Deep Learning in Barrett's Esophagus Diagnosis: Current Status and Future Directions.

Barrett's esophagus (BE) represents a pre-malignant condition characterized by abnormal cellular proliferation in the distal esophagus. A timely and accurate diagnosis of BE is imperative to prevent its progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma, a malignancy associated with a significantly reduced survival rate. In this digital age, deep learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful tool for medical image analysis and diagnostic applications, showcasing vast potential across various medical disciplines. In this comprehensive review, we meticulously assess 33 primary studies employing varied DL techniques, predominantly featuring convolutional neural networks (CNNs), for the diagnosis and understanding of BE. Our primary focus revolves around evaluating the current applications of DL in BE diagnosis, encompassing tasks such as image segmentation and classification, as well as their potential impact and implications in real-world clinical settings. While the applications of DL in BE diagnosis exhibit promising results, they are not without challenges, such as dataset issues and the "black box" nature of models. We discuss these challenges in the concluding section. Essentially, while DL holds tremendous potential to revolutionize BE diagnosis, addressing these challenges is paramount to harnessing its full capacity and ensuring its widespread application in clinical practice.

Screening of a short chain antimicrobial peptide-LKLHI and its application in hydrogels for wound healing.

Antibacterial peptides have been widely used in the field of antibacterial due to their biocompatibility. In this work, owing to quickly screen out peptides with antibacterial effects, the bacterial membranes of E. coli and S. aureus were extracted and fixed on self-made silica gel microspheres to prepare bacterial membrane chromatography stationary phase. We successfully screened antimicrobial peptides from a peptide library composed of one-bead-one-compound by bacterial membrane chromatography. The antibacterial peptide has an effective defense effect on gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. In addition, the antibacterial peptide has almost no hemolysis and cytotoxicity and other excellent biocompatibility and has excellent properties such as stability, broad-spectrum antibacterial, and promotion of wound healing，and HA hydrogel carrier loaded with antimicrobial peptides was prepared, which provided the application direction of antimicrobial dressings for antimicrobial peptides. In summary, this method can screen out polypeptides with antibacterial effects, and the screened-out antibacterial peptides are expected to be applied in clinical applications.

Four Kinds of Polymer Microspheres Prepared by the Seed Swelling Method Used to Purify the Industrial Production of Phytol.

Four monodisperse porous polymer microspheres were successfully prepared by seed emulsion polymerization and used as stationary phases for HPLC and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (Prep-HPLC). All four polymer microspheres(polystyrene-polystyrene (PS-PS), polystyrene-poly(glycidyl methylate) (PS-PGMA), polystyrene-poly(methyl methylate) and poly(glycidyl methylate)-poly(glycidyl methylate) were used for filling HPLC empty columns. According to the analysis results of the HPLC column, PS-PS and PS-PGMA microspheres were screened out as the stationary phase of Prep-HPLC. The industrial-grade phytol was successfully separated and purified, and the purity of the final phytol was as high as 99%. The two types of polymer microspheres have been applied to industrial-grade phytol purification and have been used in factories.

The protective effects of lncRNA ZFAS1/miR-421-3p/MEF2C axis on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

