Echocardiographic screening in pediatric asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 outpatients: is it a useful test or an excess of zeal?

INTRODUCTION: Data regarding echocardiographic findings during follow-up of asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are scarce in pediatric patients. The aim of the present study is to assess post-COVID-19 sequelae through echocardiography in children who have experienced mild SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective, observational study enrolled a cohort of 133 pediatric outpatients, born between 2005 and 2022, with a history of asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, who underwent transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) evaluation at an outpatient pediatric clinic in Northern Italy. RESULTS: The percentage of the pediatric activity of the clinic which was focused on post-COVID evaluation was not negligible, representing almost 10% of the ∼1500 pediatric patients examined from 1 January 2021 to 31 August 2022. According to ACEP classification, children enrolled in this study had previously experienced in 72.9% (97) asymptomatic COVID-19 and nearly 27% (36) a mild illness. Clinical and instrumental examinations did not show any relevant abnormality in the functional [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP)] or structural [interventricular septum diameter (IVSd), left ventricular internal diameter (LViD, end-diastolic volume (EDV), left atrium volume (LAV)] parameters examined related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the total of 133 children. CONCLUSION: According to our results, children who experienced an asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection should not be systematically investigated with second-level techniques, such as TTE, in the absence of clinical suspicion or other risk conditions such as congenital heart diseases, comorbidities or risk factors.

50 shades of lockdown: sex workers' hidden world during COVID pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic had a huge impact on psychological health and socioeconomic structures. The consequences of COVID-19 on the physical, psychological, and social spheres have been extensively studied, except for aspects concerning sexuality and sex workers, in terms of physical, social and economic impact, but also as a possible cause for viral transmission. METHODS: With the intention of counteracting the lack of research, from September 2020 to August 2022, we distributed an anonymous questionnaire to Sex Workers' associations aimed at investigating the impact of the pandemics on sex workers. In the period examined we received and reviewed 147 questionnaires from women, men, and transsexuals. CONCLUSIONS: The prevention of the viral transmission during a pandemic is of utmost importance but should not be exclusively promoted at the expense of other important prevention initiatives. Safeguarding psycho-physical health of the general population, including effective health educational communications emphasizing the importance of sexual activity in mental and physical health should be part of ongoing health objectives. These approaches need to include sex workers of all genders-particularly racialized and marginalized sex workers-in public health planning and messaging alongside structural interventions. Full decriminalization of sex work and access to workplace protections are key to protecting both sex workers' and clients' health. Sex workers of all genders have often been among the first hit by epidemics and the last to be protected-it is long past time to change that.

Echocardiography in the preparticipation screening: an old topic revisited.

BACKGROUND: Preparticipation screenings have been conceived for the potential to prevent sudden cardiac death in young athletes by early identification of hidden cardiac diseases. Commonly used protocols include family history collection, physical examination, and resting electrocardiogram. Transthoracic echocardiography has been hypothesized to have a primary role in the preparticipation screening. AIMS: The present study aimed to evaluate the additional role of echocardiogram in identifying cardiovascular abnormalities that might be undetected by commonly used preparticipation screening. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed Ferrari Formula Benessere, a corporate wellness program database, and analyzed data recorded from 2017 to 2022 to compare two medical models: a 'standard' preparticipation screening including medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram and exercise stress testing versus an 'advanced' preparticipation screening comprising history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, exercise stress testing and echocardiography. RESULTS: From an initial sample size of 7500 patients, we included 500 patients (420 male, 33.69 ±â€Š7.9 mean age) enrolled for the first time in the corporate wellness program between 2017 and 2022. Three hundred and thirty-nine (67.8%) patients had no abnormal findings at 'standard' preparticipation screening and, even if they would have not required further evaluation, we performed echocardiography anyway ('advanced' preparticipation screening): 31 (9.1%) showed some abnormal cardiovascular findings at echocardiography, such as patent foramen ovalis, bicuspid aortic valve, aortic root ectasia or mitral valve prolapse. CONCLUSIONS: Screening echocardiogram showed an additional value (about 10% more) in detecting patients with cardiovascular abnormalities, otherwise undiagnosed with the 'standard' preparticipation screening protocol.

Use of Telemedicine Healthcare Systems in Pediatric Assistance at Territorial Level: Consensus Document of the Italian Society of Telemedicine (SIT), of the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics (SIPPS), of the Italian Society of Pediatric Primary Care (SICuPP), of the Italian Federation of Pediatric Doctors (FIMP) and of the Syndicate of Family Pediatrician Doctors (SIMPeF).

