ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) readers of mammograms compare favourably to individual radiologists in detecting breast cancer. However, AI readers cannot perform at the level of multi-reader systems used by screening programs in countries such as Australia, Sweden, and the UK. Therefore, implementation demands human-AI collaboration. Here, we use a large, high-quality retrospective mammography dataset from Victoria, Australia to conduct detailed simulations of five potential AI-integrated screening pathways, and examine human-AI interaction effects to explore automation bias. Operating an AI reader as a second reader or as a high confidence filter improves current screening outcomes by 1.9-2.5% in sensitivity and up to 0.6% in specificity, achieving 4.6-10.9% reduction in assessments and 48-80.7% reduction in human reads. Automation bias degrades performance in multi-reader settings but improves it for single-readers. This study provides insight into feasible approaches for AI-integrated screening pathways and prospective studies necessary prior to clinical adoption.
Subject(s)
Artificial Intelligence , Breast Neoplasms , Early Detection of Cancer , Mammography , Humans , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Female , Mammography/methods , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Retrospective Studies , Middle Aged , Victoria/epidemiology , Aged , Mass Screening/methods , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Supplemental material is available for this article. Keywords: Mammography, Screening, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. See also the commentary by Cadrin-Chênevert in this issue.
ABSTRACT
Chylous ascites is a rare clinical entity that historically has been accompanied by high mortality due to the association with malignancy. Here we present a case of chylous ascites as a complication of mild pancreatitis in a young woman. We review the literature of similar cases, which revealed four similar cases with a range of outcomes. Treatment options vary from dietary restriction of medium chain fatty acids, total parental nutrition, radiological intervention and surgery.