Side switch frequency while masticating different chewing materials, and its relationship with other masticatory behaviors and sensory perceptions.

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aimed to establish normative values for masticatory side switch (MSS) frequency in young Mexican adults and to assess the relationship between various indices and MSS frequency when masticating different chewing materials. DESIGN: We enrolled 101 dentate adults and performed four masticatory assays that involved masticating different chewing materials (i.e., two-colored chewing gum, sweet cracker, salty cracker, and bread). Participants were asked to eat and swallow these foods and to chew the gum for 40 cycles and the following indices were determined: MSS index (MSSI), unilateral chewing index, chewing cycle duration, and number of cycles before terminal swallowing. The participants then rated perceived flavor intensity, salivary flow, and muscle fatigue during each trial. RESULTS: The MSSI ranged from 0.03-0.06 (10th percentile) to 0.48-0.54 (90th percentile). A repeated-measures general linear model revealed a mean MSSI value of 0.28 (95 %CI, 0.25-0.30) adjusted by several factors. Male sex, soft food, and the last chewing period were associated with lower MSS frequency. Spearman's test showed a high correlation for the MSSI among the different foods. MSSI correlated negatively with the unilateral chewing index for each chewing material and with number of cycles for the sweet cracker. However, no significant correlation was detected between MSSI and sensory perception. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy dentate individuals, the mean MSS relative frequency is 25-30 % with an 80-central percentile of 5-50 % of the maximum possible side changes. Lower MSS frequencies were detected in men, when chewing soft food, and during the final chewing period.

Combined Use of a Bacterial Consortium and Early-Colonizing Plants as a Treatment for Soil Recovery after Fire: A Model Based on Los Guájares (Granada, Spain) Wildfire.

During 2022, intense heat waves, together with particularly extreme dry conditions, created a propitious scenario for wildfires, resulting in the area of vegetation consumed in Europe doubling. Mediterranean countries have been particularly affected, reaching 293,155 hectares in Spain, the worst data in the last 15 years. The effects on the vegetation and the soil are devastating, so knowing the recovery factors is essential for after-fire management. Resilient microorganisms play a fundamental role in rapid nutrient recycling, soil structure, and plant colonization in fire-affected soils. In this present work, we have studied emergent microbial communities in the case of the Los Guájares (Granada, Spain) fire, one of the most extensive of the year, to evaluate their role in the recovery of soil and vegetation cover. We aim to discern which are the main actors in order to formulate a new treatment that helps in the ecosystem recovery. Thus, we have found the relevant loss in phosphorous and potassium solubilizers, as well as siderophores or biofilm producers. Here, we decided to use the strains Pseudomonas koreensis AC, Peribacillus frigoritolerans CB, Pseudomonas fluorescens DC, Paenibacillus lautus C, Bacillus toyonensis CD, and Paenarthrobacter nitroguajacolicus AI as a consortium, as they showed most of the capacities required in a regenerative treatment. On the other hand, the microcosm test showed an enhanced pattern of germination of the emerging model plant, Bituminaria bituminosa, as well as a more aggregated structure for soil. This new approach can create a relevant approach in order to recover fire-affected soils in the future.

The Lambda Variant in Argentina: Analyzing the Evolution and Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage C.37.

The second wave of COVID-19 occurred in South America in early 2021 and was mainly driven by Gamma and Lambda variants. In this study, we aimed to describe the emergence and local genomic diversity of the SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant in Argentina, from its initial entry into the country until its detection ceased. Molecular surveillance was conducted on 9356 samples from Argentina between October 2020 and April 2022, and sequencing, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic analyses were performed. Our findings revealed that the Lambda variant was first detected in Argentina in January 2021 and steadily increased in frequency until it peaked in April 2021, with continued detection throughout the year. Phylodynamic analyses showed that at least 18 introductions of the Lambda variant into the country occurred, with nine of them having evidence of onward local transmission. The spatial--temporal reconstruction showed that Argentine clades were associated with Lambda sequences from Latin America and suggested an initial diversification in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires before spreading to other regions in Argentina. Genetic analyses of genome sequences allowed us to describe the mutational patterns of the Argentine Lambda sequences and detect the emergence of rare mutations in an immunocompromised patient. Our study highlights the importance of genomic surveillance in identifying the introduction and geographical distribution of the SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant, as well as in monitoring the emergence of mutations that could be involved in the evolutionary leaps that characterize variants of concern.

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of rehabilitation area professionals: A systematic review.

