KIF4A promotes tumor progression of bladder cancer via CXCL5 dependent myeloid-derived suppressor cells recruitment.

Although KIF4A has been found to play an important role in a variety of tumors and is closely associated with the activation of immunocytes, its role in bladder cancer (BC) remains unclear. Here, we report increased expression of KIF4A in both lymph node-positive and high grade BC tissues. High expression of KIF4A has been significantly correlated with fewer CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and a much worse prognosis in patients with BC. With respect to promoting tumor growth, the expression of KIF4A in promoting tumor growth was more pronounced in immune-competent mice (C57BL/6) than in immunodeficient mice (BALB/C). In addition, the more increased accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) was observed in tumor-bearing mice with KIF4A overexpression than in the control group. Transwell chemotaxis assays revealed that KIF4A overexpression in T24 cells increased MDSC recruitment. Furthermore, according to ELISA results, CXCL5 was the most noticeably increased cytokine in the KIF4A-transduced BC cells. Additional studies in vitro and in vivo showed that the capability of KIF4A to promote BC cells to recruit MDSCs could be significantly inhibited by anti-CXCL5 antibody. Therefore, our results demonstrated that KIF4A-mediated BC production of CXCL5 led to an increase in MDSC recruitment, which contributed to tumor progression.

Computed tomography urography for diagnosis of calyceal diverticulum complicated by urolithiasis: the accuracy and the effect of abdominal compression and prolongation of acquisition delay.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of computed tomography urography (CTU) in the detection of caliceal diverticulum (CD) complicated with urolithiasis and the effect of compression and prolongation of acquisition delay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All data were collected from a previous research between 2002 and 2011 at 3 hospitals. A total of 182 patients with evidence of renal parenchymal cystic lesion with calcific density were evaluated by CTU. Excretory phase imaging was acquired at 10 minutes and 60 minutes for each patient. Eighty-three patients received abdominal compression intervention during 10-minutes delay. RESULTS: CDs with stones were finally diagnosed in 41 patients (22.5%). Opacification within an apparent cyst was found in 31 patients (75.6%) when excretory phase images were acquired at 10 minutes and 38 patients (92.7%) at 60 minutes. The sensitivity and accuracy were significantly better with 60-minutes delay than with 10-minutes delay (92.7% vs 75.6%, P = .016 and 97.8% vs 94.0%, P = .016, respectively). The diagnostic results of compression group had significantly higher sensitivity and accuracy than that of the noncompression group (94.4% vs 60.9%, P = .025 and 98.8% vs 90.9%, P = .023, respectively). CONCLUSION: It is important to distinguish CD from other diseases such as complex cyst when diagnosing a renal parenchymal cystic lesion with wall calcification. CTU has high sensitivity and accuracy in the detection of CD. Abdominal compression and longer imaging delay can significantly improve the diagnostic effect of CTU.

[Technique of running urethrovesical anastomosis during radical laparoscopic prostatectomy: separate application of two needles].

OBJECTIVE: To study the value and feasibility of a novel method of urethrovesical anastomosis during radical laparoscopic prostatectomy. METHODS: From 2008 to 2009, 10 patients with local prostate cancer (LPC) underwent radical laparoscopic prostatectomy through the placement of two separate needles for running urethrovesical anastomosis. The first step comprised the first stitch placed in the posterior wall of anastomosis (at 4 o'clock) and then clockwise running suture from 4 to 12 o'clock position. The next steps entailed another needle, stitching at 3 o'clock position and counterclockwise running suture. Two sutures would meet at 12 o'clock position for the third and final knot. When the position of urinary leak was observed, an additional suture would be performed. RESULTS: This technique was performed in 10 patients with a mean anastomosis duration of 30 minutes (range: 25 - 45) and a mean operative duration of 220 minutes (range: 200 - 300). The Foley catheter was implanted for 14 days. Neither bladder neck stricture nor urinary leak was observed with a follow-up period of 3 - 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: The described technique is a feasible and safe method for urethrovesical anastomosis with a low rate of complications. And it may be quickly mastered so as to lower the learning curve of a novice.