LncRNA ZNFX1 antisense RNA 1 (ZFAS1) could improve neuronal damage and inhibit inflammation and apoptosis. We conducted an in-depth exploration on the protective mechanism of ZFAS1 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Overexpressed or silenced plasmids of ZFAS1 were transfected into the cells to analyze the effects of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) treatment on the viability, apoptosis and related gene expressions of Neuro-2a cell by performing MTT assay, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. Bioinformatic analysis, qRT-PCR, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation were used to screen and verify the miRNA(s) which could competitively bind with ZFAS1 and downstream mRNA(s) targeted by the miRNA(s). The effects of ZFAS1 and the above target miRNA(s) or gene(s) on the apoptosis of OGD/R-injured cells, apoptosis-related proteins, inflammatory factors and p65/IκBα pathway were further verified via the rescue test. The results from the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model in vivo were consistent with those from the cellular experiments. The expression of lncRNA ZFAS1 in OGD/R-injured cells was inhibited, and the up-regulation of ZFAS1 protected Neuro-2a cells. MiR-421-3p was predicted to be the target miRNA of ZFAS1 and could offset the protective effect of ZFAS1 overexpression on OGD/R-injured cells following its up-regulation. MEF2C, which was the downstream target gene of miR-421-3p, reversed the OGD/R-induced enhanced cell damage caused by miR-421-3p mimic when MEF2C was overexpressed. In in vivo studies, ZFAS1 overexpression reduced brain tissue infarction, apoptosis and gene regulation caused by MCAO, while miR-421-3p mimic had the opposite effect. Collectively, the regulation of lncRNA ZFAS1/miR-421-3p/MEF2C axis showed protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Exploring the Level of Physical Fitness on Physical Activity and Physical Literacy Among Chinese University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Physical literacy (PL) has received considerable attention in the field of physical education and physical activity (PA) worldwide. According to recent studies, the level of physical fitness (PF) among Chinese university students is gradually decreasing. This study aims to examine the impact of the PF level (fit/unfit) on PA and PL, as well as the relationships among PF, PA, and PL, in Chinese university students. Participants comprised 798 university students (390 men; mean age, 19.2 ± 1.2 years) in Chongqing, China. Participants completed the tests of vital capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility, according to the National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards Manual (NPFMSM), as well as questionnaires on PA (time spent performing PA at various intensities) and PL. The independent t-tests were conducted to examine sex differences in the evaluated variables, and the Pearson's correlation between each PF test and PL attributes and PA was calculated according to sex. In addition, the independent t-tests were conducted to determine whether the PF level had an effect on PL attributes and PA at various intensities. Significant sex differences were found in the PF domains of vital capacity, muscular strength, and aerobic fitness, with higher scores in men than in women (all p-values < 0.05), but not in the PF domain of flexibility and total PL score. Furthermore, the PF domains of muscular strength and aerobic fitness were significantly and positively correlated with the PL attributes of confidence and physical competence in both men and women, while the PF domains of vital capacity and aerobic fitness were significantly and positively correlated with the PL attribute of motivation in men. In addition, PL was significantly and positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, vital capacity, muscular strength, and flexibility among participants in the fit group. These findings support advocating for increased participation in PA in university students and using PL as a tool to improve PF components.

Studies of Ozone-Sensitized Low- and High-Temperature Oxidations of Diethyl Carbonate.

Diethyl carbonate (DEC) oxidation with different levels of O3 addition was performed in an atmospheric laminar flow reactor from 400 to 850 K. Experimental results showed that, without O3 addition, the oxidation of DEC began from 650 K with no low-temperature reactivity, while with O3 addition the low-temperature chemistry of DEC was observed from 450 K. A DEC/O3 kinetic model was developed, and the model predictions agreed with the experimental data reasonably well with a slight overprediction of DEC oxidation between 550 and 750 K. The low-temperature chemistry of DEC with O3 addition was described in the reaction pathway of DEC. It was found that O3 assisted the low-temperature oxidation of DEC mainly through the production of the active O: atom instead of the direct reaction with the fuel molecule. The present work indicated that the Li-ion battery degradation at 400-500 K might result from the low-temperature chemistry of DEC with active oxygen supplies from the cathode metal oxide materials or from singlet O2 during the battery discharge process. This article used O3 to mimic the oxidizing environment in the Li-ion battery by providing active atomic oxygen. It provided insights into the chemically sensitized gas-phase low-temperature chemistry of DEC and explained the mechanism of battery degradation involving the low-temperature oxidation at the electrolyte solvent and the cathode interface from 400 to 500 K.

Recent advances on protein separation and purification methods.

