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1.
J Reprod Immunol ; 159: 104134, 2023 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37634319

ABSTRACT

The Human Leukocyte Antigen G (HLA-G) is an immunoregulatory molecule with a critical role in pregnancy success. HLA-G alleles are associated with differential susceptibility to multiple conditions, including gestational problems, infectious diseases, and viral persistence. Of note, both herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) can impair HLA-G expression, interfering with HLA-G-associated immunoregulation. On the other hand, the impacts of HLA-G alleles on susceptibility to Herpesviridae infection is a neglected issue. Therefore, this study evaluated HLA-G allele frequencies and their associations with placental Herpesviridae infection in women from southern Brazil. Placenta samples were collected soon after delivery, and detection of viral DNA of HSV-1, HSV-2 and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A fragment of HLA-G (exons 2-4) was amplified by PCR, sequenced, and analyzed to allele determination. One hundred and seventy women had their alleles determined. Overall, 25 HLA-G alleles were found, distributed into 56 different genotypes. The most frequent alleles were G* 01:01:01 and G* 01:01:02, found in 37.9 % and 16.5 % of samples, respectively. Among the 170 women, 89 (52.4 %) tested positive for Herpesviridae DNA in the placenta, 55 (32.3 %) tested negative, 3 (1.8 %) were negative for HSV-1 and HSV-2 (with absent HCMV data), and 23 (13.5 %) were undetermined. The G* 01:01:01 allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of placental HSV-1 infection (p = 0.0151; OR=1.837; IC=1.108-3.045). This study describes new information concerning placental HLA-G alleles in women from southern Brazil and helps explain how genetic background can modify susceptibility to placental infections.


Subject(s)
Herpes Simplex , Herpesvirus 1, Human , Pregnancy , Female , Humans , Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics , Alleles , HLA-G Antigens/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , Placenta , Herpesvirus 2, Human/genetics , Cytomegalovirus
2.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 91(6): 523-528, nov.-dez. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-769791

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a prevalência e os fatores associados à transmissão vertical de HIV-1 entre grávidas tratadas de 1998-2004 e de 2005-2011 em um serviço de referência de cuidado de pacientes com HIV no sul do Brasil. Métodos Estudo descritivo e analítico que usou as bases de dados de laboratórios da Rede Nacional de Laboratórios de CD4 e Carga Viral de DST/Aids do Ministério da Saúde. As grávidas com HIV-1 foram selecionadas em uma pesquisa ativa de informações clínicas e dados obstétricos e neonatais em seus prontuários médicos entre 1998-2011. Resultados Foram analisadas 102 grávidas entre 1998 e 2004 e 251 entre 2005-2011, no total 353 crianças nascidas de grávidas com HIV-1. Observou-se que a transmissão vertical foi de 11,8% entre 1998 e 2004 e de 3,2% entre 2005-2011 (p < 0,001). O maior uso de medicamentos antirretrovirais (p = 0,02), a redução na carga viral (p < 0,001) e o tempo de ruptura de membranas menor do que quatro horas (p < 0,001) foram associados à redução nos fatores de transmissão vertical quando os dois períodos são comparados. Conclusão Observou-se uma redução na taxa de transmissão vertical nos últimos anos. De acordo com as variáveis estudadas, sugere-se que os fatores de risco de transmissão vertical de HIV-1 foram ausência de terapia antirretroviral, alta carga viral das grávidas e tempo de ruptura maior do que quatro horas.


Abstract Objective To compare the prevalence and factors associated with vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) among pregnant women treated in the periods of 1998-2004 and 2005-2011 in a reference service for the care of HIV-infected patients in southern Brazil. Methods This was a descriptive and analytical study that used the databases of laboratories from the CD4 and STDs/AIDS Viral Load National Laboratory Network of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. HIV-1-infected pregnant women were selected after an active search for clinical information and obstetric and neonatal data from their medical records between the years of 1998 and 2011. Results 102 pregnant women were analyzed between 1998 and 2004 and 251 in the period between 2005 and 2011, totaling 353 children born to pregnant women with HIV-1. It was observed that the vertical transmission rate was 11.8% between 1998 and 2004 and 3.2% between 2005 and 2011 (p < 0.001). The increased use of antiretroviral drugs (p = 0.02), the decrease in viral load (p < 0.001), and time of membrane rupture lower than 4 h (p < 0.001) were associated with the decrease of vertical transmission factors when comparing the two periods. Conclusion It was observed a decrease in the rate of vertical transmission in recent years. According to the studied variables, is suggested that the risk factors for vertical transmission of HIV-1 were absence of antiretroviral therapy, high viral load in the pregnant women, and membrane rupture time >4 h.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , HIV Infections/transmission , HIV-1 , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Prenatal Care , Brazil/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Viral Load
3.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 91(6): 523-8, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26126701

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence and factors associated with vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) among pregnant women treated in the periods of 1998-2004 and 2005-2011 in a reference service for the care of HIV-infected patients in southern Brazil. METHODS: This was a descriptive and analytical study that used the databases of laboratories from the CD4 and STDs/AIDS Viral Load National Laboratory Network of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. HIV-1-infected pregnant women were selected after an active search for clinical information and obstetric and neonatal data from their medical records between the years of 1998 and 2011. RESULTS: 102 pregnant women were analyzed between 1998 and 2004 and 251 in the period between 2005 and 2011, totaling 353 children born to pregnant women with HIV-1. It was observed that the vertical transmission rate was 11.8% between 1998 and 2004 and 3.2% between 2005 and 2011 (p<0.001). The increased use of antiretroviral drugs (p=0.02), the decrease in viral load (p<0.001), and time of membrane rupture lower than 4h (p<0.001) were associated with the decrease of vertical transmission factors when comparing the two periods. CONCLUSION: It was observed a decrease in the rate of vertical transmission in recent years. According to the studied variables, is suggested that the risk factors for vertical transmission of HIV-1 were absence of antiretroviral therapy, high viral load in the pregnant women, and membrane rupture time >4h.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/transmission , HIV-1 , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Prenatal Care , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Viral Load
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