research
8.
Cad Saude Publica ; 36(2): e00059219, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32022175

ABSTRACT

Product Development Partnerships (PDP) are one of the measures used by the Brazilian government to incentivize innovation policy, to expand the population's access to strategic medicines, and to reduce the country's technological dependence by strengthening the national pharmaceutical manufacturing base. The study aimed to identify the Critical Success Factors (FCS in Portuguese) for the implementation of these partnerships, using as the reference one of the largest Brazilian government pharmaceutical laboratories. FCS are seen as key areas in which the results must be satisfactory in order to ensure successful performance in the organization or project. The methodological strategies included literature review, analysis of internal documents, and semi-structured interviews with key actors. We analyzed the partnerships approved for this public laboratory from 2009 to May 2018. The study enabled a critical view of the phases in a PDP and identification of specific critical factors for this type of project. The findings reveal persistent organizational challenges for increasing the executability of partnerships, which can serve as a reference for other government laboratories that have PDP agreements under way or that intend to submit proposals for them.


A Parceria para o Desenvolvimento Produtivo (PDP) é uma das medidas usada pelo Estado brasileiro para incentivar a política de inovação, ampliar o acesso da população a medicamentos estratégicos e reduzir a dependência tecnológica do país, por meio do fortalecimento da base produtiva nacional de medicamentos. O trabalho procurou identificar os Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) para a implantação dessas parcerias, tendo como referência as PDPs de um dos maiores laboratórios farmacêuticos oficiais do país. FCS são compreendidos como áreas-chave nas quais os resultados devem ser satisfatórios para assegurar um desempenho de sucesso para a organização ou projeto. Como estratégias metodológicas, além da revisão bibliográfica e análise de documentos internos, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores-chave. Foram consideradas as parcerias aprovadas para o laboratório no período de 2009 a maio de 2018. O estudo permitiu uma visão crítica sobre as fases do processo de uma PDP e a identificação de fatores críticos específicos para esse tipo de projeto. Os resultados encontrados demonstram existir desafios organizacionais a serem superados para o aumento da executabilidade das parcerias, e podem servir de referência para outros laboratórios oficiais que tenham acordos de PDPs em andamento ou que pretendam apresentar propostas.


Las Alianzas para el Desarrollo Productivo (PDP por sus siglas en portugués) es una de las medidas usadas por el estado brasileño para incentivar la política de innovación, ampliar el acceso de la población a medicamentos estratégicos y reducir la dependencia tecnológica del país, a través del fortalecimiento de la base productiva nacional de medicamentos. El trabajo buscó identificar los Factores Críticos de Éxito (FCS por sus siglas en portugués) para la implementación de esas colaboraciones, teniendo como referencia las PDPs de uno de los mayores laboratorios farmacéuticos oficiales del país. Los FCS se entienden como las áreas-clave en las que los resultados deben ser satisfactorios para asegurar un desempeño de éxito para la organización o proyecto. Como estrategias metodológicas, además de la revisión bibliográfica y análisis de documentos internos, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con actores-clave. Se consideraron las colaboraciones aprobadas para el laboratorio durante el período de 2009 a mayo de 2018. El estudio permitió una visión crítica sobre las fases del proceso de una PDP y la identificación de factores críticos específicos para ese tipo de proyecto. Los resultados encontrados demuestran que existen desafíos organizativos que deben superarse para que aumente la posibilidad de ejecución de colaboraciones y puedan servir de referencia para otros laboratorios oficiales que tengan acuerdos de PDPs en transcurso o que pretendan presentar propuestas.