Protein, as the material basis of vita, is the crucial undertaker of life activities, which constitutes the framework and main substance of human tissues and organs, and takes part in various forms of life activities in organisms. Separating proteins from biomaterials and studying their structures and functions are of great significance for understanding the law of life activities and clarifying the essence of life phenomena. Therefore, scientists have proposed the new concept of proteomics, in which protein separation technology plays a momentous role. It has been diffusely used in the food industry, agricultural biological research, drug development, disease mechanism, plant stress mechanism, and marine environment research. In this paper, combined with the recent research situation, the progress of protein separation technology was reviewed from the aspects of extraction, precipitation, membrane separation, chromatography, electrophoresis, molecular imprinting, microfluidic chip and so on.

Preparation, surface functionalization and application of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles.

This paper reviews recent developments in the preparation, surface functionalization, and applications of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Especially, it includes preparation methods (such as electrodeposition, polyol methods, etc.), organic materials (such as polymers, small molecules, surfactants, biomolecules, etc.) or inorganic materials (such as silica, metals, and metal oxidation/sulfide, functionalized coating of carbon surface, graphene, etc.) and its applications (such as magnetic separation, protein fixation, magnetic catalyst, environmental treatment, medical research, etc.). In the end, some existing challenges and possible future trends in the field were discussed.

Phosphorylated Heat Shock Protein 27 Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Thp1 Cells by Promoting TLR4 Endocytosis, Ubiquitination, and Degradation.

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of Hsp27 on LPS-induced inflammation and identify the precise mechanisms about how Hsp27 regulates LPS-induced TLR4 signaling in Thp1 cells. Thp1 cells were transfected with Flag-Hsp27 or pcDNA3.1, and then treated with LPS for indicated time. TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 were determined by ELISA. The protein levels of Hsp27, p-Hsp27 (Ser15, Ser78, and Ser82), and TLR4 were measured by Western blotting. In vitro study showed that over-expression of Hsp27 downregulated the release of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 and suppressed the activation of TLR4 signals after stimulated by LPS. The location of TLR4 and RAB5 was detected by confocal microscopy. Immunoprecipitation was used to determine the ubiquitination and degradation of TLR4 and interaction between Hsp27 and TLR4. Results showed that Hsp27 could promote TLR4 endocytosis and ubiquitination and degradation. Further research revealed that Hsp27 was phosphorylated after LPS, only phosphorylated Hsp27 can interact with TLR4 and inhibit the activation of TLR4 signaling, which was demonstrated by inhibition of Hsp27 phosphorylation with inhibitors or transfection of Hsp27 mutants into Thp1 cells. Phosphorylated Hsp27 reduced the release of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6, and suppressed the activation of TLR4 signaling by promoting TLR4 endocytosis, ubiquitination, and degradation.

Dynamic modeling and characteristic analysis of piezoelectric rudder actuator.

In this note, dynamic equations of the piezoelectric rudder actuator are established using a numerical method, and the dynamic characteristics are analyzed. A simulation is performed using finite element software to verify the validity of the theory. The results show that an increase in axial force has significant amplification effects on the static displacement output of the bimorph and its rudder actuator, and the axial stiffness of the piezoelectric bimorph is evidently nonlinear against larger axial force. The response time of the rudder actuator is less affected by the axial force and remains in the order of milliseconds under the axial force of 0.85 times the buckling critical load.

Heat shock protein 27 inhibits HMGB1 translocation by regulating CBP acetyltransferase activity and ubiquitination.

