ABSTRACT
The effects of the co-addition of fungal agents and biochar on physicochemical properties, odor emissions, microbial community structure, and metabolic functions were investigated during the in-situ treatment of food waste. The combined addition of fungal agents and biochar decreased cumulative NH3, H2S, and VOCs emissions by 69.37%, 67.50%, and 52.02%, respectively. The predominant phyla throughout the process were Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Combined treatment significantly impacted the conversion and release of nitrogen from the perspective of the variation of nitrogen content between different forms. FAPROTAX analysis revealed that the combined application of fungal agents and biochar could effectively inhibit nitrite ammonification and reduce the emission of odorous gases. This work aims to clarify the combined effect of fungal agents and biochar on odor emission and provide a theoretical basis for developing an environmentally friendly in-situ efficient biological deodorization (IEBD) technology.
Subject(s)
Microbiota , Refuse Disposal , Soil/chemistry , Odorants , Food , Nitrogen/analysis , Charcoal/pharmacologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of CLAUDIN-11 in the testis tissue of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients with different severities and investigate its clinical significance. METHODS: Sixty-two NOA patients were divided into a hypospermatogenesis (HS) group (n = 30) and a Sertoli cell only syndrome (SCO) group (n =32). The expression of CLAUDIN-11 in the testicular tissue of the patients was detected by immunohistochemistry, that of CLAUDIN-11 mRNA determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the levels of serum reproductive hormones measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of CLAUDIN-11 was mainly in the cytoplasm of the Sertoli cells around the seminiferous tubule wall in the HS group, but diffusely distributed in the membrane of the Sertoli cells in the SCO group. RT-qPCR revealed a significantly lower expression of CLAUDIN-11 mRNA in the HS than in the SCO group (0.008 ± 0.001 vs 0.013 ± 0.002, t = 10.616, P<0.01). The level of serum luteotropic hormone (LH) was also markedly lower in the HS than in the SCO group (ï¼»3.62 ± 1.34ï¼½ vs ï¼»4.96 ± 3.10ï¼½ IU/L, P<0.05) and so was that of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (ï¼»5.36 ± 2.80ï¼½ vs ï¼»10.65 ± 9.18ï¼½ IU/L, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The up-regulated expression of CLAUDIN-11 in Sertoli cells may play an important role in the development and progression of spermatogenic dysfunction in NOA patients.
Subject(s)
Azoospermia/metabolism , Claudins/metabolism , Oligospermia/metabolism , Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome/metabolism , Testis/metabolism , Azoospermia/genetics , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/metabolism , Humans , Male , Oligospermia/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Seminiferous Tubules/metabolism , Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome/genetics , Sertoli Cells/metabolism , SpermatogenesisABSTRACT
Correct classification and prediction of tumor cells is essential for a successful diagnosis and reliable future treatment. In this study, we aimed at using genetic algorithms for feature selection and proposed silhouette statistics as a discriminant function to distinguish between six subtypes of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia by using microarray with thousands of gene expressions. Our methods have shown a better classification accuracy than previously published methods and obtained a set of genes effective to discriminate subtypes of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Furthermore, the use of silhouette statistics, offering the advantages of measuring the classification quality by a graphical display and by an average silhouette width, has also demonstrated feasibility and novelty for more difficult multiclass tumor prediction problems.