Dynamic interactions of carbon trading, green certificate trading, and electricity markets: Insights from system dynamics modeling.

In the context of the evolving landscape of reduction in carbon emissions and integration of renewable energy, this study uses system dynamics (SD) modeling to explore the interconnected dynamics of carbon trading (CT), tradable green certificate (TGC) trading, and electricity markets. Using differential equations with time delays, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of structural relationships and feedback mechanisms within and between these markets. Key findings reveal the intricate interplay between carbon prices, green certificate prices, and electricity prices under various coupling mechanisms. For example, under the three-market coupling mechanism, carbon trading prices stabilize around 150 Yuan/ton, while green certificate prices reach a peak of 0.45 Yuan/KWH, impacting electricity prices, which fluctuate between 0.33 and 1.09 Yuan / KWH during the simulation period. These quantitative results shed light on nuanced fluctuations in market prices and the dynamics of anticipated purchases and sales volumes within each market. The insights gleaned from this study offer valuable implications for policy makers and market stakeholders in navigating the complexities of carbon emission reduction strategies, the integration of renewable energy and market equilibrium. By understanding the dynamics of multi-market coupling, stakeholders can better formulate policies and strategies to achieve sustainable energy transitions and mitigate impacts of climate change.

Cyanation with isocyanides: recent advances and perspectives.

Cyanation has attracted considerable attention in organic synthesis because nitriles are key structural motifs in numerous important dyes, agrochemicals, natural products and drug molecules. As the fourth generation of cyanating reagents, isocyanides occupy a prominent place in the synthesis of nitriles due to their favorable stability, easy operability and high reactivity. In recent years, three types of cyanation with isocyanides have been established: the cleavage of the C-NC bond of tertiary alkyl isocyanides (Type I), the rearrangement of aryl isocyanides with azides (Type II), and the reductive cyanation of ketones with α-acidic isocyanides (Type III). This review focuses on advances in cyanation with isocyanides with an emphasis on reaction scope, limitations and mechanisms, which could reveal their remarkable value and superiority for accessing various nitriles. In addition, the future development prospects of this specific field are also introduced. We believe that this feature article will serve as a comprehensive tool to navigate cyanation with isocyanides across the vast area of synthetic chemistry.

[Retracted] Rotenone restrains colon cancer cell viability, motility and epithelial­mesenchymal transition and tumorigenesis in nude mice via the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editor's attention by a concerned reader that the immunofluorescence staining data shown in Fig. 3C, and the migration and invasion assay data shown in Figs. 4C and 4D were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other research articles written by different authors at different research institutes that had either already been published, or were submitted for publication at around the same time, one of which has been retracted. In addition, the western blotting data shown for the E­cadherin and AKT protein bands in Fig. 5 were strikingly similar, albeit the bands had been flipped vertically. Owing to the fact that contentious data in the above article had already been submitted for publication elsewhere prior to its submission to International Journal of Molecular Medicine, the Editor has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. The authors were asked for an explanation to account for these concerns, but the Editorial Office did not receive a reply. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [International Journal of Molecular Medicine 44: 700­708, 2020; DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4637].

Comparative Analysis of miRNA Expression Profiles under Salt Stress in Wheat.

Salt stress is one of the important environmental factors that inhibit the normal growth and development of plants. Plants have evolved various mechanisms, including signal transduction regulation, physiological regulation, and gene transcription regulation, to adapt to environmental stress. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in regulating mRNA expression. Nevertheless, miRNAs related to salt stress are rarely reported in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, using high-throughput sequencing, we analyzed the miRNA expression profile of wheat under salt stress. We identified 360 conserved and 859 novel miRNAs, of which 49 showed considerable changes in transcription levels after salt treatment. Among them, 25 were dramatically upregulated and 24 were downregulated. Using real-time quantitative PCR, we detected significant changes in the relative expression of miRNAs, and the results showed the same trend as the sequencing data. In the salt-treated group, miR109 had a higher expression level, while miR60 and miR202 had lower expression levels. Furthermore, 21 miRNAs with significant changes were selected from the differentially expressed miRNAs, and 1023 candidate target genes were obtained through the prediction of the website psRNATarget. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the candidate target genes showed that the expressed miRNA may be involved in the response to biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis confirmed their important functions in RNA degradation, metabolic pathways, synthesis pathways, peroxisome, environmental adaptation, global and overview maps, and stress adaptation and the MAPK signal pathway. These findings provide a basis for further exploring the function of miRNA in wheat salt tolerance.