Technological innovation can contribute to a reorganization of healthcare, particularly by supporting the shift in the focus of care from the hospital to the territory, through innovative citizen-centered models, and facilitating access to services in the territory. Health and social care delivery modalities, enabled by telemedicine, are crucial in this regard. The objective of this Consensus document, written by the main Italian Scientific Societies involved in the use of telemedicine in pediatrics, is to define a standard for its use at the territorial level in various declinations in the pediatric field; this paper also identifies priority areas for its application and the types of services that most require intervention and investment. The changes that are underway in digital transformation in all sectors are unstoppable, and for the digital transformation to take place in a productive sense, the contribution of not only all health professionals, but also of patients, is necessary. From this perspective, authors from different backgrounds were involved in the drafting of this Consensus and, in the future, other figures, primarily patients, are expected to be involved. In fact, this belongs to the vision of connected care, in which the citizen/patient actively participates in the treatment path so that they are assisted in a personalized, predictive and preventive way. The future scenario must be able to provide for the involvement of patients from the initial stages of planning any treatment path, even in the pediatric age, and increasing, where possible, the proximity of the health service to the families.

Use of Telemedicine Healthcare Systems in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Disease or in Transition Stages of Life: Consensus Document of the Italian Society of Telemedicine (SIT), of the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics (SIPPS), of the Italian Society of Pediatric Primary Care (SICuPP), of the Italian Federation of Pediatric Doctors (FIMP) and of the Syndicate of Family Pediatrician Doctors (SIMPeF).

Telemedicine is considered an excellent tool to support the daily and traditional practice of the health profession, especially when referring to the care and management of chronic patients. In a panorama in which chronic pathologies with childhood onset are constantly increasing and the improvement of treatments has allowed survival for them into adulthood, telemedicine and remote assistance are today considered effective and convenient solutions both for the chronic patient, who thus receives personalized and timely assistance, and for the doctors, who reduce the need for direct intervention, hospitalizations and consequent management costs. This Consensus document, written by the main Italian Scientific Societies involved in the use of telemedicine in pediatrics, has the objectives to propose an organizational model based on the relationships between the actors who participate in the provision of a telemedicine service aimed at minors with chronic pathologies, identifying specific project links between the areas of telemedicine in the developmental age from the first 1000 days of life to the age adult. The future scenario will have to be able to integrate digital innovation in order to offer the best care to patients and citizens. It will have to be able to provide the involvement of patients from the very beginning of the design of any care pathway, increasing where possible the proximity of the health service to citizens.

Information and Training on the Use of Telemedicine in Pediatric Population: Consensus Document of the Italian Society of Telemedicine (SIT), of the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics (SIPPS), of the Italian Society of Pediatric Primary Care (SICuPP), of the Italian Federation of Pediatric Doctors (FIMP), and of the Syndicate of Family Pediatrician Doctors (SIMPeF).

Telemedicine has entered the daily lives of doctors, although the digital skills of healthcare professionals still remain a goal to be achieved. For the purpose of a large-scale development of telemedicine, it is necessary to create trust in the services it can offer and to favor their acceptance by healthcare professionals and patients. In this context, information for the patient regarding the use of telemedicine, the benefits that can be derived from it, and the training of healthcare professionals and patients for the use of new technologies are fundamental aspects. This consensus document is a commentary that has the aim of defining the information on and training aspects of telemedicine for pediatric patients and their caregivers, as well as pediatricians and other health professionals who deal with minors. For the present and the future of digital healthcare, there is a need for a growth in the skills of professionals and a lifelong learning approach throughout the professional life. Therefore, information and training actions are important to guarantee the necessary professionalism and knowledge of the tools, as well as a good understanding of the interactive context in which they are used. Furthermore, medical skills can also be integrated with the skills of various professionals (engineers, physicists, statisticians, and mathematicians) to birth a new category of health professionals responsible for building new semiotics, identifying criteria for predictive models to be integrated into clinical practice, standardizing clinical and research databases, and defining the boundaries of social networks and new communication technologies within health services.

[A sub-merged arrhythmia... and an up-emerged female swimmer. A case of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia in a young female swimmer surfacing from dynamic apnea]. / Un'aritmia sommersa e una nuotatrice riemersa. Un caso di tachicardia sopraventricolare da rientro nodale in una giovane nuotatrice in riemersione dall'apnea dinamica.

