ABSTRACT
Eight compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the 80% aqueous ethanol extract of the roots and stems of Rubus pirifolius Smith by AB-8 macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis such as 1D/2D NMR, MS, UV, IR and by comparison with literature information as rubussecotriterpene A (1), rubussecotriterpene B (2), cecropiacic acid (3), cecropiacic acid 3-methyl ester (4), alphitolic acid (5), betulinic acid (6), betulin (7), and obtusalin (8). Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, and compounds 3-8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
ABSTRACT
The names, basic sources, medicinal parts, efficacy and standards of the medicinal materials in Euphorbiaceae were systematically collated and analyzed by the textual research for Yao medicine monographs in this paper. The results showed that there were great differences in the names, basic sources, medicinal parts and efficacy of some medicinal materials recorded in different literatures. There were 19 genera and 60 species(including varieties) of Euphorbiaceae of Yao medicine, involving 50 kinds of medicinal materials. Among them, there were 42 kinds of single basic sources medicine, 8 kinds of multi basic sources medicine, 28 kinds of root medicine, 26 kinds of whole plant medicine, 25 kinds of unique Yao medicine, accounting for 50%, 11 kinds of cross with Chinese medicinal materials, accounting for 22%. There were 21 kinds of Yao medicine standards at all levels, but only 1 kind of Laoban medicine and 2 kinds of Yao medicine standards. The Yao medicine in Euphorbiaceae could be named by means of transliteration of Yao language/Yao language transliteration/Chinese medicine name, Laoban medicine, plant morphology, medicinal properties, color and smell of medicine, while the medicinal parts and efficacy of the same medicinal name were different from those of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, the name and basic sources of the medicinal materials in Euphorbiaceae were not standardized, and the quality standard is not perfect. The above results provided a reference for the construction and improvement of quality standard system, the promotion of the production of medicinal materials and clinical medication standards, and the further development and utilization of Euphorbiaceae.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Euphorbiaceae , Plants, Medicinal , Humans , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Records , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate influence of electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on pharmacokinetics after oral administration of Paracetamol in rats and explore the effect and mechanism of acupuncture combined with medicinal drugs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight SD rats, in half respectively male and female, were randomly divided into 6 groups: Paracetamol groups of low, moderate, and high doses (oral dose of Paracetamol 300, 600 or 1200 mg/kg, respectively), and electroacupuncture plus Paracetamol groups of low, moderate, and high doses (electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) acupoint for 20 min after oral dose of Paracetamol 300, 600 or 1 200 mg/kg, respectively). Serum specimens of rats in each group were obtained at different time points to determine the concentrations of Paracetamol by RP-HPLC after oral administration of Paracetamol at different dosage, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by software 3P87, so as to observe the influence of electroacupuncture on absorption and metabolism of Paracetamol.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Except in electroacupuncture plus Paracetamol groups of high doses group showing a non-linear dynamics model, the pharmacokinetics parameters of Paracetamol in the other fives groups were all fitted to first order grade absorption of two-compartment open model. Compared with the Paracetamol groups of low and moderate doses, the time to peak concentration (T(max)) was advanced (P < 0.01), the peak values of plasma concentration (C(max)) were significantly higher (P < 0.01), and the absorption half-life (T1/2ka) speeded up apparently (P < 0.01), but the elimination half-life (T1/2ke) remained basically unchanged (P > 0.05), and the area under the curve (AUC) increased significantly (P < 0.01), and plasma clearance (Cl(s)) was lower (P < 0.01) in the electroacupuncture plus Paracetamol groups of low and moderate doses. Compared with the Paracetamol group of high doses, the AUC also increased significantly (P < 0.01) and the mean residence time (MRT) postponed relatively (P < 0.05) in the electroacupuncture plus Paracetamol group of high doses.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It indicates that clinical consideration must be given to the drug dosage and the possible influence of electroacupuncture on the metabolism of some drugs in order to avoid and reduce adverse reactions.</p>
