Recent progress of ferroptosis in cancers and drug discovery.

Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death characterized by iron dependence and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis is involved in a range of pathological processes, such as cancer. Many studies have confirmed that ferroptosis plays an essential role in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. In addition, a series of small-molecule compounds have been developed, including erastin, RSL3, and FIN56, which can be used as ferroptosis inducers. The combination of ferroptosis inducers with anticancer drugs can produce a significant synergistic effect in cancer treatment, and patients treated with these combinations exhibit a better prognosis than patients receiving traditional therapy. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the roles of ferroptosis in cancer is of great significance for the treatment of cancer. This review mainly elaborates the molecular biological characteristics and mechanism of ferroptosis, summarizes the function of ferroptosis in cancer development and treatment,illustrates the application of ferroptosis in patient's prognosis prediction and drug discovery, and discusses the prospects of targeting ferroptosis.

Cohort Profile: the prospective cohort study on the incidence of metabolic diseases and risk factors in Shunde, China (Speed-Shunde Cohort).

AIMS: The objective of the prospective cohort study on the incidence of metabolic diseases and risk factors in Shunde (Speed-Shunde cohort) was to evaluate the incidence of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and metabolic-associated multimorbidity, such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong, China. Additionally, the study sought to identify the potential determinants that may impact the development of these conditions and the potential consequences that may result. METHODS AND RESULT: In the Speed-Shunde cohort, data were gathered via questionnaires, physical measurements, and laboratory analyses encompassing demographic data, behavioral tendencies, anthropometric assessments, controlled attenuation parameters and liver stiffness measurement utilizing vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), as well as serum and urine detection (such as oral 75g glucose tolerance tests, hemoglobin A1c levels, lipid profiles, liver and renal function tests, urinary microalbumin and creatinine levels, etc.). The baseline data were gathered from October 2021 to September 2022 from over 10,000 Chinese community-based adults and the follow-up surveys would be conducted every two or three years. Blood and urine samples were obtained and stored for future omics data acquisition. Initial analyses revealed the prevalence and risk factors associated with metabolic-associated multimorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: The Speed-Shunde Cohort study is a longitudinal community-based cohort with comprehensive CKM health and metabolic-associated multimorbidity assessment. It will provide valuable insights into these conditions' development, progression, and interrelationships, potentially informing future prevention and treatment strategies.

CD2 glycoprotein and CD44 structure and prevention of diabetes nephropathy: Central characteristics of related genes based on WGCNA and PPI.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by complex pathogenesis that involves numerous molecules and signaling pathways. Among these, CD2 glycoprotein and CD44 play pivotal roles in cell adhesion, signal transduction, and inflammatory responses, potentially contributing significantly to the onset and progression of DN. This study aimed to investigate the central features of CD2 glycoprotein and CD44 in preventing diabetic nephropathy. To achieve this, kidney tissue sample data from DN patients were sourced from a public gene expression database. The roles of CD2 glycoprotein and CD44 within the PPI network were then analyzed, focusing on their interactions with other related genes. WGCNA analysis identified several significant gene modules associated with DN, including CD2 glycoprotein and CD44. PPI network analysis showed that these two proteins had a high degree of connectivity in the network, suggesting that they may be central regulatory molecules of DN. Further functional enrichment analysis revealed the potentially important role of CD2 glycoprotein and CD44 in diabetic nephropathy.

High-level ceftriaxone resistance due to transfer of penA allele 60.001 into endemic gonococcal lineages in Hangzhou, China.

