[Epidemiological analysis for Quzhou pesticide poisoning of year 2008 to 2010].

OBJECTIVE: To provide scientific evidence of making measures for prevention of pesticide poisoning, the investigation on the condition of pesticide poisoning was carried out in Quzhou. METHODS: Registration data of pesticide poisoning from 2008 to 2010 in Quzhou were collected and statistically analyzed by SPSS 12.0. RESULTS: During the three years, there were 1222 cases reported for pesticide poisoning. Among them, the number of occupational poisoning was 225 (1 case died), with fatality rate of 0.44%. The number of non-occupational poisoning was 997 (77 cases died), and its fatality rate was 7.72% . The incidence of occupational poisoning and non-occupational poisoning accounted for 18.4% and 81.6% respectively. Male patients were in the majority in occupational pesticides poisoning (accounting for 76.4%), female patients in non-occupational poisoning (accounting for 52.1%). The pesticide poisoning mainly occurred from July to September. Occupational poisoning and non-occupational poisoning cases mainly concentrated in over 65 age group, accounting for 36.0% (81 cases) and 26.3% (262 cases) respectively. Insecticide ranks the first in the terms of total poisoning cases caused by pesticide, and organophosphate poisoning ranks the first in all insecticides. CONCLUSION: Pesticides poisoning has badly threatened the public health in Quzhou, attention should be paid to non-occupational poisoning. The pesticides poisoning was mainly caused by organophosphate insecticides.

[An FTIR and XPS study of immobilization of chromium with fly ash based geopolymers].

Immobilization of Cr3+ with fly ash geopolymers was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) techniques. The chromium sludge, as Cr(OH)3, was prepared with chemical precipitation method. The amounts of aluminum and silicon leached before and after the chromium sludge addition were measured using ICP-AES. The results suggested that the amounts of silicon and aluminum leached were reduced for the fly ash geopolymers after chromium sludge was incorporated. The decrease of silicon leaching was more pronounced than aluminum. FTIR results showed that the intensity of the main peak shifted into lower and the wave number of Si--O--Si and Al--O--Si became higher. The XPS results indicated that the O(1s) bind energy decreased, Si(2p) and Cr(2p) bind energy increased, while Al(2p) bind energy remained unchanged due to Cr3+ addition. It was also confirmed that the chromium is easily incorporated into the fly ash geopolymers paste, and polymerized with silicate units. The immobilization of Cr3+ using fly ash geopolymers is attributed not only to physical encapsulation, but also to chemical reaction.