Discrepancies between biomarkers of primary breast cancer and subsequent brain metastases: an international multicenter study.

PURPOSE: Discordances between the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), expression between primary breast tumors and their subsequent brain metastases (BM) were investigated in breast cancer patients. METHODS: We collected retrospective data from 11 institutions in 8 countries in a predefined-standardized format. Receptor status (positive or negative) was determined according to institutional guidelines (immunohistochemically and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization). The study was subject to each institution's ethical research committee. RESULTS: A total of 167 breast cancer patients with BM were included. 25 patients out of 129 with a complete receptor information from both primary tumor and BM (ER, PR, HER2) available, had a change in receptor status: 7 of 26 (27%) ER/PR-positive/HER2-negative primaries (3 gained HER2; 4 lost expression of ER/PR); 10 of 31 (32%) ER/PR-positive/HER2-positive primaries (4 lost ER/PR only; 3 lost HER2 only; 3 lost both ER/PR and HER2); one of 33 (3%) ER/PR-negative receptor/HER2-positive primaries (gained ER); and 7 of 39 (18%) triple-negative primaries (5 gained ER/PR and 2 gained HER2). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of breast cancer patients with BM in this series had primary HER2-enriched tumors, followed by those with a triple-negative profile. One out of 5 patients had a receptor discrepancy between the primary tumor and subsequent BM. Therefore, we advise receptor status assessment of BM in all breast cancer patients with available histology as it may have significant implications for therapy.

Activated carbon from flash pyrolysis of eucalyptus residue.

Forestry waste (eucalyptus sp) was converted into activated carbon by initial flash pyrolysis followed carbonization and CO2 activation. These residues were obtained from a pilot plant in Spain that produces biofuel, the biochar represented 10-15% in weight. It was observed that the highest activation was achieved at a temperature of 800 °C, the specific surface increased with time but, on the contrary, high loss of matter was observed. At 600 °C, although there was an important increase of the specific surface and the volume of micropores, at this temperature it was observed that the activation time was not an influential parameter. Finally, at 400 °C it was observed that the activation process was not very significant. Assessing the average pore diameter it was found that the lowest value corresponded to the activation temperature of 600 °C, which indicated the development of microporosity. When the activation temperature increases up to 800 °C the pore diameter increased developing mesoporosity.

Modelo de los determinantes de la actitud hacia la rehidratación / Model of the determinants of attitudes toward rehydration / Modelo das determinantes da atitude em relação a reidratação

[{"text": "Las políticas de salud suponen que el factor clave de sus programas preventivos está en la participación de la gente \r\nrespecto a su rehidratación, porque esta se considera un instrumento de prevención de las enfermedades crónicas dege\r\n-\r\nnerativas, que han incrementado su tasa de morbilidad recientemente. En tal sentido, el objetivo del presente trabajo es \r\nestablecer un modelo de las relaciones causales entre factores sociodemográficos y cognitivos relativos al consumo de \r\nbebidas. Para tal propósito, se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal y correlacional con una muestra de 100 afiliados a \r\nun hospital público. A partir de un modelo estructural (X2 = 163.873, 28 gl, p = .000; GFI = .875; AGFI = .840; PGF \r\n= .681; RMSEA = .027; RMR = .066), se estableció que la edad determinó negativamente la actitud hacia la rehidra\r\n-\r\ntación (\r\nß \r\n= -.22) mientras que las creencias de rehidratación grupal (CRG) incidieron de manera positiva (\r\nß\r\n = ,47.). En \r\nel marco de las teorías actitudinales, se discutió la inclusión de las normas y percepciones como sus determinantes.", "_i": "es"}, {"text": "Health policies assume that the key factor in their preven\r\n-\r\ntion programs is the participation of the people regarding \r\nrehydration, which is considered as an instrument of \r\nprevention of chronic degenerative diseases that in recent \r\ndays have increased it morbidity rate. The purpose of this \r\narticle is to establish a model of contributing relation\r\n-\r\nships between sociodemographic and cognitive factors \r\nrelated to beverage consumption. A cross-sectional and \r\ncorrelational study was performed with a sample of 100 \r\nmembers of a public hospital. From a structural model \r\n(X2 = 163,873, 28 df, p = .000, GFI = .875, AGFI = .840; \r\nPGF = .681, RMSEA = .027, RMR = 0.066) age deter\r\n-mined adversely rehydration attitude (\r\nß\r\n = -.22) while \r\nRehydration Beliefs Group (RBG) had a positive impact \r\n(\r\nß\r\n =, 47.) under the attitudinal theories, the inclusion \r\nof norms and perceptions and their determinants was \r\ndiscussed.", "_i": "en"}, {"text": "As políticas de saúde supõem que o fator-chave nos seus \r\nprogramas de prevenção é a participação das pessoas \r\nem relação à sua hidratação, que é considerado como \r\num instrumento para a prevenção de doenças degena\r\n-\r\ntivas crônicas que ultimamente têm aumentado a taxa de \r\nmorbidez. O propósito deste artigo é estabelecer relações \r\ncontribuintes entre fatores sócio-demográficos e cogni\r\n-\r\ntivos relacionados ao consumo de bebidas. Para isso, \r\nfoi realizado um estudo transversal e correlacional com \r\numa amostra de 100 membros de um hospital público. A \r\npartir de um modelo estrutural (X2 = 163.873, 28 gl, p \r\n= .000; GFI = .875; AGFI = .840; PGF = .681; RMSEA \r\n= .027; RMR = 0.066), a idade determino negativamente \r\na atitude de reidratação (\r\nß\r\n = - 0,22), enquanto o Grupo \r\nCrenças de Reidratação (GCR) teve um impacto posi\r\n-\r\ntivo (\r\nß\r\n =, 47.). De acordo com as teorias atitudinais, a \r\ninclusão de normas e percepções e seus determinantes \r\nforam discutidas.", "_i": "pt"}]