Application of real time shear wave elastography to the differential diagnosis of secondary parathyroid hyperplasia and adenoma.

We aimed to explore the value of ultrasonic elastic imaging in the diagnosis of parathyroid hyperplasia and adenoma in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism and provide more evidence for clinical treatment. Forty patients who were on dialysis and underwent parathyroid surgery were selected All patients underwent routine ultrasound, ultrasound elasticity examination and blood biochemical examination before surgery, including calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), etc. According to postoperative results, adenoma group and hyperplasia group were divided into 2 groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and combined diagnostic efficacy of each index. The PTH levels significantly differed between the adenoma and hyperplasia groups (P < .001). The volume and blood flow grades significantly differed between the adenoma and hyperplasia groups (P < .001) The minimum of the adenoma group was 14.62 ±â€…6.79 kPa, mean was 19.42 ±â€…6.29 kPa, and maximum was 24.25 ±â€…6.35 kPa which were significantly different from those in the hyperplasia group (P < .05). The combinations of more than 6 indicators in the diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma resulted in an area under the curve of 0.892 (P < .001), and the sensitivity and specificity were 78.9% and 97.4%, respectively. Shear wave elastography can be used as an effective tool to distinguish secondary parathyroid hyperplasia from adenoma. When combined with PTH, conventional ultrasound blood flow grading and volume measurement, it has higher diagnostic efficacy.

Roles of GFAT and PFK genes in energy metabolism of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferases (GFATs) and phosphofructokinase (PFKs) are the principal rate-limiting enzymes involved in hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and glycolysis pathway, respectively. In this study, the NlGFAT and NlPFK were knocked down through RNA interference (RNAi) in Nilaparvata lugens, the notorious brown planthopper (BPH), and the changes in energy metabolism were determined. Knockdown of either NlGFAT or NlPFK substantially reduced gene expression related to trehalose, glucose, and glycogen metabolism pathways. Moreover, trehalose content rose significantly at 72 h after dsGFAT injection, and glycogen content increased significantly at 48 h after injection. Glucose content remained unchanged throughout the experiment. Conversely, dsPFK injection did not significantly alter trehalose, but caused an extreme increase in glucose and glycogen content at 72 h after injection. The Knockdown of NlGFAT or NlPFK significantly downregulated the genes in the glycolytic pathway, as well as caused a considerable and significant decrease in pyruvate kinase (PK) activity after 48 h and 72 h of inhibition. After dsGFAT injection, most of genes in TCA cycle pathway were upregulated, but after dsNlPFK injection, they were downregulated. Correspondingly, ATP content substantially increased at 48 h after NlGFAT knockdown but decreased to an extreme extent by 72 h. In contrast, ATP content decreased significantly after NlPFK was knocked down and returned. The results have suggested the knockdown of either NlGFAT or NlPFK resulted in metabolism disorders in BPHs, highlighting the difference in the impact of those two enzyme genes on energy metabolism. Given their influence on BPHs energy metabolism, developing enzyme inhibitors or activators may provide a biological control for BPHs.

Congenital absence of the left pericardium: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Congenital absence of the pericardium (CAP) is rare in clinical practice, the symptoms vary among patients, and most doctors do not have enough knowledge of the condition. Most reported CAP cases are incidental findings. Therefore, this case report aimed to present a rare case of left partial CAP that presented with non-specific, possibly cardiac-related symptoms. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient, male, 56 years old, Asian, was admitted on March 2, 2021. The patient complained of occasional dizziness in the past week. The patient was suffering from hyperlipidemia and hypertension (stage 2), both untreated. The patient reported chest pain, palpitations, discomfort in the precordium, and dyspnea in the lateral recumbent position after strenuous activities, all of which started when he was about 15 years old. ECG showed sinus rhythm, 76 bpm, premature ventricular beats, incomplete right bundle branch block, and clockwise rotation of the electrical axis. Most of the ascending aorta could be detected in the parasternal intercostal space 2-4 by transthoracic echocardiography in the left lateral position. Chest computed tomography revealed the absence of pericardium between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, and part of the left lung was extending into the space. No changes in his condition have been reported up to now (March 2023). CONCLUSIONS: CAP should be considered when multiple examinations suggest heart rotation and a large moving range of the heart in the thoracic cavity.