Rapid Access to Fused Tetracyclic N-Heterocycles via Amino-to-Alkyl 1,5-Palladium Migration Coupled with Intramolecular C(sp3)-C(sp2) Coupling.

An unprecedented route for the preparation of fused tetracyclic N-heterocycles is presented through the palladium-catalyzed cyclization of isocyanides with alkyne-tethered aryl iodides. In this transformation, a novel amino-to-alkyl 1,5-palladium migration/intramolecular C(sp3)-C(sp2) coupling sequence was observed first. More importantly, isocyanide exhibited three roles, serving simultaneously as a C1 synthon, a C1N1 synthon, and the donor of C(sp3) for C(sp3)-C(sp2) coupling, and the reaction was the sole successful example that achieved C(sp3)-H activation of isocyanide.

Accessing indole-isoindole derivatives via palladium-catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of isocyanides with alkynyl imines.

A facile protocol for the preparation of indole-isoindole derivatives was developed and proceeds via a palladium-catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of isocyanides with alkynyl imines. In this transformation, the palladium catalyst has a triple role, serving simultaneously as a π acid, a transition-metal catalyst and a hydride ion donor, thus enabling the dual function of isocyanide both as a C1 synthon for cyanation and a C1N1 synthon for imidoylation. Significantly, the reaction is the sole successful example for accessing indole-isoindole derivatives, and will open up new avenues to assemble unique N-heterocycle frameworks. Furthermore, the synthetic value of this protocol is demonstrated in the late-stage modification of physiologically active molecules and in the construction of aggregation-induced emission compounds.

Heat shock protein TaHSP17.4, a TaHOP interactor in wheat, improves plant stress tolerance.

Adaptation to drought and salt stresses is a fundamental part of plant cell physiology and is of great significance for crop production under environmental stress. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that play a crucial role in folding, assembling, translocating, and degrading proteins. However, their underlying mechanisms and functions in stress tolerance remain elusive. Here, we identified the HSP TaHSP17.4 in wheat by analyzing the heat stress-induced transcriptome. Further analysis showed that TaHSP17.4 was significantly induced under drought, salt, and heat stress treatments. Intriguingly, yeast-two-hybrid analysis showed that TaHSP17.4 interacts with the HSP70/HSP90 organizing protein (HOP) TaHOP, which plays a significant role in linking HSP70 and HSP90. We found that TaHSP17.4- and TaHOP-overexpressing plants have a higher proline content and a lower malondialdehyde content than wild-type plants under stress conditions and display strong tolerance to drought, salt, and heat stress. Additionally, qRT-PCR analysis showed that stress-responsive genes relevant to reactive oxygen species scavenging and abscisic acid signaling pathways were significantly induced in TaHSP17.4- and TaHOP-overexpressing plants under stress conditions. Together, our findings provide insight into HSP functions in wheat and two novel candidate genes for improvement of wheat varieties.

An open dataset for intelligent recognition and classification of abnormal condition in longwall mining.

The underground coal mine production of the fully mechanized mining face exists many problems, such as poor operating environment, high accident rate and so on. Recently, the intelligent autonomous coal mining is gradually replacing the traditional mining process. The artificial intelligence technology is an active research area and is expect to identify and warn the underground abnormal conditions for intelligent longwall mining. It is inseparable from the construction of datasets, but the downhole dataset is still blank at present. This work develops an image dataset of underground longwall mining face (DsLMF+), which consists of 138004 images with annotation 6 categories of mine personnel, hydraulic support guard plate, large coal, towline, miners' behaviour and mine safety helmet. All the labels of dataset are publicly available in YOLO format and COCO format. The availability and accuracy of the datasets were reviewed by experts in coal mine field. The dataset is open access and aims to support further research and advancement of the intelligent identification and classification of abnormal conditions for underground mining.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Strategy for Treating Major Depressive Disorder Based on a Famous Formulation-Baweixiaoyaosan.

In this study, systematic pharmacological methods were used to reveal the potential pharmacological targets of baweixiaoyaosan in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). We identified 133 potential active compounds through data mining and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion evaluation systems. Then, the target of potential active compounds is predicted by a system model based on random forest and support vector machine methods. Next, construct herbal ingredient-target networks and target-disease networks for further analysis of multi-directional treatment methods. At the same time, we also performed gene ontology enrichment analysis, tissue location analysis, and pathway analysis on 76 potential targets. Finally, we conducted the Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi compatibility analysis of the formula and scientifically explained the different functions of different herbs in the formula. In short, we found that the formula mainly exerts the effect of treating MDD through the four functional modules of inflammation inhibition, neuroprotection, monoamine neurotransmitter and liver. This research not only explores the mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment of MDD from a multi-scale perspective, but also provides a reference for future research on BWXYS. It plays a role in promoting the widespread use of BWXYS.