Subject(s)
Drug Development , Government , Laboratories , Public-Private Sector Partnerships , Brazil
9.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 36(2): e00059219, 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055633

ABSTRACT

Resumo: A Parceria para o Desenvolvimento Produtivo (PDP) é uma das medidas usada pelo Estado brasileiro para incentivar a política de inovação, ampliar o acesso da população a medicamentos estratégicos e reduzir a dependência tecnológica do país, por meio do fortalecimento da base produtiva nacional de medicamentos. O trabalho procurou identificar os Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) para a implantação dessas parcerias, tendo como referência as PDPs de um dos maiores laboratórios farmacêuticos oficiais do país. FCS são compreendidos como áreas-chave nas quais os resultados devem ser satisfatórios para assegurar um desempenho de sucesso para a organização ou projeto. Como estratégias metodológicas, além da revisão bibliográfica e análise de documentos internos, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores-chave. Foram consideradas as parcerias aprovadas para o laboratório no período de 2009 a maio de 2018. O estudo permitiu uma visão crítica sobre as fases do processo de uma PDP e a identificação de fatores críticos específicos para esse tipo de projeto. Os resultados encontrados demonstram existir desafios organizacionais a serem superados para o aumento da executabilidade das parcerias, e podem servir de referência para outros laboratórios oficiais que tenham acordos de PDPs em andamento ou que pretendam apresentar propostas.


Abstract: Product Development Partnerships (PDP) are one of the measures used by the Brazilian government to incentivize innovation policy, to expand the population's access to strategic medicines, and to reduce the country's technological dependence by strengthening the national pharmaceutical manufacturing base. The study aimed to identify the Critical Success Factors (FCS in Portuguese) for the implementation of these partnerships, using as the reference one of the largest Brazilian government pharmaceutical laboratories. FCS are seen as key areas in which the results must be satisfactory in order to ensure successful performance in the organization or project. The methodological strategies included literature review, analysis of internal documents, and semi-structured interviews with key actors. We analyzed the partnerships approved for this public laboratory from 2009 to May 2018. The study enabled a critical view of the phases in a PDP and identification of specific critical factors for this type of project. The findings reveal persistent organizational challenges for increasing the executability of partnerships, which can serve as a reference for other government laboratories that have PDP agreements under way or that intend to submit proposals for them.


Resumen: Las Alianzas para el Desarrollo Productivo (PDP por sus siglas en portugués) es una de las medidas usadas por el estado brasileño para incentivar la política de innovación, ampliar el acceso de la población a medicamentos estratégicos y reducir la dependencia tecnológica del país, a través del fortalecimiento de la base productiva nacional de medicamentos. El trabajo buscó identificar los Factores Críticos de Éxito (FCS por sus siglas en portugués) para la implementación de esas colaboraciones, teniendo como referencia las PDPs de uno de los mayores laboratorios farmacéuticos oficiales del país. Los FCS se entienden como las áreas-clave en las que los resultados deben ser satisfactorios para asegurar un desempeño de éxito para la organización o proyecto. Como estrategias metodológicas, además de la revisión bibliográfica y análisis de documentos internos, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con actores-clave. Se consideraron las colaboraciones aprobadas para el laboratorio durante el período de 2009 a mayo de 2018. El estudio permitió una visión crítica sobre las fases del proceso de una PDP y la identificación de factores críticos específicos para ese tipo de proyecto. Los resultados encontrados demuestran que existen desafíos organizativos que deben superarse para que aumente la posibilidad de ejecución de colaboraciones y puedan servir de referencia para otros laboratorios oficiales que tengan acuerdos de PDPs en transcurso o que pretendan presentar propuestas.


Subject(s)
Public-Private Sector Partnerships , Drug Development , Government , Laboratories , Brazil
10.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(12): 4541-4554, dez. 2019. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055751

ABSTRACT

Resumo No contexto de crise e restrições de recursos é razoável supor o agravamento de fragilidades do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), como desigualdades regionais, subfinanciamento e problemas na qualidade do cuidado. Este estudo explorou a aplicação de indicadores de acesso e efetividade, facilmente compreensíveis e calculados, passíveis de refletir a crise na rede hospitalar. Cinco indicadores extraídos do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares, relativos ao Brasil e a estados da Região Sudeste, foram analisados no período de 2009-2018: internações resultantes em morte; internações cirúrgicas resultantes em morte; cirurgias eletivas no total das internações cirúrgicas; próteses de quadril na população de idosos; e angioplastias na população de 20 anos ou mais. Utilizaram-se gráficos de controle estatístico para a comparação dos indicadores entre estados, antes e a partir de 2014. No Brasil, as mortes hospitalares tiveram um leve crescimento enquanto que as mortes cirúrgicas uma queda; as cirurgias eletivas e próteses de quadril também diminuíram. No Sudeste, o Rio de Janeiro apresentou os piores resultados, em especial a queda de cirurgias eletivas. Os resultados ilustram o potencial dos indicadores para monitorar efeitos da crise sobre o cuidado hospitalar.


