Characteristics of young lung cancer: Analysis of Taiwan's nationwide lung cancer registry focusing on epidermal growth factor receptor mutation and smoking status.

Lung cancer is relatively rare in young patients as the median age at diagnosis is 65-70 years. The main objective of this nationwide study was to investigate the characteristics of young lung cancer in Taiwan, especially the relationships among smoking behavior, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, and age. The National Taiwan Lung Cancer Registry, a database contain detailed cancer statistics, was analyzed in this study for the period 2011-2012. Young lung cancer was defined as age ≦ 45 years. There were 21,536 lung cancer patients (13,187 men and 8349 women). Among these patients, 1074 (5.0%) were in the younger group, and 20,462 patients (95.0%) were in the older group. Female gender (48.8% versus 38.2%, P < 0.001), never-smokers (47.3% versus 43.8%, P = 0.015), and adenocarcinoma (70.4% versus 58.1%, P < 0.001) were more frequent in the younger group. While the EGFR mutation rate was lower in the younger group (52.5% versus 60.6%, P = 0.001), the primary site of lung cancer and stage distribution were not significantly different. If only adenocarcinoma patients were included in the analysis, female gender, older age, and never-smokers were more likely to have EGFR mutation. In conclusion, lung cancer in young patients (≦ 45 year-old) was associated with unique characteristics, with greater percentages of female patients, adenocarcinoma, and never-smokers and a lower EGFR mutation rate compared with older patients.

Predicting Factors and Risk Stratification for Return Visits to the Emergency Department Within 72 Hours in Pediatric Patients.

OBJECTIVES: A return visit (RV) to the emergency department (ED) is usually used as a quality indicator for EDs. A thorough comprehension of factors affecting RVs is beneficial to enhancing the quality of emergency care. We performed this study to identify pediatric patients at high risk of RVs using readily available characteristics during an ED visit. METHODS: We retrospectively collected data of pediatric patients visiting 6 branches of an urban hospital during 2007. Potential variables were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine factors associated with RVs and a classification and regression tree technique to identify high-risk groups. RESULTS: Of the 35,435 visits from which patients were discharged home, 2291 (6.47%) visits incurred an RV within 72 hours. On multivariable analysis, younger age, weekday visits, diagnoses belonging to the category of symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions, and being seen by a female physician were associated with a higher probability of RVs. Children younger than 6.5 years who visited on weekdays or between midnight and 8:00 AM on weekends or holidays had the highest probability of returning to the ED within 72 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reexamined several important factors that could affect RVs of pediatric patients to the ED and identified high-risk groups of RVs. Further intervention studies or qualitative research could be targeted on these at-risk groups.

Survival status of veterans with lung cancer is poorer than that among civilians due to age and sex differences: a study of Chinese veterans in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to analyze and compare the clinical characteristics and survival difference among veterans and civilians in Taiwan with lung cancer, especially non-small-cell lung cancer, and to determine whether or not veterans have a poorer prognosis than civilians. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and computer files of lung cancer patients diagnosed between 1996 and 2000 at our hospital. Patients' clinical characteristics, marital status, staging, treatment modality, and overall survival were analyzed and compared, based on the patients' standing as veterans or civilians. RESULTS: During this period, 3,727 lung cancer patients (2,386 veterans, 1,341 civilians) were diagnosed. The overall survival of all lung cancer patients showed that civilians had better survival than veterans (median, 12 months vs. 8 months, p < 0.001). Survival of non-small-cell lung cancer patients was also better for civilians than veterans (median, 13 months vs. 9 months, p < 0.001). Surgery was the main treatment modality in both stage I and II civilians and veterans. A greater proportion of veterans in stage II and III received radiotherapy than civilians in the same stage, with a statistically significant difference in stage III patients (p < 0.001). Multivariate survival analysis showed that age and sex were independent risk factors for mortality, while standing (veteran or civilian) was not, in both all lung cancers and non-small-cell lung cancer alone. CONCLUSION: Veterans, who mainly came from China, had a poorer prognosis than civilians when suffering from lung cancer in Taiwan, due to age and gender, rather than standing.