Study on pollution evolution law of coal and rock mixed dust in coal-oil shale fully mechanized mining face: a study case.

To better understand the dust dispersion and pollution laws in coal-oil shale fully mechanized mining faces, the airflow distribution and coal and oil shale mixed dust emission law was simulated, and the simulation results are analyzed and verified in combination with the field measured data. The research results showed that in the area 0-10 m on the leeward side of the front drum, most of the coal dust particles with a large particle size stay near the roof of the hydraulic support and the height of the breathing zone, while most of the oil shale dust particles with a large particle size stay in the area below the height of the breathing zone. In the height of the breathing belt, oil shale and coal dust particles seriously polluted the 0-6-m and 0-13-m areas on the leeward side of the front drum of the shearer, respectively. According to the different distribution of coal dust and oil shale dust, a wet dust collector and multi-nozzle atomization set are designed to remove dust. The field test results show that the dust removal rates of the two kinds of dust reach 83.4% and 87.5% respectively after the dust removal device is opened.

Increasingly amplified stimulation mediated by TaNAC69-B is crucial for the leaf senescence in wheat.

Leaf senescence involves massive multidimensional alterations, such as nutrient redistribution, and is closely related to crop yield and quality. No apical meristem, Arabidopsis transcription activation factor, and Cup-shaped cotyledon (NAC)-type transcription factors integrate various signals and modulate an enormous number of target genes to ensure the appropriate progression of leaf senescence. However, few leaf senescence-related NACs have been functionally characterized in wheat. Based on our previous RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data, we focused on a NAC family member, TaNAC69-B, which is increasingly expressed during leaf senescence in wheat. Overexpression of TaNAC69-B led to precocious leaf senescence in wheat and Arabidopsis, and affected several agricultural traits in transgenic wheat. Moreover, impaired expression of TaNAC69-B by virus-induced gene silencing retarded the leaf senescence in wheat. By RNA-seq and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, we confirmed that some abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis genes, including AAO3 and its ortholog in wheat, TraesCS2B02G270600 (TaAO3-B), were elevated by the overexpression of TaNAC69-B. Consistently, we observed more severe ABA-induced leaf senescence in TaNAC69-B-OE wheat and Arabidopsis plants. Furthermore, we determined that TaNAC69-B bound to the NAC binding site core (CGT) on the promoter regions of AAO3 and TaAO3-B. Moreover, we confirmed elevated ABA levels in TaNAC69-B-OE wheat lines. Although TaNAC69-B shares 39.83% identity (amino acid) with AtNAP, TaNAC69-B did not completely restore the delayed leaf senescence in the atnap mutant. Collectively, our results revealed a positive feedback loop, consisting of TaNAC69-B, ABA biosynthesis and leaf senescence, that is essential for the regulation of leaf senescence in wheat.

The Eco-Agricultural Industrial Chain: The Meaning, Content and Practices.

Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. Resource-saving and environmentally friendly industrial structures, production, and living modes are pursued continuously for sustainable ecological development. According to the Second National Pollution-Source Survey, agricultural non-point pollution is still the most important source of the current water pollution. In order to improve the water environment and control the pollution, the meaning and content of the eco-agricultural industrial chain was introduced. Based on this conception, the eco-agricultural industrial chain, integrating a whole circular system with different sessions of crop farming, animal breeding, agricultural product processing, and rural living, was innovatively put forward to control the agricultural non-point pollution and protect the water environment systematically for the first time in this paper. The sustainable development was realized at a large scale from the reduction and harmlessness at the source, resource utilization in the process, and ecological restoration in the end. Core techniques were innovated based on the integration of agricultural industries to achieve the high-quality and green development of agriculture. The system included ecological breeding technologies, ecological cultivation technologies, as well as rural sewage treatment and recycling technologies, in the principle of reduce, reuse, and resource. Based on this, the agricultural production changed from the traditional mode of "resources-products-wastes" to the circulation pattern of "resources-products-renewable resources-products". Thus, the final aim could be achieved to realize the material's multilevel use and energy conversion in the system. The eco-agricultural industrial chain technology was proven to be efficient to achieve both the good control of agricultural non-point pollution and an effective improvement in the water quality.

Numerical simulation investigation on optimal air volume for dilution dust-gas by forced ventilation in fully mechanized driving face.