Abstract In the context of crisis and resource constraints, it is reasonable to assume the deteriorated weaknesses of the Unified Health System (SUS), such as regional inequalities, underfinancing, and care quality issues. This study explored the application of easily comprehensible and calculated access and effectiveness indicators that could reflect the hospital network crisis. Five indicators extracted from the Hospital Information System, related to Brazil and states of the Southeastern region, were analyzed in the 2009-2018 period: hospitalizations resulting in death; surgical hospitalizations resulting in death; elective surgeries in the total of surgical hospitalizations; hip prostheses in the senior population; and angioplasties in the population aged 20 years and over. Statistical control charts were used to compare indicators between states, before and from 2014. In Brazil, overall hospital deaths had a slight increase while surgical deaths declined; elective surgeries and hipprosthesis also decreased. In Southeastern Brazil, Rio de Janeiro was the worst performer, especially the decrease of the elective surgeries. The results illustrate the potential of indicators to monitor crisis effects on hospital care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Aged , State Health Plans , Economic Recession , Health Services Accessibility , Inpatients , National Health Programs/economics , Quality of Health Care , Surgical Procedures, Operative/mortality , Surgical Procedures, Operative/trends , Brazil/epidemiology , Health Care Rationing , Hospital Information Systems , Hospital Mortality/trends , Angioplasty/statistics & numerical data , Elective Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/statistics & numerical data , Resource Allocation , Healthcare Disparities , Middle Aged
13.
Cien Saude Colet ; 24(12): 4541-4554, 2019 Dec.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31778504

ABSTRACT

In the context of crisis and resource constraints, it is reasonable to assume the deteriorated weaknesses of the Unified Health System (SUS), such as regional inequalities, underfinancing, and care quality issues. This study explored the application of easily comprehensible and calculated access and effectiveness indicators that could reflect the hospital network crisis. Five indicators extracted from the Hospital Information System, related to Brazil and states of the Southeastern region, were analyzed in the 2009-2018 period: hospitalizations resulting in death; surgical hospitalizations resulting in death; elective surgeries in the total of surgical hospitalizations; hip prostheses in the senior population; and angioplasties in the population aged 20 years and over. Statistical control charts were used to compare indicators between states, before and from 2014. In Brazil, overall hospital deaths had a slight increase while surgical deaths declined; elective surgeries and hipprosthesis also decreased. In Southeastern Brazil, Rio de Janeiro was the worst performer, especially the decrease of the elective surgeries. The results illustrate the potential of indicators to monitor crisis effects on hospital care.


No contexto de crise e restrições de recursos é razoável supor o agravamento de fragilidades do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), como desigualdades regionais, subfinanciamento e problemas na qualidade do cuidado. Este estudo explorou a aplicação de indicadores de acesso e efetividade, facilmente compreensíveis e calculados, passíveis de refletir a crise na rede hospitalar. Cinco indicadores extraídos do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares, relativos ao Brasil e a estados da Região Sudeste, foram analisados no período de 2009-2018: internações resultantes em morte; internações cirúrgicas resultantes em morte; cirurgias eletivas no total das internações cirúrgicas; próteses de quadril na população de idosos; e angioplastias na população de 20 anos ou mais. Utilizaram-se gráficos de controle estatístico para a comparação dos indicadores entre estados, antes e a partir de 2014. No Brasil, as mortes hospitalares tiveram um leve crescimento enquanto que as mortes cirúrgicas uma queda; as cirurgias eletivas e próteses de quadril também diminuíram. No Sudeste, o Rio de Janeiro apresentou os piores resultados, em especial a queda de cirurgias eletivas. Os resultados ilustram o potencial dos indicadores para monitorar efeitos da crise sobre o cuidado hospitalar.