Heat-shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is a member of the small heat shock protein family that has been reported to protect cells against pro-inflammatory stresses. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a proinflammatory cytokine associated with death from sepsis and other inflammatory diseases. After being acetylated by CREB-binding protein (CBP), the transcriptional adaptor and acetyltransferase, HMGB1 translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Hsp27 on HMGB1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in THP-1 cells. We found that Hsp27 phosphorylation decreased LPS-induced HMGB1 acetylation and translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, as well as its release from THP-1 cells. The study further showed that cytosolic non-phosphorylated Hsp27 enhanced CBP ubiquitination and degradation in LPS-unstimulated cells, which suggested that Hsp27 maintained suitable CBP levels under normal physiological conditions. After LPS stimulation, Hsp27 was phosphorylated at serine residues 15/78 and translocated from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Consequently, LPS stimulation increased CBP levels and promoted its translocation into the nucleus. In the nucleus, Hsp27 bound to CBP and suppressed CBP acetyltransferase activity and the subsequent CBP-dependent acetylation of HMGB1. Taken together, our data demonstrated that cytosolic non-phosphorylated Hsp27 enhanced the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of CBP, while phosphorylated Hsp27 inhibited CBP acetyltransferase activity in the nucleus. By regulating CBP, Hsp27 maintained cell homeostasis and inhibited excessive inflammatory response.

Accelerated productions and physicochemical characterizations of different extracellular polymeric substances from Chlorella vulgaris with nano-ZnO.

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play significant roles in protecting cells against environmental stresses. However, little information is known about the roles of different EPS in these processes. In this study, the productions and physicochemical characterizations of soluble-EPS (S-EPS) and bound-EPS (B-EPS), the two different fractions of EPS from a green alga Chlorella vulgaris under the stress of ZnO nanoparticle (nano-ZnO) were investigated. The contents of S-EPS and B-EPS which described as dissolved organic carbon, polysaccharides and proteins, both increased with the addition of tested nano-ZnO (0.01 and 0.04 mM) in a 72 h cultivation. EPS-Free (EPS-F) cells produced more S-EPS and B-EPS than the EPS-Cover (EPS-C) cells did with the tested nano-ZnO, especially the contents of protein in the S-EPS of EPS-F cells increased by 45.5% with 0.04 mM nano-ZnO compared to the control at 72 h. Tryptophan-like substances of the protein in S-EPS exhibited a stronger chemical static quenching than tyrosine-like substances with nano-ZnO. In addition, the hydroxyl (OH) as well as carboxyl (CO) group, and CO of amide I, NH/CN of amide II groups in proteins were confirmed that involved in the reaction of S-EPS and B-EPS with nano-ZnO, meanwhile hemiacetal groups in saccharides were oxidized to carboxyl groups. This study could provide a better understanding of EPS in protecting against cells damage with nanoparticles.

Accelerated effects of nano-ZnO on phosphorus removal by Chlorella vulgaris: Formation of zinc phosphate crystallites.

Nanoparticles have been reported to induce toxicity to aquatic organisms, however, their potential impacts on phosphorus removal from wastewater by algae are unclear. In this study, the effects of nanoparticle ZnO (nano-ZnO) on phosphate (PO43-) removal by a green alga Chlorella vulgaris were investigated. We found that PO43- removal efficiency was accelerated with high concentrations of nano-ZnO (0.04-0.15mM) but reduced with low concentrations of nano-ZnO (0.005-0.04mM) compared to the control (without nano-ZnO), suggesting that PO43- removal efficiency by C. vulgaris was related to nano-ZnO concentrations. Moreover, we observed changes of nano-ZnO morphology and detected element P on the surface of nano-ZnO by using transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), indicating that PO43- was interacted with nano-ZnO or the dissolved Zn2+ from nano-ZnO. Furthermore, we confirmed this interaction induced the formation of Zn3(PO4)2 crystallites sedimentation by employing X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which finally accelerates the removal of PO43-.

Antagonistic effect of nano-ZnO and cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris: Dissolution and accumulation of nano-ZnO.

The interaction of nanoparticles with coexisting chemicals affects the fate and transport of nanoparticles, as well as their combined effects on aquatic organisms. Here, we evaluated the joint effect of ZnO nanoparticle (nano-ZnO) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and explored the possible mechanism. Results showed that an antagonistic effect of nano-ZnO and CTAC (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg L-1) was found because CTAC stop nano-ZnO being broken down into solution zinc ions (Zn2+). In the presence of CTAC, the zinc (including nano-ZnO and released Zn2+) showed a higher adsorption on bound extracellular polymeric substances (B-EPS) but lower accumulation in the algal cells. Moreover, we directly demonstrated that nano-ZnO was adsorbed on the algal B-EPS and entered into the algal cells by transmission electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX). Hence, these results suggested that the combined system of nano-ZnO and CTAC exhibited an antagonistic effect due to the inhibition of CTAC on dissolution of nano-ZnO and accumulation of the zinc in the algal cells.

