Diselenophene-Dithioalkylthiophene Based Quinoidal Small Molecules for Ambipolar Organic Field Effect Transistors.

This work presents a series of novel quinoidal organic semiconductors based on diselenophene-dithioalkylthiophene (DSpDST) conjugated cores with various side-chain lengths (-thiohexyl, -thiodecyl, and -thiotetradecyl, designated DSpDSTQ-6, DSpDSTQ-10, and DSpDSTQ-14, respectively). The purpose of this research is to develop solution-processable organic semiconductors using dicyanomethylene end-capped organic small molecules for organic field effect transistors (OFETs) application. The physical, electrochemical, and electrical properties of these new DSpDSTQs are systematically studied, along with their performance in OFETs and thin film morphologies. Additionally, the molecular structures of DSpDSTQ are determined through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The results reveal the presence of intramolecular S (alkyl)···Se (selenophene) interactions, which result in a planar SR-containing DSpDSTQ core, thereby promoting extended π-orbital interactions and efficient charge transport in the OFETs. Moreover, the influence of thioalkyl side chain length on surface morphologies and microstructures is investigated. Remarkably, the compound with the shortest thioalkyl chain, DSpDSTQ-6, demonstrates ambipolar carrier transport with the highest electron and hole mobilities of 0.334 and 0.463 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. These findings highlight the excellence of ambipolar characteristics of solution-processable OFETs based on DSpDSTQs even under ambient conditions.

Suprascapular nerve release does not provide additional benefits in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of suprascapular nerve release in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery. METHODS: This systematic review was performed to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs that compared the outcomes of patients who did and did not receive suprascapular nerve release (SSNR) during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery. MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for relevant studies. Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS) was used for cohort study assessment. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool (version 1.0) was used to assess the risk of bias in randomized trials. The primary outcomes were pain and shoulder function. The secondary outcome was the re-tear rate. RESULTS: Two RCTs and three non-RCTs with a total of 187 patients (90 patients received SSNR and 97 patients did not receive SSNR) were included in this systematic review. The meta-analysis revealed that the SSNR group did not had a more pain reduction, assessed by visual analogue scale, compared to the non-SSNR group. Also, the SSNR group did not have a significantly more improvement in the UCLA score, compared to the non-SSNR group. In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of Constant score and re-tear rate. CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study showed that additional suprascapular nerve release did not provide additional benefit in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery. Routine arthroscopic SSNR is not recommended when treating patients with rotator cuff tear. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated with High Mortality Risk in Patients with Diabetes after Primary Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

The number of diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing shoulder arthroplasty is growing. This study aims to compare perioperative outcomes of shoulder arthroplasty in diabetic patients at different renal function stages. Between 1998 and 2013, a total of 4443 diabetic patients with shoulder arthroplasty were enrolled: 1174 (26%) had CKD without dialysis (CKD group), 427 (9%) underwent dialysis (dialysis group), and 3042 (68%) had no CKD (non-CKD group). Compared with the non-CKD group, the CKD (odds ratio [OR], 4.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.02-10.89) and dialysis (OR, 6.71; 95% CI, 1.63-27.73) groups had a high risk of in-hospital death. The dialysis group had a high risk of infection after shoulder arthroplasty compared with the CKD (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 1.69; 95% CI, 1.07-2.69) and non-CKD (SHR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.14-2.73) groups. The dialysis group showed higher risks of all-cause readmission and mortality than the CKD and non-CKD groups after a 3-month follow-up. In conclusion, CKD was associated with worse outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty. Compared with those without CKD, CKD patients had significantly increased readmission and mortality risks but did not have an increased risk of surgical complications, including superficial infection or implant removal.