OBJECTIVES: Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains associated with the high-level ceftriaxone-resistant FC428 clone or containing its main resistance determinant, penA allele 60.001, have shown global transmission. In Hangzhou, China, 10% of the isolates were associated with the FC428 clone in 2019. Here, we investigated ceftriaxone resistance and the prevalence of FC428-associated strains in Hangzhou in 2020-22. METHODS: A total of 209 gonococcal isolates were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility to ceftriaxone and other antibiotics by agar dilution method. Sequence types and penA alleles were determined by PCR and sequence analysis. RESULTS: Resistance to ceftriaxone (MIC > 0.125 mg/L) was observed for 16% (33/209) of the isolates, whereas 6.7% (14/209) of the isolates displayed high-level ceftriaxone resistance (MIC = 1 mg/L). These 14 high-level ceftriaxone-resistant isolates and another isolate displaying an MIC = 0.25 mg/L contained penA allele 60.001, with eight of these isolates, all from 2020 to 2021 belonging to MLST ST1903, the sequence type commonly associated with the original FC428 clone. Importantly, the six penA allele 60.001-containing isolates from 2022 belonged to MLST ST8123, ST7365 and ST7367, which are among the most frequently encountered sequence types found in China. Therefore, these results indicate that endemic lineages in China have acquired penA allele 60.001. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we report continued transmission of gonococcal strains associated with the FC428 clone or containing penA allele 60.001 in Hangzhou. A major concern for public health is the acquisition of penA allele 60.001 by successful endemic lineages, which might enhance the transmission of this high-level ceftriaxone resistance trait.

Optimization of Fuzzy Control Parameters for Wind Farms and Battery Energy Storage Systems Based on an Enhanced Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm under Multi-Source Sensor Data.

With the rapid development of sensors and other devices, precise control for the generation of new energy, especially in the context of highly stochastic wind power generation, has been strongly supported. However, large-scale wind farm grid connection can cause the power system to enter a low inertia state, leading to frequency instability. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) have the advantages of a fast response speed and high flexibility, and can be applied to wind farm systems to improve the frequency fluctuation problem in the process of grid connection. To address the frequency fluctuation problem caused by the parameter error of the fuzzy membership function in the fuzzy control of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and a BESS, this paper proposes an improved Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm based on multi-source sensor data for optimizing the fuzzy controller to improve the frequency control ability of BESSs and DFIGs. A Gaussian wandering mechanism was introduced to improve the ABC algorithm and enhance the convergence speed of the algorithm, and the improved ABC algorithm was optimized for the selection of fuzzy control affiliation function parameters to improve the frequency response performance. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was verified on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform. After optimization using the proposed control strategy, the oscillation amplitude was reduced by 0.15 Hz, the precision was increased by 40%, and the steady-state frequency deviation was reduced by 26%. The results show that the method proposed in this paper provides a great improvement in the frequency stability of coordinated systems of wind farms and BESSs.

The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic and transcranial direct current stimulation on memory functions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition that impairs activities of daily living, and often transforms to dementia. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) show promise in improving cognitive functions in MCI patients. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to compare the effects of rTMS and tDCS on memory functions in MCI patients. We explored eight databases from their inception to March 16, 2024. We obtained 11 studies with 406 patients with MCI. We used the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) to synthesize the effect size. rTMS and tDCS significantly improved memory functions in MCI patients (SMD = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.41-0.82; p < 0.00001; I2 = 22%). In subgroup analysis of number of stimulation sessions, both rTMS and tDCS over 10 sessions (SMD = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.50-1.17, p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%) significantly improved the memory function in MCI patients. The subgroup analyses on different stimulation types (SMD = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.51-1.06; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) and treatment persistent effects (SMD = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.51-1.35, p < 0.0001, I2 = 0%) showed that rTMS was more effective than tDCS. rTMS with a stimulation frequency of 10 Hz (SMD = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.51-1.21; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) and over 10 sessions (SMD = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.58-1.38; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) at multiple sites (SMD = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.44-1.49; p = 0.0003; I2 = 0%) showed a great improvement in the memory performance of patients with MCI. rTMS was more likely to appear temporary side effects (risk ratio (RR) = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.29-7.83, p = 0.01). This meta-analysis suggests that rTMS and tDCS are safe and efficient tools to improve memory functions in patients with MCI, while rTMS had a larger effect than tDCS. rTMS with a stimulation frequency of 10 Hz targeted on multiple sites over 10 sessions showed the greatest effect. We could not conclude parameters of tDCS because of insufficient data. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024558991.