In order to ensure the best dust removal on the basis of the optimal gas emission, and to determine the best dust and gas exhaust air volume, numerical simulation research was carried out on the airflow-dust-gas field of the fully mechanized driving face. The results indicate that under different air volumes, with an increase in the distance from the head-on, the airflow velocity of the fully mechanized driving face first increased and then decreased, and gradually tended to be stable. When Q = 800-900 m3/min, the head-on gas dilution ability is strong and the range of high gas content was the minimum. When Q > 900 m3/min, the gas dilution efficiency was reduced and easy to cause secondary dust. In the height of the respiratory zone, the relationship between the dust concentration distribution and air volume is [Formula: see text], and that between the gas content and air volume is [Formula: see text]. Finally, the optimal air volume range was determined to be Q = 800-900 m3/min. By comparing the measured and simulated airflow velocity, dust concentration, and gas content, the average errors were 6.77%, 6.83%, and 7.73%, respectively, which proves the reliability of the numerical simulation results.

Research on dust dispersion law of fully mechanized mining faces under different inclinations and tracking closed dust control method.

Based on the gas-solid two-phase flow theory, numerical simulation of the dust dispersion law of fully mechanized mining work under different inclination angles and comparative analysis of field-measured data show that with the increase of working face inclination, the inclination of airflow into the unmined zone increases from 25° to 50° and the maximum wind speed increases from 2.16 to 2.25 m/s after the mixing of cutting turbulent wind and system ventilation. Meanwhile, the range of high-concentration dust clusters, suspension time, lateral migration intensity, and deposition zone increase to varying degrees; dust clusters increases from 62.02 to 202.46 m3. When X < 53.96 m, the dust concentration in the sidewalk-breathing zone shows a sine function with the length of the working face, and when X ≥ 53.96 m, it satisfies the exponential decay function. Based on this, the tracking closed dust control technology is proposed. Combining the offset angle of the airflow and t the gathering position of dust mass, the wind curtain angle and air velocity are automatically controlled to ensure that the dust is restricted to one side of the cable trough.

Targeted delivery of irinotecan to colon cancer cells using epidermal growth factor receptor-conjugated liposomes.

BACKGROUND: CPT-11 (irinotecan) is one of the most efficient agents used for colorectal cancer chemotherapy. However, as for many other chemotherapeutic drugs, how to minimize the side effects of CPT-11 still needs to be thoroughly described. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop the CPT-11-loaded DSPE-PEG 2000 targeting EGFR liposomal delivery system and characterize its targeting specificity and therapeutic effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: The synthesized liposome exhibited spherical shapes (84.6 ± 1.2 nm to 150.4 nm ± 0.8 nm of estimated average sizes), good stability, sustained release, and enough drug loading (55.19%). For in vitro experiments, SW620 cells treated with CPT-11-loaded DSPE-PEG2000 targeting EGFR liposome showed lower survival extended level of intracellular ROS production. In addition, it generated an enhanced apoptotic cell rate by upregulating the protein expression of both cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-9 compared with those of SW620 cells treated with free CPT-11. Importantly, the xenograft model showed that both the non-target and EGFR-targeted liposomes significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to free CPT-11. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the non-target CPT-11-loaded DSPE-PEG2000 liposome, CPT-11-loaded DSPE-PEG2000 targeting EGFR liposome treatment showed much better antitumor activity in vitro in vivo. Thus, our findings provide new assets and expectations for CRC targeting therapy.

Doping Sodium Tungsten Bronze-Like (Na5W14O44) Near-Infrared Shielding Functional Units in Bulk Borosilicate Glasses for Energy-Saving Window Applications.

Tungsten bronze is an effective near-infrared (NIR) shielding material for fabricating energy-saving smart windows. While high-performing NIR-shielding glasses can be fabricated by coating a tungsten bronze film on window glasses, these glasses suffer a short lifespan due to the adhesion and degeneration of film. In this work, we show that tungsten bronze-like material Na5W14O44 can be distributed in the bulk glass matrix during the facile melt-quenching glass fabrication process under an air atmosphere, overcoming the limitations of film-based glasses. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of tungsten bronze-like Na5W14O44 functional units in the SiO2-B2O3-NaF glass matrix. The addition of a small amount of H2WO4 and Sb2O3 is critical for the formation of Na5W14O44 functional units because H2WO4 provides W for Na5W14O44, and Sb2O3 acts as a reducing agent that helps the formation of W5+ in Na5W14O44 under an air atmosphere. Furthermore, the NIR-shielding ability can be tuned by adjusting the concentration of Sb2O3 in the range of 0-1.5 mol % and of H2WO4 in the range of 4-6 mol %. The optimized composition containing 1.25 mol % of Sb2O3 and 5 mol % of H2WO4 exhibits excellent NIR-shielding ability (ΔT = 62.8%), high visible light transmittance (Tmax = 67.7%), and excellent thermal insulation. This performance is comparable to cesium tungsten bronze film-based glasses and much better than soda lime glass and ITO glass under sun irradiation. This study sheds light on fabricating energy-saving windows in a simple and cost-effective way with flexibility for fine tuning of NIR-shielding performance.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase TaMPK3 suppresses ABA response by destabilising TaPYL4 receptor in wheat.