[Alleviation Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Ni Toxicity in Rice Seedings].

The alleviation effect of exogenous melatonin (MT) on Ni toxicity in rice seedings was investigated. The results showed that low concentration of Ni stress (10, 50 µmol·L-1) had little effect on the growth of root of rice seedings, while higher concentration of Ni stress (100-1000 µmol·L-1) significantly inhibited the growth of rice root. Compared with the control treatment, the addition of 100 and 1000 µmol·L-1 Ni would decrease the total length and surface area of root by 63.3%-98.0% and 56.9%-96.3%, respectively. The results showed that addition of exogenous melatonin had a positive effect on the growth of rice seedings under Ni stress. This kind of positive effect was even more obvious in the root of rice seedings. The total length of rice root decreased by 58.4%-83.8% at Ni concentration of 100 µmol·L-1, whereas it decreased by only 8.7%-29.1% when 100 µmol·L-1 Ni and 10 µmol·L-1 MT were added, compared with the control treatment. The addition of exogenous melatonin had significant alleviation effects on oxidative stress in rice seedings caused by Ni. Compared with the 100 µmol·L-1Ni treatment, addition of 10 µmol·L-1 exogenous MT could significantly decrease the production rate of O2-· by 43.2%-50.2% and the relative electrolytic leakage by 25.7%-31.6%, whereas increase the activities of CAT by 21.9%-33.7% and the soluble protein content by 82.6%-84.6%. The results suggested that application of exogenous melatonin could effectively alleviate the toxic effects of Ni on rice seedings.

Fabrication and Thermophysical Properties of La(2-x)Zr(2-y)O7 Nanocrystal by a Sol-Gel Method.

Non-Stoichiometric La2Zr2O7 (La(2-x)Zr(2-y)O7) Nanocrystal was synthesized by a simple sol-gel method. The crystalline structure, oxygen vacancy concentration, thermal expansion coefficient, as well as the fracture toughness of as-prepared materials were charactered by XRD, TG-DSC, PL spectra, dilatometer, and electronic universal testing machine respectively. The crystal structure of La2Zr2O7 is of the cubic type while lattice parameter increases with the deviatation of Zr4+ and La3+ from Stoichiometric La2Zr2O7 increasing. The average linear thermal expansion coefficient of non-stoichiometric La2Zr2O7 is obviously bigger than that of La2Zr2O7 in the temperature range between 150 degrees C and 950 degrees C. The fracture toughness of La(2-x)Zr(2-y)O7 increases with x and y increasing up to x = 0.3 and y = 0.25.

Sleep Architecture in Partially Acclimatized Lowlanders and Native Tibetans at 3800 Meter Altitude: What Are the Differences?

It is not well known whether high altitude acclimatization could help lowlanders improve their sleep architecture as well as Native Tibetans. In order to address this, we investigated the structural differences in sleep between Native Tibetans and partially acclimatized lowlanders and examined the association between sleep architecture and subjective sleep quality. Partially acclimatized soldiers from lowlands and Native Tibetan soldiers stationed at Shangri-La (3800 m) were surveyed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). The sleep architecture of those without anxiety (as determined by HAMA>14) and/or depression (HAMD>20) was analyzed using polysomnography and the results were compared between the two groups. One hundred sixty-five male soldiers, including 55 Native Tibetans, were included in the study. After partial acclimatization, lowlanders still exhibited differences in sleep architecture as compared to Native Tibetans, as indicated by a higher PSQI score (8.14±2.37 vs. 3.90±2.85, p<0.001), shorter non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep (458.68±112.63 vs. 501±37.82 min, P=0.03), lower nocturnal arterial oxygen saturation (Spo2; mean 91.39±1.24 vs. 92.71±2.12%, p=0.03), and increased times of Spo2 reduction from 89% to 85% (median 48 vs.17, p=0.04) than Native Tibetans. Sleep onset latency (ß=0.08, 95%CI: 0.01 to 0.15), non-REM latency (ß=0.011, 95%CI 0.001 to 0.02), mean Spo2 (ß=-0.79, 95%CI: -1.35 to -0.23) and time in stage 3+4 sleep (ß=-0.014, 95%CI: -0.001 to -0.028) were slightly associated with the PSQI score. Partially acclimatized lowlanders experienced less time in non-REM sleep and had lower arterial oxygen saturation than Native Tibetans at an altitude of 3800 m. The main independent contributors to poor sleep quality are hypoxemia, difficulty in sleep induction, and time in deep sleep.