Acupuncture-Neuroimaging Research Trends over Past Two Decades: A Bibliometric Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To identify topics attracting growing research attention as well as frontier trends of acupuncture-neuroimaging research over the past two decades. METHODS: This paper reviewed data in the published literature on acupuncture neuroimaging from 2000 to 2020, which was retrieved from the Web of Science database. CiteSpace was used to analyze the publication years, countries, institutions, authors, keywords, co-citation of authors, journals, and references. RESULTS: A total of 981 publications were included in the final review. The number of publications has increased in the recent 20 years accompanied by some fluctuations. Notably, the most productive country was China, while Harvard University ranked first among institutions in this field. The most productive author was Tian J with the highest number of articles (50), whereas the most co-cited author was Hui KKS (325). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (92) was the most prolific journal, while Neuroimage was the most co-cited journal (538). An article written by Hui KKS (2005) exhibited the highest co-citation number (112). The keywords "acupuncture" (475) and "electroacupuncture" (0.10) had the highest frequency and centrality, respectively. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) ranked first with the highest citation burst (6.76). CONCLUSION: The most active research topics in the field of acupuncture-neuroimaging over the past two decades included research type, acupoint specificity, neuroimaging methods, brain regions, acupuncture modality, acupoint specificity, diseases and symptoms treated, and research type. Whilst research frontier topics were "nerve regeneration", "functional connectivity", "neural regeneration", "brain network", "fMRI" and "manual acupuncture".

[Effect of acupuncture on hypothalamic functional connectivity in patients with premature ova-rian insufficiency based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in functional connectivity(FC) between the hypothalamus and whole brain regions in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and healthy volunteers based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and investigate the mechanism of acupuncture on treatment of POI. METHODS: Twelve POI patients were recruited to the acupuncture group and 12 healthy volunteers to the control group. Patients in the acupuncture group received acupuncture at two groups of acupoints alternatively, including Baihui (GV20), Zhongwan (CV12), Shenting (GV24), Shenshu (BL23), Ciliao（BL32） and so on, 30 min once time, 3 times per week for 12 weeks. The state of patients was evaluated by modified Kupperman Index (KI) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) were tested by microparticle-based chemiluminescence. B ultrasonography was used to detect the antral follicle count (AFC). Meanwhile, POI patients and healthy volunteers underwent the rs-fMRI examination before and after acupuncture treatment and after enrollment, respectively. With hypothalamus as the region of interest, the differences in FC between the hypothalamus and other brain regions in POI patients and healthy volunteers and the changes of FC between the hypothalamus and whole brain regions in POI patients before and after acupuncture were observed. RESULTS: The SAS and KI scores of pre-treatment POI patients were higher than those in the control group （P<0.01）.In compa-rison with those pre-treatment, FSH, LH, and SAS and KI scores of POI patients decreased after treatment, while AFC increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the FC of the left hypothalamus with left central sulcus, right middle occipital gyrus, and left paracentral lobule increased, but decreased with left globus pallidus of the lenticular nucleus in POI patients. Furthermore, the FC of the right hypothalamus with the left hippocampus, the left para-central lobule, and the right central sulcus increased, while the FC between the right hypothalamus and the right superior frontal gyrus decreased (P<0.05). For the acupuncture group, compared with the conditions before treatment, the FC of the right hypothalamus with the left inferior frontal gyrus, the left insula, and right inferior frontal gyrus was strengthened, but weakened with the left gyrus rectus (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The abnormal FC between the hypothalamus and whole brain regions may be one of the central pathological factors of POI. Acupuncture can improve the ovarian function and clinical symptoms of patients with POI, which may be related to its effect in regulating the FC between the hypothalamus and multiple brain regions.