The irrefutable benefits of physical activity as a tool for the prevention and treatment of several clinical conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, are nowadays widely recognized. However, physical exercise may trigger adverse events in subjects with underlying heart disease, often undiagnosed and asymptomatic. It is fundamental to consider that various sports disciplines have peculiar and specific physiological and metabolic adaptations, and it is essential to consider the individual profile of the subject, including gender. We report the case of an agonistic female swimmer with a history of tachycardia heartbeat when resurfacing from dynamic apnea, in whom a diagnosis of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia was made. This case report provides practical evidence of the importance of a personalized approach, in both individual sex- and sport-specific terms, to optimize the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways.

[Sports activity and COVID-19: what's new?] / Attività sportiva e COVID-19: cosa c'è di nuovo?

Growing evidence about COVID-19 and its possible cardiopulmonary complications have raised concerns about a potential subclinical heart damage even in asymptomatic patients. Many countries worldwide provided recommendations for a safe return to play and sports activity for athletes with previous COVID-19 disease. Italy was among the first nations to deal with the problem of protecting athletes' health. In this regard, after an initial version released on April 2020, on December 11, 2020 the Italian Sports Medicine Federation (FMSI) updated the recommendations for the return play of non-professional athletes. The purpose of this article is to analyze and deepen the contents of the new FMSI recommendations, integrating and comparing them with the previous ones. Further updates may occur if new scientific and epidemiological evidence will rise regarding COVID-19.

[COVID-19: a gendered disease? Possible interpretations and knowledge limitations]. / COVID-19: un'infezione gender-related? Possibili interpretazioni e limiti delle conoscenze.

Several important gender differences in susceptibility, clinical manifestation and response to treatments for a number of diseases are known since a long time, although they continue to be underestimated by a multiplicity of operators, especially men. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has provided a further evidence of the importance of gender medicine. The epidemiological analysis of COVID-19 data has highlighted the presence of multiple and important gender differences, with more unfavourable scenarios for the male gender. The mechanisms underlying these gender differences are varied (including socio-behavioral, immune and viral factors) and not yet fully clarified. A gender-based approach to clinical practice also in the context of this pandemic seems to be mandatory, as it could significantly contribute to health promotion by improving the effectiveness of diagnostic and/or therapeutic approaches and, therefore, leading to important benefits primarily for the patients but also for the sustainability of the National Health System.

[Return to sport after the COVID-19 pandemic. How to behave?] / Ripresa dell'attività sportiva in seguito a pandemia COVID-19. Come comportarsi?

Italy, and all the world, has recently faced the arduous battle against the spread of a new coronavirus: SARS-CoV-2. This unexpected pandemic dramatically upended all areas of life, leading to a profound change in priorities, both in the medical as well as the social-economic field; and sports is no exception. Not surprisingly, the COVID-19 pandemic also walloped the world of sports. Every aspect of sports has been affected, leading professional and amateur leagues to stop their activities, in order to limit the spread of the virus, a painful but mandatory choice. Even the most popular sports in the world had to deal with the massive global threat of SARS-CoV-2. The Italian Sports Medical Federation (FMSI) has recently drawn up a protocol to be implemented when teams will receive from the authorities the permission to return to competitive activities. The purpose of this paper is to deepen the FMSI indications and allow wider dissemination and understanding.

Hypertension and Pharmacological Therapy in Women.

Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for women all over the world. The role and weight of risk factors in relation to gender are not completely clarified as well as their treatment. Pathophysiology of hypertension in woman presents different aspects in relation to phase of life, with an impact on treatment. The only certainties that we have nowadays regarding hypertension therapy in women are really few and may be summarized in: how to treat or, better, what not to use in hypertension in pregnancy and how to treat acute severe hypertension in pregnancy. We have some certainties also on treatment of hypertension associated to some women's comorbidities. Considering guidelines and analyzing what happens in the real world, we report in this review that women have similar major CV risk factors of men, although a minor CV global risk. However, there are some data that suggest that hypertension and diabetes are more important risk factors in women than in men. Blood pressure reduction and benefit by treatment appear similar in women and men, suggesting that we should aim for similar target of blood pressure, although the lower global risk profile should imply different target. Theoretically, recommended drugs are similar in women and men, but in women we must take in account CV risk profile, comorbidity, side effects, and reproductive health. Finally, registries and observational studies show that fewer women reach the target values of blood pressure and that women receive more frequently prescription of "other" classes of drugs than those recommended by guidelines, even after normalization by age and comorbidities.