Assessment of the anti-diarrhea function of compound Chinese herbal medicine Cangpo Oral Liquid.

BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is a big problem in piglets. Cangpo Oral Liquid (COL) is a compound of Chinese herbal medicine. The preparation was fed to piglets had diarrheal disease in order to determine its anti-diarrhea activity and potential applications in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The contents of Berberine hydrochloride, Magnolol and Honokiol in COL were performed on HPLC analysis. Organ bath was used to investigate the effect of COL on peristaltic reflexes and peristaltic waves in vitro. And anti-diarrhea activity of COL was evaluated in clinical. RESULTS: Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and HPLC analyses showed that the contents of Berberine hydrochloride, Magnolol and Honokiol in COL were 970µg/mL, 130µg/mL and 300µg/mL, respectively. Administration of the COL to the organ bath caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of intestinal peristalsis. When the COL concentration in the bath was cumulatively increased, the amplitude and frequency of the peristaltic waves was lowered. The result of clinical efficacy of COL was very effective to diarrheic piglets. COL can possibly inhibit the curve of peristaltic waves in vitro; and clinical trial showed a statistically significant therapeutic effect in vivo. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, COL can be used as an effective therapeutic agent. However, the ingredients, pharmacokinetics and specific signaling pathways of COL need to be further studied.

Poor sleep quality predicts decreased cognitive function independently of chronic mountain sickness score in young soldiers with polycythemia stationed in Tibet.

Little is known about the association between poor sleep and cognitive function in people with polycythemia at high altitude. The aim of this study was to survey the sleep quality of individuals with polycythemia at high altitude and determine its association with cognitive abilities. We surveyed 230 soldiers stationed in Tibet (all men; mean age 21-52±4.30 yr) at altitudes ranging from 3658 to 3996 m. All participants were given a blood tests for hemoglobin level and a questionnaire survey of cognitive function. Polycythemia was defined as excessive erythrocytosis (Hb≥21 g/dL in men or ≥19 g/dL in women). Poor sleepers were defined as having a global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (PSQI)>5. Cognitive abilities were determined by the Chinese revision of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Benton Visual Retention Test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between the PSQI and cognitive function. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent effect of sleep quality on cognitive function. The global PSQI score of enrolled participants was 8.14±3.79. Seventy-five (32.6%) soldiers were diagnosed with polycythemia. The proportion of poor sleepers was 1.45 times greater in those with polycythemia compared with those without polycythemia [95% (confidence interval) CI 1.82-2.56], and they had a statistically significant lower score for cognitive function. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the global PSQI score was negatively associated with IQ (ß=0.11, 95% CI -0.16 to -0.05) and digit symbol scores (ß=0.66, 95% CI -0.86 to -0.44). Poor sleep quality was determined to be an independent predictor of impaired IQ [odds ratio (OR) 1.59, 95% CI 1.30-1.95] and digit symbol score (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.07-1.31) in logistic regression analysis. The present study showed that for young soldiers with polycythemia at high altitude impaired subjective sleep quality was an independent predictor of decreased cognitive function, especially IQ and verbal short-term memory.