Clinical significance of modified unilateral puncture percutaneous vertebroplasty guided by 3D- printed guides in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of using 3D printing guides in modified unilateral puncture percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF), and to explore a new method for preventing paravertebral vein leakage during PVP in conjunction with a previous study of the optimal puncture-side bone cement/vertebral volume ratio(PSBCV/VV%). METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 99 patients who underwent unilateral puncture PVP between January 2023 and December 2023. Patients were divided into a guide plate group (46 patients) and a conventional group (53 patients). The guide plate group underwent modified unilateral puncture PVP with the guidance of 3D printing guides, while the conventional group underwent unilateral puncture PVP using the conventional pedicle approach. The distribution of bone cement, surgical outcomes, and the occurrence of cement leakage into paravertebral veins were observed in both groups. RESULTS: The guide plate group had significantly shorter operating time and required fewer fluoroscopies compared to the conventional group. The amount of bone cement volume (BCV) used in the guide plate group was higher, but the amount of bone cement volume on the puncture side(PSBCV), the PSBCV/VV%, and the rate of paravertebral vein leakage were lower in the guide plate group compared to the conventional group (P < 0.05). Within each group, significant improvements in anterior vertebral margin height, Cobb angle, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were observed at 1 day and 1 month postoperatively compared to preoperative values (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Using 3D printing guides in modified unilateral puncture PVP is a safe and effective method for treating OVCF. And it has the advantages of short operation time, less fluoroscopy, even distribution of bone cement, and a low rate of paravertebral vein leakage.

m6A modification of VEGFA mRNA by RBM15/YTHDF2/IGF2BP3 contributes to angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) plays a critical role as a potent angiogenesis factor and is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the expression of VEGFA has been strongly linked to the aggressive nature of HCC, the specific posttranscriptional modifications that might contribute to VEGFA expression and HCC angiogenesis are not yet well understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the epitranscriptome regulation of VEGFA in HCC. A comprehensive analysis integrating MeRIP-seq, RNA-seq, and crosslinking-immunprecipitation-seq data revealed that VEGFA was hypermethylated in HCC and identified the potential m6A regulators of VEGFA including a m6A methyltransferase complex component RBM15 and the two readers, YTHDF2 and IGF2BP3. Through rigorous cell and molecular biology experiments, RBM15 was validated as a key component of methyltransferase complex responsible for m6A methylation of VEGFA, which was subsequently recognized and stabilized by IGF2BP3 and YTHDF2, leading to enhanced VEGFA expression and VEGFA-related functions such as human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) migration and tube formation. In the HCC xenograft model, knockdown of RBM15, IGF2BP3, or YTHDF2 resulted in reduced expression of VEGFA, accompanied by significant inhibition of tumor growth closely associated with VEGFA expression and angiogenesis. Furthermore, our analysis of HCC clinical samples identified positive correlations between the expression levels of VEGFA and the regulators RBM15, IGF2BP3, and YTHDF2. Collectively, these findings offer novel insights into the posttranscriptional modulation of VEGFA and provide potential avenues for alternative approaches to antiangiogenesis therapy targeting VEGFA.

TIMP1 promotes thyroid cancer cell progression through macrophage phenotypic polarization via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Increasing evidence suggests that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) played a pivotal role in immune regulation. Our study focused on examining the expression and function of TIMP1 in humans, particularly in its regulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We observed an upregulation of TIMP1 in 16 different types of malignancies, including thyroid cancer. TIMP1 shaped the inflammatory TME in PTC. Inhibiting the expression of TIMP1 has been demonstrated to reduce the malignant biological traits of PTC cells. Furthermore, reducing TIMP1 expression impeded M2 macrophage polarization as well as facilitated M1 macrophage polarization in PTC. ELISA results demonstrated that downregulated TIMP1 expression correlated with decreased levels of IL10 and TGF-ß in cell supernatants. Furthermore, the supernatant from polarized macrophages in the TIMP1-silenced group inhibited the motility of wild-type PTC cells. Therefore, TIMP1 may enhance the progression of PTC by stimulating the PI3K/AKT pathway via the secretion of IL10 and TGF-ß, consequently influencing M2-type polarization in TAMs.