Subject(s)
Economic Recession , Health Services Accessibility , Inpatients , National Health Programs , State Health Plans , Adult , Aged , Angioplasty/statistics & numerical data , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Elective Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Health Care Rationing , Healthcare Disparities , Hospital Information Systems , Hospital Mortality/trends , Humans , Middle Aged , National Health Programs/economics , Quality of Health Care , Resource Allocation , Surgical Procedures, Operative/mortality , Surgical Procedures, Operative/trends
14.
Cien Saude Colet ; 24(12): 4587-4592, 2019 Dec.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31778508

ABSTRACT

In this interview, Marco Américo Lucchesi, Tenured Professor of Comparative Literature at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), visiting professor of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), and member and president of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, outlines his perception of the current crisis and the impact on the consolidation of Brazilian democracy. Based on his experiences as a critic and intellectual, he comments on the attacks on culture and the production of knowledge that we have witnessed in Brazil. He reminds us that no democracy is a fully-fledged ontological reality and highlights the role of schools and universities in mobilizing citizenship and spreading republican values. He highlights some achievements that are expressed by the presence of Indians and African Brazilians in universities. Acknowledging the call for help inherent in every crisis, he calls upon us to revive the dream and courage and advocates the suspension of distinctions in favor of forming a front of democracy and solidarity. These are analyses and convocations that are based, at all times, on a firm confidence in the power and capacity of resilience of culture.


Na entrevista, Marco Américo Lucchesi, professor Titular de Literatura Comparada da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), professor convidado da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), membro e presidente da Academia Brasileira de Letras, apresenta sua percepção da crise atual e do impacto sobre a consolidação da democracia brasileira. Com base em suas experiências como intelectual crítico e atuante, comenta os ataques que assistimos, no Brasil, à cultura e à produção de conhecimento. Ao mesmo tempo, lembra que nenhuma democracia se configura como uma realidade ontológica terminada e ressalta o papel das escolas e universidades na mobilização da cidadania e na difusão de valores republicanos. Frente à constatação de que vivemos uma profunda mudança de registro cultural, aponta algumas conquistas que se expressam, por exemplo, pela presença de índios e negros nas universidades. Reconhecendo o pedido de socorro imerso em todas as crises,convoca-nos a reavivar o sonho e a coragem, combustíveis da utopia, e defende a suspensão das distinções em favor da formação de uma frente democrática e solidária. São análises e convocações que se pautam, o tempo todo, numa firme confiança na potência e na capacidade de resistência da cultura.

15.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth ; 18(1): 459, 2018 Nov 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30477475

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Maternal morbidity and mortality are still serious public health concerns in Brazil, and access to quality obstetric care is one critical point of this problem. Despite efforts, obstetric care quality problems and sub-optimal/poor outcomes persist. The study aimed to identify contextual elements that would potentially affect the implementation of an obstetric care quality improvement intervention. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted in three public maternity hospitals of a large Brazilian city, with high annual volume of births and buy-in from high-level managers. Individual interviews with doctors and nurses were conducted from July to October 2015. Semi-structured interviews sought to explore teamwork, coordination and communication, and leadership, being open to capture other contextual elements that could emerge. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the categories of analysis were identified and updated based on the constant comparative method. RESULTS: Twenty-seven interviews were carried out. Extra-organizational context concerning the dependence of the maternity hospitals on primary care units, responsible for antenatal care, and on other healthcare organizations' services emerged from interviews, but the main findings of the study centered on intra-organizational context with potential to affect healthcare quality and actions for its improvement, including material resources, work organization design, teamwork, coordination and communication, professional responsibility vis-à-vis the patient, and leadership. A major issue was the divergence of physicians' and nurses' perspectives on care quality, which in turn negatively affected their capacity to work together. CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings suggest that care on the maternity hospitals was fragmented and lacked continuity, putting at risk the quality. Redesigning work organization, promoting conditions for multi-professional teamwork, better communication and coordination, improving more systemic accountability/lines of authority, and investing in team members' technical competence, and fitness of organizational structures and processes are all imbricated actions that may contribute to obstetric care quality improvement.