Background: The role of the physiotherapist is vital in the recovery of post-COVID-19 patients, but fear of contagion is a possible feeling among healthcare professionals. The objective of this study is to assess the mental health effects that COVID-19 has had on healthcare workers, including rehabilitation care, in times of pandemic. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA format in the Pubmed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases between July and September 2022. Keywords included were "healthcare providers," "COVID-19," "Mental Health," and "Psychological Distress." Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in this review. The study population was healthcare professionals including the rehabilitation services. In total, 4 studies reported exclusively on anxiety and stress levels in physiotherapists providing care during the pandemic. Conclusions: The mental health of healthcare professionals has been compromised during the pandemic. However, initially, research was only focused on physicians and nurses, so the need arises to include those professionals, such as physiotherapists, who are also in direct contact with COVID-19 patients. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=367664, identifier: CRD42022367664.

Cost-Effective Method to Perform SARS-CoV-2 Variant Surveillance: Detection of Alpha, Gamma, Lambda, Delta, Epsilon, and Zeta in Argentina.

SARS-CoV-2 variants with concerning characteristics have emerged since the end of 2020. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants was performed on a total of 4,851 samples from the capital city and 10 provinces of Argentina, during 51 epidemiological weeks (EWs) that covered the end of the first wave and the ongoing second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country (EW 44/2020 to EW 41/2021). The surveillance strategy was mainly based on Sanger sequencing of a Spike coding region that allows the identification of signature mutations associated with variants. In addition, whole-genome sequences were obtained from 637 samples. The main variants found were Gamma and Lambda, and to a lesser extent, Alpha, Zeta, and Epsilon, and more recently, Delta. Whereas, Gamma dominated in different regions of the country, both Gamma and Lambda prevailed in the most populated area, the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires. The lineages that circulated on the first wave were replaced by emergent variants in a term of a few weeks. At the end of the ongoing second wave, Delta began to be detected, replacing Gamma and Lambda. This scenario is consistent with the Latin American variant landscape, so far characterized by a concurrent increase in Delta circulation and a stabilization in the number of cases. The cost-effective surveillance protocol presented here allowed for a rapid response in a resource-limited setting, added information on the expansion of Lambda in South America, and contributed to the implementation of public health measures to control the disease spread in Argentina.

[Deferasirox and Complex Proximal Tubulopathy. Presentation of two clinical cases]. / Deferasirox y Tubulopatía Proximal Compleja. Presentación de dos casos clínicos.

INTRODUCTION: Treatment with iron chelators is essential for patients with iron overload secondary to repeated trans fusions. Deferasirox is the first once-daily oral active iron chelator. As a result, therapeutic adherence has improved, reducing the complications of iron overload, especially heart failure. However, it is not exempt from possible side effects, such as kidney involvement, which is more frequent in children. OBJECTIVE: To report 2 patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) who developed impaired renal function secondary to the administration of Deferasirox. CLINICAL CASES: Case 1. A 15-year-old adolescent diagnosed with DBA undergoing treatment with periodic transfusions and Deferasirox. During an acute gastroenteritis, she developed acute renal failure along with complex proximal tubu- lopathy. Case 2. A 5-year-old boy diagnosed with DBA receiving periodic transfusions and treatment with Deferasirox. He presented polyuria with laboratory abnormalities compatible with acute renal failure and proximal tubular dysfunction. In both cases, they were adequately hydrated and Deferasi rox was temporarily suspended, improving renal function. CONCLUSION: Based on these cases, close monitoring of renal and tubular function, as well as ferritin levels, is recommended in patients recei ving Deferasirox. In the presence of intercurrent processes, adequate hydration should be performed, and an early dose reduction or drug administration interruption should be considered in cases of kidney involvement.

Lupus nephritis in children. / Nefropatía lúpica en pacientes pediátricos.

INTRODUCTION: Lupus nephritis is an early manifestation in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus that worsens the morbidity and mortality of these patients. OBJECTIVE: To study the form of presentation in patients with lupus nephritis, the clinical and immunological characteristics, and their relationship with renal histology. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective study in children under 18 years of age, with lupus nephritis, in follow-up in a third level children's hospital in Madrid, between January 2012 and May 2020. We recorded demographic, clinical, and laboratory data (blood count, renal function, liver function, protein, ionogram, blood glucose, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, coagulation, and urine analysis), as well as immunological data (immunoglobulins, antinuclear antibodies, comple ment, and lupus anticoagulant), and histological classification data. Descriptive analysis and analysis of associations between variables was performed, with a significant p < 0.05. RESULTS: 16 patients (11 women) were included, the median age at presentation was 10.6 ± 2.3 years (5.7-15.3). The median time between symptoms onset and renal involvement was 6.3 months ± 10.5 (range 0 - 33.6). Renal involvement was the initial manifestation in 37.5% of patients. 50% had arthralgias or arthritis prior to diagnosis, and 25% had fever and constitutional symptoms (asthenia, anorexia, and/or weight loss). The most frequent form of renal involvement was microhematuria associated with proteinuria in non-nephrotic range. In the renal anatomo-pathological study, according to the ISN/RPS 2003 classification, grades III (46.6%) and IV (33.3%) predominated. CONCLUSIONS: Six patients presented renal involvement at baseline with musculoskeletal involvement being more frequent. Most patients (86.6%) presented advanced lupus nephritis in the histological study at diagnosis. Immunologic in volvement was the only marker that correlated with systemic involvement.