GFAT and PFK genes show contrasting regulation of chitin metabolism in Nilaparvata lugens.

Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) are enzymes related to chitin metabolism. RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to explore the role of these two enzyme genes in chitin metabolism. In this study, we found that GFAT and PFK were highly expressed in the wing bud of Nilaparvata lugens and were increased significantly during molting. RNAi of GFAT and PFK both caused severe malformation rates and mortality rates in N. lugens. GFAT inhibition also downregulated GFAT, GNPNA, PGM1, PGM2, UAP, CHS1, CHS1a, CHS1b, Cht1-10, and ENGase. PFK inhibition significantly downregulated GFAT; upregulated GNPNA, PGM2, UAP, Cht2-4, Cht6-7 at 48 h and then downregulated them at 72 h; upregulated Cht5, Cht8, Cht10, and ENGase; downregulated Cht9 at 48 h and then upregulated it at 72 h; and upregulated CHS1, CHS1a, and CHS1b. In conclusion, GFAT and PFK regulated chitin degradation and remodeling by regulating the expression of genes related to the chitin metabolism and exert opposite effects on these genes. These results may be beneficial to develop new chitin synthesis inhibitors for pest control.

Evidence of motor injury due to damaged corticospinal tract following acute hemorrhage in the basal ganglia region.

The integrity of the corticospinal tract (CST) is significantly affected following basal ganglia haemorrhage. We aimed to assess the local features of CST and to effectively predict motor function by diffusion characteristics of CST in patients with motor injury following acute haemorrhage in the acute basal ganglia region. We recruited 37 patients with paresis of the lateral limbs caused by acute basal ganglia haemorrhage. Based on the automated fiber quantification method to track CST, assessed the character of each CST segment between the affected and contralateral sides, and correlated these with the Fugl-Meyer (FM) and Barthel Index (BI) scores at 6 months after onset. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the injured side of CST showed a significantly lower FA than the contralateral side along the tract profiles (p < 0.05, corrections for multiple comparisons). The FA values of each site at the internal capsule, closed corona radiata were positively correlated with the FM and BI score at 6 months after onset (p < 0.001, respectively). Our findings assessed the character of CST vividly in detail and dementated the primary sites of CST can predict the long-term outcome of motor function. This study may facilitate future clinical and cognitive studies of acute haemorrhage.

Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism by Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase 3 in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is one of the pests that harm rice. In this paper, a new trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene, TPS3, was identified by transcriptome sequencing and gene cloning. To explore its role in the energy metabolism of N. lugens we examined the carbohydrate contents at different stages of development, the tissue expression of TPS, and some physiological and biochemical indicators by injecting dsTPS3 and dsTPSs (a proportional mixture of dsTPS1, dsTPS2, and dsTPS3). The glucose content at the fifth instar was significantly higher than that in the fourth instar and the adult stages. The trehalose and glycogen contents before molting were higher than those after molting. TPS1, TPS2, and TPS3 were expressed in the head, leg, wing bud, and cuticle, with the highest expression in the wing bud. In addition, compared with the control group, the glucose content increased significantly at 48 h after RNA interference, and the trehalose content decreased significantly after 72 h. qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of UGPase decreased significantly at 48 h after injection, whereas GS expression increased significantly at 48 h after injecting dsTPS3. After dsTPS injection, the expression levels of PPGM2, UGPase, GP, and GS increased significantly at 72 h. After interfering with the expression of TPS3 gene alone, UGPase expression decreased significantly at 48 h, and GS expression increased significantly at 72 h. Finally, combined with the digital gene expression and pathway analysis, 1439 and 1346 genes were upregulated, and 2127 and 1927 genes were downregulated in the dsTPS3 and dsTPSs groups, respectively. The function of most differential genes was concentrated in sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. The results indicated that TPS3 plays a key role in the energy metabolism of N. lugens and confirmed that TPS3 is a feasible target gene for RNA interference in N. lugens. Simultaneously, they provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of TPS3 to control pests.