Subject(s)
Hospitals, Maternity , Maternal Health Services/organization & administration , Obstetric Nursing/organization & administration , Obstetrics/organization & administration , Quality Improvement , Anesthesiologists , Brazil , Communication , Cooperative Behavior , Delivery of Health Care , Female , Hospitals, Public , Humans , Leadership , Maternal Health Services/standards , Neonatologists , Nurses , Obstetric Nursing/standards , Obstetrics/standards , Patient Care Team , Physicians , Pregnancy , Prenatal Care , Qualitative Research
16.
Saúde debate ; 42(esp.1)set. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-967843

ABSTRACT

O Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (Nasf) foi criado em 2008 visando aumentar a resolutividade e o escopo das ações da Atenção Básica (AB). Composto por uma equipe multiprofissional deve desenvolver atividades conjuntas com as equipes AB, seguindo a lógica do apoio matricial e das ações técnico-pedagógicas ou clínico-assistenciais, pretendendo a integralidade do cuidado. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o trabalho do Nasf no território brasileiro, considerando a integração entre as equipes Nasf e AB, a partir de dados provenientes da avaliação externa do Programa Nacional para Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade (PMAQ) segundo ciclo. Os resultados encontrados apontam adequação quanto à infraestrutura, às atividades de apoio matricial e às atividades integradas com as equipes AB. Contudo, o monitoramento e análise de indicadores, a formação inicial e a educação permanente carecem de maior desenvolvimento.(AU)


The Family Health Support Center (Nasf) was created in 2008 and aims to increase the resolution and scope of Primary Care (AB) actions. Composed by a multiprofessional team, it should develop joint activities with the AB teams, following the logic of matrix support and technical-pedagogical or clinical-assistancial actions, aiming at the integrality of care. The objective of this study was to analyze the work of the Nasf in Brazilian territory, considering the integration between the Nasf and AB teams, based on data from the external evaluation of the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement (PMAQ) in the second cycle. The results found show adequacy of the infrastructure, matrix support activities and activities integrated with the AB teams. However, the monitoring and analysis of indicators, the initial training and the continuing education need greater attention.(AU)


Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Quality of Health Care , Health Evaluation , Family Health/trends , Health Policy , Brazil
18.
Cad Saude Publica ; 32Suppl 2(Suppl 2): e00105815, 2016 Nov 03.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27828676

ABSTRACT

The development and study of healthcare quality improvement interventions have been reshaped, moving from more intuitive approaches, dominated by biomedical vision and premised on easy transferability, to gradually acknowledge the need for more planning and systematization, with greater incorporation of the social sciences and enhancement of the role of context. Improvement Science has been established, with a conceptual and methodological framework for such studies. Considering the incipient of the debate and scientific production on Improvement Science in Brazil, this article aims to expound its principal conceptual and theoretical fundamentals, focusing on three central themes: the linkage of different disciplines; recognition of the role of context; and the theoretical basis for the design, implementation, and evaluation of interventions. Resumo: O desenvolvimento e estudo de intervenções para a melhoria do cuidado de saúde tem ganhado novo contorno, movendo-se das abordagens mais intuitivas, com domínio da visão biomédica e assentadas no pressuposto de fácil transferibilidade, para gradativamente reconhecer a necessidade de mais planejamento e sistematização, com maior incorporação das ciências sociais e valorização do papel do contexto. A Ciência da Melhoria do Cuidado de Saúde vem se estabelecendo, propiciando referencial conceitual e metodológico para tais estudos. Considerando a incipiência do debate e produção sobre Ciência da Melhoria do Cuidado de Saúde no Brasil, este artigo objetiva discorrer sobre as principais bases conceituais e teóricas que a sustentam, com foco em três temas centrais: a articulação de diferentes disciplinas; o reconhecimento do papel do contexto; e o embasamento teórico para o desenho, implementação e avaliação das intervenções.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Health Policy , Process Assessment, Health Care , Quality Improvement , Quality of Health Care , Humans
19.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 32(supl.2): e00105815, 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-798188

