ABSTRACT
AIM: To summarize the data of epidemiological studies on cataract prevalence over 50 years old in urban and rural areas of China from 2000 to 2020, and to analyze the prevalence of cataract and operation rate in China. METHODS: By searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Wanfang Data and CNKI, Chinese and English literatures on the prevalence of cataract in China were retrieved, and the relevant characteristic data were extracted. Then, Stata v15SE software was used for Meta-analysis and heterogeneity test. According to the results of heterogeneity, the corresponding effect models were selected to combine the extracted data. RESULTS: A total of 20 studies were included in this study, with a total of 111 434 cases. Meta-analysis showed heterogeneity. According to the random effect model, the overall prevalence of cataract in Chinese people over 50 years old was 27.45%, that in rural was 28.79%, and that in urban was 26.66%. The overall coverage rate of cataract surgery was 9.19%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cataract is high in China, and there is still room for improvement in surgical coverage, so it is very important to promote cataract screening and prevention.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To examine the effects of sulforaphane on fibrotic changes of transforming growth factor (TGFß2) induced human conjunctival fibroblast (HConFs). METHODS: HConFs were cultured and divided into control, TGFß2 (1 ng/mL), sulforaphane and TGFß2+sulforaphane groups. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using the MTT and ApoTox-Glo Triplex assay. Cell migration was detected using scratch and Transwell assay. Real-time quantitative PCR method was used to evaluate mRNA expression of TGFß2, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), integrin αV, integrin α5, fibronectin 1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The protein expression of α-SMA, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, and Akt were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The proliferation of HConFs was significantly (P<0.05) suppressed by sulforaphane compared to control cells with the increase of the concentration and treatment time. Cell proliferation after 48h incubation was significantly reduced with 100 µmol/L sulforaphane treatment by 17.53% (P<0.05). The Transwell assay showed sulforaphane decreased cell migration by 18.73% compared with TGFß2-induced HConF (P<0.05). TGFß2-induced the increasing expression of fibronectin, type I collagen and α-SMA, and the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt were all significantly suppressed by sulforaphane pretreatment. CONCLUSION: Sulforaphane inhibits proliferation, migration, and synthesis of the extracellular matrix in HConFs, and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Sulforaphane could be a potential therapeutic drug for prevention of scar formation in filtering bleb after trabeculectomy.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To analyze the association of the polymorphisms in 8-oxoguanine glycosylase-1 (OGG1), X-ray repair cross-complementing-1 (XRCC1), and AP endonuclease-1 (APE1) genes in the base excision repair pathway and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) in the nucleotide excision repair pathway with the risk of cataract in a Chinese population. DESIGN: Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects with cataract (n = 415) or no cataract (n = 386) in the Age Related Eye Disease Ancillary Study. METHODS: The study included 415 cataract patients and 386 controls. Genotyping was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Differences in the frequencies were estimated by the chi-square test, and risk was estimated by using unconditional logistic regression after adjusting for age and gender. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in OGG1-Ser326Cys with the development of age-related cataract. RESULTS: The OGG1 Cys/Cys genotype frequency was significantly higher in cataract patients (P = 0.014; odds ratio [OR], 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.171-3.624). The OGG1 Ser/Ser genotype (P = 0.003; OR, 0.647; 95% CI, 0.487-0.860) seems to have a protective role against cataract, and the Cys allele (P<0.001; OR, 1.517; 95% CI, 1.204-1.911) seems to have a deleterious role in the development of cataract. The genotype frequency of the Ser/Ser of OGG1-Ser326Cys was significantly different in the cortical and mixed-type cataract group (P = 0.014; OR, 0.591; 95% CI, 0.391-0.893; and P = 0.035; OR, 0.639; 95% CI, 0.425-0.960; respectively), and the Cys/Cys genotype of OGG1-Ser326Cys was significantly different in the mixed-type cataract group (P = 0.012; OR, 2.610; 95% CI, 1.284-5.306) compared with that of healthy controls. In XRCC1-Arg399Gln, APE1-Asp148Glu, and XPD-Lys751Gln polymorphisms, there were no significant differences in frequencies of the variant homozygous in patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the Cys/Cys genotype of the OGG1-Ser326Cys polymorphism may be associated with increased risk of age-related cataract. However, in XRCC1-Arg399Gln, APE1-Asp148Glu, and XPD-Lys751Gln polymorphisms, there were no significant differences in frequencies of the variant homozygous in patients compared with controls.