Abscisic acid (ABA) receptors are considered as the targeted manipulation of ABA sensitivity and water productivity in plants. Regulation of their stability or activity will directly affect ABA signalling. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades link multiple environmental and plant developmental cues. However, the molecular mechanism of ABA signalling and MAPK cascade interaction remains largely elusive. TaMPK3 overexpression decreases drought tolerance and wheat sensitivity to ABA, significantly weakening ABA's inhibitory effects on growth. Under drought stress, overexpression lines show lower survival rates, shoot fresh weight and proline content, but higher malondialdehyde levels at seedling stage, as well as decreased grain width and 1000 grain weight in both glasshouse and field conditions at the adult stage. TaMPK3-RNAi increases drought tolerance. TaMPK3 interaction with TaPYL4 leads to decreased TaPYL4 levels by promoting its ubiquitin-mediated degradation, whereas ABA treatment diminishes TaMPK3-TaPYL interactions. In addition, the expression of ABA signalling proteins is impaired in TaMPK3-overexpressing wheat plants under ABA treatment. The MPK3-PYL interaction module was found to be conserved across monocots and dicots. Our results suggest that the MPK3-PYL module could serve as a negative regulatory mechanism for balancing appropriate drought stress response with normal plant growth signalling in wheat.

The effects of filter characteristics of single-filter cartridge on dust removal performance with simulation and experimental analysis.

To obtain the adaptability range of the single-filter cartridge dust collector, a numerical analysis of the key component (filter cartridge) that affects the filter performance of the dust collector is carried out. The study found that the filtration air velocity gradually decreases from the top A to the bottom C of the filter cartridge surface. During the filtration process, along the surface of the filter cartridge from C to A, the pressure first drops and then rises. At C, the negative pressure is the largest, with an average of about 525 Pa. The ineffective filtration area of section A of the upper part of the filter cartridge accounts for 2/5 of the filtration area, and the concentration of the first layer of dust is y = (0.01 ± a) + 0.02 × (0.08 ± b)x exponentially decreasing. The critical particle size range that the filter cartridge can filter dust is M≥1.87 µm, and the best dust removal range of the dust collector is N≥4.625 µm. An agreement between experiment and simulating results proves the validity of simulation model and reliability of the experimental data. Enterprises can choose a reasonable dust removal method based on the research results to optimize the adaptability of the working environment and the dust collector. It also provides a theoretical basis for researchers to solve the problems in the filtration and cleaning process.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calmodulin and calmodulin-like genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) genes are widely involved in plant growth and development and mediating plant stress tolerance. However, the whole genome scale studies about CaM and CML gene families have not been done in wheat, and the possible functions of most wheat CaM/CML gene members are still unknown. In this study, a total of 18 TaCaM and 230 TaCML gene members were identified in wheat genome. Among these genes, 28 TaCaM/CML gene members have 74 duplicated copies, while 21 genes have 48 transcript variants, resulting in 321 putative TaCaM/CML transcripts totally. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that they can be classified into 7 subfamilies. Similar gene structures and protein domains can be found in members of the same gene cluster. The TaCaM/CML genes were spread among all 21 chromosomes with unbalanced distributions, while most of the gene clusters contained 3 homoeologous genes located in the same homoeologous chromosome group. Synteny analysis showed that most of TaCaM/CMLs gene members can be found with 1-4 paralogous genes in T. turgidum and Ae. Tauschii. High numbers of cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and stress responses can be observed in the promoters of TaCaM/CMLs. The spatiotemporal expression patterns showed that most of the TaCaM/TaCML genes can be detected in at least one tissue. The expression levels of TaCML17, 21, 30, 50, 59 and 75 in the root or shoot can be up-regulated by abiotic stresses, suggesting that TaCML17, 21, 30, 50, 59 and 75 may be related with responses to abiotic stresses in wheat. The spatiotemporal expression patterns of TaCaM/CML genes indicated they may be involved widely in wheat growth and development. Our results provide important clues for exploring functions of TaCaMs/CMLs in growth and development as well as responses to abiotic stresses in wheat in the future.