Accuracy and influencing factors of Type B2 vessels in predicting the invasion depth of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma under narrow-band imaging magnifying endoscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of Type B2 based on narrow-band imaging-magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME) in judging invasion depth of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC) and analyze potential influencing factors. METHOD: Data from 113 patients where Type B2 was observed by magnifying endoscopy and confirmed by postoperative pathology as SESCC at the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University and Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 2015 to April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into correct prediction and incorrect prediction groups according to the postoperative pathological results, and the prediction accuracy was calculated. The incorrect prediction group was further divided into overestimation and underestimation groups to identify the influential factors for overprediction and underprediction, respectively. The independent influential factors for the prediction were assessed using multivariate Cox logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: B2-narrow (Type B2 area ≤ 5 mm) (p < 0.001) and Type B2 around erosion (p = 0.040) were independent risk factors of overpredicting the invasion depth of SESCC based on Type B2. The presence of significant endoscopic features was an independent protective factor for overpredicting the invasion depth of SESCC (p = 0.014), whereas the presence of significant features under endoscopy was an independent risk factor for the underprediction (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: B2-narrow (Type B2 area ≤ 5 mm), Type B2 vessels around erosion, and non- significant endoscopic features are closely related to overpredicting the invasion depth of SESCC based on Type B2, and the presence of significant endoscopic features is closely associated with underprediction.

The AKT inhibitor AZD5363 elicits synthetic lethality in ARID1A-deficient gastric cancer cells via induction of pyroptosis.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is a deadly disease with poor overall survival and limited therapeutic options. Genetic alterations such as mutations and/or deletions in chromatin remodeling gene AT-rich interactive domain 1 A (ARID1A) occur frequently in GC. Although ARID1A mutations/deletions are not a druggable target for conventional treatments, novel therapeutic strategies based on a synthetic lethal approach may be effective for the treatment of ARID1A-deficient cancers. METHODS: A kinase inhibitor library containing 551 compounds was screened in ARID1A isogenic GC cells for the ability to induce synthetic lethality effect. Selected hits' activity was validated, and the mechanism of the most potent candidate drug, AKT inhibitor AD5363 (capivasertib), on induction of the synthetic lethality with ARID1A deficiency was investigated. RESULTS: After robust vulnerability screening of 551 diverse protein kinase inhibitors, we identified the AKT inhibitor AZD5363 as being the most potent lead compound in inhibiting viability of ARID1A-/- cells. A synthetic lethality between loss of ARID1A expression and AKT inhibition by AZD5363 was validated in both GC cell model system and xenograft model. Mechanistically, AZD5363 treatment induced pyroptotic cell death in ARID1A-deficient GC cells through activation of the Caspase-3/GSDME pathway. Furthermore, ARID1A occupied the AKT gene promoter and regulated its transcription negatively, thus the GC cells deficient in ARID1A showed increased expression and phosphorylation of AKT. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates a novel synthetic lethality interaction and unique mechanism between ARID1A loss and AKT inhibition, which may provide a therapeutic and mechanistic rationale for targeted therapy on patients with ARID1A-defective GC who are most likely to be beneficial to AZD5363 treatment.

Patient-Reported Outcomes in Chinese Patients with Locally Advanced or Recurrent Colorectal Cancer After Pelvic Exenteration.

