[Construction of terminology system in public health and preventive medicine].

Public Health and Preventive Medicine, as a first-level discipline within the field of medical sciences, plays a crucial role in standardizing terminology for the purposes of discipline construction, technological advancement, and societal progress. Given the current macro-environment of social development, establishing and perfecting a standardized terminology system for Public Health and Preventive Medicine is not only a necessity for the discipline itself but also a pressing need for the nation and the world. This paper focuses on the development environment and current status of the Public Health and Preventive Medicine discipline system. It explores the current state, challenges, and future prospects of building a terminology system for Public Health and Preventive Medicine from the perspectives of terminology evaluation, standardized application, and discipline construction.

[Hymenolepis diminuta infection in an adult's lung: a case report].

Hymenolepis diminuta is a common parasite of rats and mice, but is very rare in humans with cases reported from various parts of the world. Here, we reported a case of Hymenolepis diminuta infection involving both the respiratory and digestive tracts in a 49-year-old male patient whose initial imaging and symptoms were strikingly similar to pneumonia. Since no disease-causing pathogens were found during routine examinations, we considered respiratory infection by specific pathogens before metagenomic next-generation sequencing of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid confirmed the diagnosis of Hymenolepis diminuta. After confirming the diagnosis, we retested the patient's stool repeatedly and found Hymenolepis diminuta eggs finally. To help doctors better understand this condition and avoid misdiagnosis, this article provided a summary of the clinical characteristics, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic options for infection by Hymenolepis diminuta.

[A study on the dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among adolescents in Shandong Province].

Objective: To understand the current status and its associated factors of dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among adolescents in Shandong Province and explore the reasons for dual use behavior. Methods: A self-administered survey was conducted among 7 999 middle school students who were selected by stratified multi-stage cluster sample method. Data were weighted and analyzed by the SPSS 25.0 complex program. Results: In Shandong Province, the prevalence rates of attempting and current dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among adolescents appeared as 7.7% and 1.3%, respectively. Male, friends smoking, and secondhand smoke exposure in the past 7 days were risk factors for dual use. Compared with cigarette smokers, dual users have no differences in cognition and behavior in quitting smoking (P>0.05). The main reason for dual users to smoke e-cigarettes was curiosity. Conclusions: Dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes is common among adolescents in Shandong Province, and its influencing factors are similar to traditional cigarettes. Dual use is not a transitional stage for smoking cessation. Dual users are more likely to continue smoking in the future, which should be paid attention and concern.

Biomechanical study on the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture by open reduction and internal fixation with hollow nail internal fixation.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of open reduction and internal fixation with hollow nail internal fixation for Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2016 to February 2021, a total of 100 eligible patients with Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture were involved in this study and divided into two groups randomly: the combined remedy group and the closed therapy group, with 50 patients in each group. After that, 50 subjects in the combined remedy group were treated with open reduction and support plate combined with hollow screw internal fixation, and the treatment conditions were observed and recorded. The closed therapy group received routine treatment. RESULTS: Among the 100 patients selected, the operation time of the combined remedy group was significantly lower than that of the closed therapy group, and the intraoperative bleeding was also significantly less. In the closed therapy group, the time of getting out of bed after the operation and the excellent and good rate were better; moreover, the functional score and pain score of three months after the operation were significantly better than that of one month after the operation. The functional score and pain score of one month after the operation were not statistically significant for the combined remedy group or the closed therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture with open reduction and internal fixation combined with hollow nail internal fixation, the operation time and intraoperative bleeding volume were significantly decreased, but the postoperative recovery time was enhanced compared to that of total joint replacement. After the operation, the functional score and pain score had a significant relationship with the recovery time, and there was no significant relationship with the type of treatment. Therefore, in clinical treatment, doctors should take appropriate treatment methods for their patients.

Serological biomarker screening and host factor analysis elucidating immune response heterogeneity in active pulmonary tuberculosis

While mortality and morbidity from pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) have improved, diagnosis of this infectious disease remains suboptimal without a point-of-care test. Antibody/ antigen-based serodiagnostics is the most amenable for point-of-care translation but hampered by a lack of validated biomarkers and a heterogeneous patient antibody response. Using a case-control design, we assessed serodiagnostic potential of immunoglobulins G, A, and dimeric IgA responses against 18 antigenic preparations, followed by antibody-subclass responses against antigen 60 (A60), and four markers of host innate immunity by enzymelinked immunoassay using sera samples (n=110) collected from April to October 2007 in VietNam from human immunodeficiency-negative patients with provisional diagnosis of PTB. We further analyzed host variables to investigate factors driving biomarker heterogeneity observed in patients. Among active pulmonary tuberculosis patients, low correlation was observed between anti-A60 antibody-classes, and between anti-A60 immunoglobulin G subclasses, but anti-A60 immunoglobulin A subclasses were significantly correlated. The best diagnostic combination of anti-A60 immunoglobulin G/A and a C-reactive protein “ruleout” remains insufficient at 82%/92% sensitivity/specificity (95%CI: 72-92%/82-98%). Heterogeneity of anti-A60 immunoglobulins G2, G3, M, as well as C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A levels observed in this study population appeared to be significantly associated with history of previous tuberculosis, hemoptysis, age, vaccination, night sweats, smoking, chest pain, fever, alcohol, and solid culture count. Further research on tuberculosis serological biomarkers may require consideration of host factors and new approaches using multiple biomarkers.