Role of phosphoglucomutase in regulating trehalose metabolism in Nilaparvata lugens.

Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) is a key enzyme in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, regulating both glycogen and trehalose metabolism in insects. In this study, we explored the potential function of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) using RNA interference technology in Nilaparvata lugens, the brown planthopper. PGM1 and PGM2 were found highly expressed in the midgut of brown planthoppers, with different expression levels in different instar nymphs. The glycogen, glucose, and trehalose levels were also significantly increased after brown planthoppers were injected with dsRNA targeting PGM1 (dsPGM1) or PGM2 (dsPGM2). In addition, injection of dsPGM1 or dsPGM2 resulted in increased membrane-bound trehalase activity but not soluble trehalase activity. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to trehalose and glycogen metabolism decreased significantly after injection with dsPGM1 and dsPGM2. The expression levels of genes involved in chitin metabolism in the brown planthopper were also significantly decreased and the insects showed wing deformities and difficulty molting following RNAi. We suggest that silencing of PGM1 and PGM2 expression directly inhibits trehalose metabolism, leading to impaired chitin synthesis.

An improved strategy to detect the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in circulating tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

PURPOSE: We adopted a new strategy to explore the relationship between the EMT process of CTCs and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Furthermore, we intend to illustrate the potential diagnostic value of CTCs of distinct phenotypes in HCC. METHODS: The clinical data of 33 HCC patients and 10 healthy volunteers were collected retrospectively. By using the optimized CanPatrol CTC enrichment technique, patient blood samples of about 5 ml were collected, and CTCs were identified and characterized. The first step of this detection process was to isolate CTCs via a filter-based method; then, an RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) technique based on the branched DNA signal amplification technology was used to classify the CTCs according to EMT markers. The relationships between HCC CTCs and clinical characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: The number of epithelial CTCs was related to tumor size (r = 0.456, p = 0.008), epithelial-mesenchymal-mixed CTCs were related to tumor number (r = 0.421, p = 0.015), and mesenchymal CTC was associated with metastasis (r = 0.375, p = 0.032). There was no significant correlation between CTC number and other clinicopathological factors, such as age, serum AFP level or cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS: Epithelial-mesenchymal-mixed CTCs seem to play an important role in EMT transition in HCC, mixed CTCs might be a vital factor for intrahepatic metastasis, and mesenchymal CTCs had the potential to be a predictor of extrahepatic metastasis.

Zinc-mediated chain extension reaction of 1,3-diketones to 1,4-diketones and diastereoselective synthesis of trans-1,2-disubstituted cyclopropanols.

[reaction: see text] A variety of 1,3-diketones can be efficiently converted into the corresponding 1,4-diketones and trans-1,2-disubstituted cyclopropanols by using organozinc species in one-pot reactions. It was found that 2.3 equiv of CF3CO2ZnCH2I was effective to give the corresponding chain-extended products in 44-85% yields, while a mixture of organozinc species formed from 4.0 equiv of Et2Zn, 2.0 equiv of CF3CO2H, and 4.0 equiv of CH2I2 resulted in the formation of trans-1,2-disubstituted cyclopropanols with quite good yields and diastereoselectivity.

Zinc-mediated ring-expansion and chain-extension reactions of beta-keto esters.

[Chemical reaction: see text] The reaction of cyclic beta-keto esters with CF3CO2ZnCH2I provided the corresponding ring-expanded products in moderate to good yields. Although alpha-substituted acyclic beta-keto esters reacted with much less efficient, chain-extension reaction of simple beta-keto esters also proceeded effectively to generate gamma-keto esters in high yields.