BACKGROUND: Pelvic exenteration (PE) is often the only curative treatment option for selected locally advanced and locally recurrent colorectal cancer associated with significant morbidity. Open and laparoscopic approaches were accepted for this procedure. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the Chinese patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after PE. METHODS: A total of 122 enrolled participants were asked to complete PROs at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after PE. PROs included seven symptoms from the National Cancer Institute's Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE). The HRQoL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal (FACT-C). RESULTS: The overall postoperative complication rate was 41.0%. Patients experienced lower physical and functional well-being and FACT-C 1 month after surgery, then gradually recovered. The FACT-C score returned to baseline 9 months after surgery. Social and emotional well-being did not show signs of recovery until 6 months after the surgical procedure, and did not fully return to baseline until 12 months post-surgery. Symptom rates of insomnia, anxiety, discouragement, and sadness (composite score >0) did not improve significantly from baseline until 12 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: PE is a feasible treatment choice for locally advanced primary and recurrent colorectal cancer. Social, psychological, and emotional recovery in the Chinese population after PE tends to be slower compared with the physical condition.

Improving diagnostic confidence in low-dose dual-energy CTE with low energy level and deep learning reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the value of using 50 keV virtual monochromatic images with deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) in low-dose dual-energy CT enterography (CTE). METHODS: In this prospective study, 114 participants (62 % M; 41.9 ± 16 years) underwent dual-energy CTE. The early-enteric phase was performed using standard-dose (noise index (NI): 8) and images were reconstructed at 70 keV and 50 keV with 40 % strength ASIR-V (ASIR-V40%). The late-enteric phase used low-dose (NI: 12) and images were reconstructed at 50 keV with ASIR-V40%, and DLIR at medium (DLIR-M) and high strength (DLIR-H). Image standard deviation (SD), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), edge-rise-slope (ERS) were computed. The quantitative comb sign score was calculated for the 27 patients with Crohn's disease. The subjective noise, image contrast, display of rectus artery were scored using a 5-point scale by two radiologists blindly. RESULTS: Effective dose was reduced by 50 % (P < 0.001) in the late-enteric phase to 3.26 mSv. The lower-dose 50 keV-DLIR-H images (SD:17.7 ± 0.5HU) had similar image noise (P = 0.97) as the standard-dose 70 keV-ASIR-V40% images (SD:17.7 ± 0.73HU), but with higher (P < 0.001) SNR, CNR, ERS and quantitative comb sign score (5.7 ± 0.17, 1.8 ± 0.12, 156.04 ± 5.21 and 5.05 ± 0.73, respectively). Furthermore, the lower-dose 50 keV-DLIR-H images obtained the highest score in the rectus artery visibility (4.27 ± 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: The 50 keV images in dual-energy CTE with DLIR provides high-quality images, with a 50 % reduction in radiation dose. Images with high contrast and density resolutions significantly enhance the diagnostic confidence of Crohn's disease and are essential for the clinical development of individualized treatment plans.

Identification of the serum metabolites associated with cow milk consumption in Chinese Peri-/Postmenopausal women.

Cow milk consumption (CMC) and downstream alterations of serum metabolites are commonly considered important factors regulating human health status. Foods may lead to metabolic changes directly or indirectly through remodelling gut microbiota (GM). We sought to identify the metabolic alterations in Chinese Peri-/Postmenopausal women with habitual CMC and explore if the GM mediates the CMC-metabolite associations. 346 Chinese Peri-/Postmenopausal women participants were recruited in this study. Fixed effects regression and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to reveal alterations of serum metabolic features in different CMC groups. Spearman correlation coefficient was computed to detect metabolome-metagenome association. 36 CMC-associated metabolites including palmitic acid (FA(16:0)), 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesterin-3-one (7alphaC4), citrulline were identified by both fixed effects regression (FDR < 0.05) and PLS-DA (VIP score > 2). Some significant metabolite-GM associations were observed, including FA(16:0) with gut species Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides sp.D2. These findings would further prompt our understanding of the effect of cow milk on human health.

Injectable and Sprayable Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Rapid Real-Time Detection of Human Colorectal Tumors.