ABSTRACT

Abstract: The development and study of healthcare quality improvement interventions have been reshaped, moving from more intuitive approaches, dominated by biomedical vision and premised on easy transferability, to gradually acknowledge the need for more planning and systematization, with greater incorporation of the social sciences and enhancement of the role of context. Improvement Science has been established, with a conceptual and methodological framework for such studies. Considering the incipient of the debate and scientific production on Improvement Science in Brazil, this article aims to expound its principal conceptual and theoretical fundamentals, focusing on three central themes: the linkage of different disciplines; recognition of the role of context; and the theoretical basis for the design, implementation, and evaluation of interventions.


Resumen: El desarrollo y estudio de intervenciones para la mejora del cuidado de la salud está perfilándose de otras maneras, moviéndose desde los enfoques más intuitivos, con dominio de la visión biomédica y asentados en el presupuesto de su fácil transferibilidad, hacia el reconocimiento gradual de la necesidad de más planificación y sistematización, con una mayor incorporación de las ciencias sociales y valorización del papel del contexto. La Ciencia de la Mejora del Cuidado de Salud se va estableciendo, propiciando un referencial conceptual y metodológico para tales estudios. Considerando la insipiencia del debate y producción sobre Ciencia de la Mejora del Cuidado de Salud en Brasil, este artículo visa discurrir sobre las principales bases conceptuales y teóricas que lo sostienen, enfocándose en tres temas centrales: la coordinación de diferentes disciplinas; el reconocimiento del papel del contexto; y el fundamento teórico para el diseño, implementación y evaluación de las intervenciones.


Resumo: O desenvolvimento e estudo de intervenções para a melhoria do cuidado de saúde tem ganhado novo contorno, movendo-se das abordagens mais intuitivas, com domínio da visão biomédica e assentadas no pressuposto de fácil transferibilidade, para gradativamente reconhecer a necessidade de mais planejamento e sistematização, com maior incorporação das ciências sociais e valorização do papel do contexto. A Ciência da Melhoria do Cuidado de Saúde vem se estabelecendo, propiciando referencial conceitual e metodológico para tais estudos. Considerando a incipiência do debate e produção sobre Ciência da Melhoria do Cuidado de Saúde no Brasil, este artigo objetiva discorrer sobre as principais bases conceituais e teóricas que a sustentam, com foco em três temas centrais: a articulação de diferentes disciplinas; o reconhecimento do papel do contexto; e o embasamento teórico para o desenho, implementação e avaliação das intervenções.


Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Health Care , Process Assessment, Health Care , Delivery of Health Care , Quality Improvement , Health Policy
20.
Saúde debate ; 39(spe): 145-159, out.-dez. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-774596

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se caracterizar, no âmbito nacional, os modelos de governança das Organizações Socais e das Fundações Estatais de Direito Privado, pressupondo-se que as regras interferem no funcionamento das instituições e na atuação dos atores, com base no referencial analítico do neoinstitucionalismo histórico. Foram caracterizadas especificamente à relação entre o público e o privado e aos mecanismos de controle social, a partir dos marcos legais existentes. A análise evidencia diferenças importantes entre os modelos, especialmente quanto ao alinhamento aos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde. De diferentes formas, os dois modelos são permeáveis ao setor privado e pouco abertos à participação social.


This article aimed to characterize, at national level, the governance models of Social Organizations and State Foundations of Private Law, assuming that the rules interfere with the functioning of institutions and the performance of the actors, based on the analytical framework of historical neo-institutionalism, specifically regarding the relation between the public and the private and the mechanisms of social control, from the existing legal frameworks. The analysis shows important differences between models, especially regarding the alignment to the principles of the Unified Health System. However, in different ways, both models are penetrable to the private sector and less open to social participation.

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