ABSTRACT
A chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Piper sarmentosum resulted in the isolation and identification of 14 amide alkaloids, including three new amide alkaloids, pipersarmenoids A - C (1-3), three new natural amide alkaloids, pipersarmenoids D - F (4-6), and 8 known analogues, N-p-coumaroyltyramine (7), piperlotine C (8), piperlotine D (9), pellitorine (10), sarmentine (11), aurantiamide acetate (12), 1-cinnamoyl pyrrolidine (13) and sarmentamide B (14). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including HRESIMS and 1D and 2D NMR. The cytotoxicity, neuroinflammation-inhibiting and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of those compounds were tested. Compounds 1, 2 and 12 inhibited NO production induced by LPS in BV2 cells with IC50 values of 9.36, 12.53 and 10.77 µM, respectively. Moreover, 1, 2, 7 and 11 showed moderate inhibitory activity on AChE with IC50 values ranging from 37.56 to 48.84 µM.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids , Cholinesterase Inhibitors , Phytochemicals , Piper , Plant Components, Aerial , Alkaloids/pharmacology , Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Alkaloids/chemistry , Piper/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Animals , Mice , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Plant Components, Aerial/chemistry , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Phytochemicals/isolation & purification , Cell Line , Amides/pharmacology , Amides/isolation & purification , Amides/chemistry , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , China , Microglia/drug effects , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated , Polyunsaturated AlkamidesABSTRACT
Let [Formula: see text] be an alternating group of degree n. We know that [Formula: see text] is 2-fold OD-characterizable and [Formula: see text] is 6-fold OD-characterizable. In this note, we first show that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are 14-fold and 7-fold OD-characterizable, respectively, and second show that certain groups [Formula: see text] with that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], are OD-characterizable. The first gives a negative answer to Open Problem of Kogani-Moghaddam and Moghaddamfar.
ABSTRACT
Let G be a finite group. The character degree graph [Formula: see text] of G is the graph whose vertices are the prime divisors of character degrees of G and two vertices p and q are joined by an edge if pq divides the character degree of G. Let [Formula: see text] be the projective special linear group of degree n over a finite field of order q. Khosravi et. al. have shown that the simple groups [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] are characterizable by the degree graphs and their orders. In this paper, we give a characterization of [Formula: see text] by using the character degree graph and its order.
ABSTRACT
Let G be a group. Denote by π(G) the set of prime divisors of |G|. Let GK(G) be the graph with vertex set π(G) such that two primes p and q in π(G) are joined by an edge if G has an element of order p · q. We set s(G) to denote the number of connected components of the prime graph GK(G). Denote by N(G) the set of nonidentity orders of conjugacy classes of elements in G. Alavi and Daneshkhah proved that the groups, A n where n = p, p + 1, p + 2 with s(G) ≥ 2, are characterized by N(G). As a development of these topics, we will prove that if G is a finite group with trivial center and N(G) = N(A p+3) with p + 2 composite, then G is isomorphic to A p+3.