The development of minimally invasive surgery has greatly advanced precision tumor surgery, but sometime suffers from restricted visualization of the surgical field, especially during the removal of abdominal tumors. A 3-D inspection of tumors could be achieved by intravenously injecting tumor-selective fluorescent probes, whereas most of which are unable to instantly distinguish tumors via in situ spraying, which is urgently needed in the process of surgery in a convenient manner. In this study, this work has designed an injectable and sprayable fluorescent nanoprobe, termed Poly-g-BAT, to realize rapid tumor imaging in freshly dissected human colorectal tumors and animal models. Mechanistically, the incorporation of γ-glutamyl group facilitates the rapid internalization of Poly-g-BAT, and these internalized nanoprobes can be subsequently activated by intracellular NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 to release near-infrared fluorophores. As a result, Poly-g-BAT can achieve a superior tumor-to-normal ratio (TNR) up to 12.3 and enable a fast visualization (3 min after in situ spraying) of tumor boundaries in the xenograft tumor models, Apcmin/+ mice models and fresh human tumor tissues. In addition, Poly-g-BAT is capable of identifying minimal premalignant lesions via intravenous injection.

Incidence distributions, risk factors and trends of vaginal cancer: A global population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors and trends for vaginal cancer. DESIGN: Retrospective observational design. SETTING: Data were collected from multiple sources, including the Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus, Global Burden of Disease, World Bank and the United Nations. POPULATION: Individuals diagnosed with vaginal cancer. METHODS: The study collected data on vaginal cancer from the specified sources. The age-standardised rate (ASR) of vaginal cancer was calculated for different regions and age groups. Multivariable and univariable linear regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between risk factors and the incidence of vaginal cancer. Trend analysis was conducted using joinpoint regression analysis, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated to quantify the temporal trend. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures of the study were the incidence of vaginal cancer, risk factors associated with the disease and the trend of its incidence over time. RESULTS: There were 17 908 newly reported cases of vaginal cancer (ASR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.30-0.44) in 2020, with the highest ASRs reported in South-Central Asia and Southern Africa. Risk factors associated with a higher incidence of vaginal cancer included a higher prevalence of unsafe sex and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The temporal trend showed an overall rising incidence globally, with Iceland (AAPC = 29.56, 95% CI 12.12-49.71), Chile (AAPC = 22.83, 95% CI 13.20-33.27), Bahrain (AAPC = 22.05, 95% CI 10.83-34.40) and the UK (AAPC = 1.40, 95% CI 0.41-2.39) demonstrating the most significant rising trends. CONCLUSIONS: The significant regional disparities and risk factors associated with vaginal cancer underscore the necessity for targeted interventions and education, particularly in regions with a lower human development index (HDI) and a higher prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The increasing incidence trend emphasises the need for enhanced HPV vaccination rates to prevent the development of vaginal cancer.

Preparation of Conductive Cellulose Coated with Conductive Polymer and Its Application in the Detection of pH and Characteristic Substances in Sweat.

Rich biological information in sweat provides great potential for health monitoring and management. However, due to the complexity of sweat, the development of environmentally friendly green electronic products is of great significance to the construction of ecological civilization. This study utilized a simple combination of polystyrene sulfonate sodium (PSS) and filter paper (FP) to prepare cellulose materials coated with conductive polymers, developing an electrochemical sensor based on the modified materials. The mechanical and electrochemical properties of the fabricated PSS/FP membrane were optimized by adjusting the feeding dosage of PSS. The realized PSS/FP composite containing 7% PSS displayed good conductivity (9.1 × 10-2 S/m), reducing electric resistance by 99.2% compared with the original FP membrane (6.7 × 10-4 S/m). The stable current of the membrane in simulated sweat under different pH environments is highly correlated with the pH values. Additionally, when the membrane is exposed to simulated sweat with varying ion concentrations, the current signal changes in real time with the concentration variations. The response time averages around 0.3 s.