Curso de capacitación a médicos de familia sobre cuidados biosicosociales a niños con síndrome de Down / Training Course for Family Doctors about Biopsychosocial Cares for Children with Down Syndrome

Introducción: Los niños con síndrome de Down presentan una comorbilidad alta, por lo que se hace necesario mantener un adiestramiento a los médicos de familia para el control y prevención de estas enfermedades. Objetivo: Evaluar un curso de capacitación a médicos de familia sobre los cuidados biopsicosociales a niños con síndrome de Down. Métodos: Se realizó un cuasi experimento a través de un diseño antes-después con un grupo estudio y otro grupo control. En una primera etapa o pretest se aplicó un cuestionario a ambos grupos, después se impartió el curso de capacitación al grupo estudio y en la última etapa o postest se volvió a emplear el mismo cuestionario a los dos grupos y determinar el nivel de conocimiento alcanzado. Resultados: Antes del curso de capacitación, 7 (26,9 por ciento) de médicos de familia del grupo estudio obtuvieron calificación de aceptable; después de recibir el curso aumentó a 22 (84,6 por ciento). La diferencia estándar y la media fue superior en el grupo estudio en relación al grupo control. Conclusiones: Con el curso de capacitación diseñado y aplicado a médicos de familia aumentaron los conocimientos sobre los cuidados biopsicosociales a los niños con síndrome de Down(AU)

Introduction: Children with Down syndrome present high comorbidity, a reason why it is necessary to maintain training for family doctors for the control and prevention of such conditions. Objective: To assess a training course targeted at family doctors about biopsychosocial care for children with Down syndrome. Methods: A quasiexperimental study was carried out using a before-after design with a study group and a control group. In a first stage, or pretest, a questionnaire was applied to both groups. Afterwards, the training course was given to the study group. In the last stage, or post-test, the same questionnaire was used again for the two groups, after which the level of knowledge reached was determined. Results: Before receiving the training course, 7 (26.9 percent) family doctors in the study group obtained an acceptable rating. After receiving the course, it increased to 22 (84.6 percent). The mean and standard difference was higher in the study group compared to the control group. Conclusions: With the training course designed and given to family doctors, the knowledge about biopsychosocial care for children with Down syndrome increased(AU)

Lactancia materna y feminismo: recorrido social y cultural en España / Breastfeeding and feminism: social and cultural journey in Spain / Breastfeeding and feminism: social and cultural journey in Spain

RESUMEN OBJETIVO Analizar la influencia de cambios socio-políticos, educativos y feministas de España en el mantenimiento de lactancia materna. MÉTODO Revisión histórico-descriptiva de documentación en bases de datos, Boletines Oficiales del Estado, del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo y Bienestar Social. RESULTADOS La lactancia materna es un fenómeno complejo influenciado por factores demográficos, biológicos, sociales y psicológicos. Ha cambiado a lo largo de la historia y, evolucionado con los movimientos feministas. La incorporación de la mujer al mercado laboral (s.XIX), produjo una modificación en el rol familiar y pareja. La sociedad del siglo XXI reclama a los poderes públicos la conciliación personal y laboral para la crianza de sus hijos. CONCLUSIONES E IMPLICACIÓN PARA LA PRÁCTICA Han sido múltiples los factores y procesos evolutivos para la situación socio-cultural de la mujer en la lactancia materna. Actualmente sigue siendo complicado compaginar gestación y crianza con el empleo, las redes formales e informales permiten avances en políticas sanitarias.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a influência das mudanças sócio-políticas, educativas e feministas em Espanha na manutenção do aleitamento materno. MÉTODO Revisão histórico-descritiva da documentação em bases de dados, Boletins Oficiais do Estado, do Ministério da Saúde e do Consumo e da Previdência Social. RESULTADOS O aleitamento materno é um fenómeno complexo influenciado por factores demográficos, biológicos, sociais e psicológicos. Ela mudou ao longo da história e evoluiu com os movimentos feministas. A incorporação das mulheres ao mercado de trabalho (século XIX), produziu uma modificação no papel da família e do casal. A sociedade do século XXI exige do poder público a conciliação pessoal e laboral para a educação dos seus filhos. CONCLUSÕES E IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA Tem havido múltiplos factores e processos evolutivos para a situação sociocultural das mulheres em aleitamento materno. Hoje em dia, ainda é complicado combinar gravidez e educação com emprego, e as redes formais e informais permitem avanços nas políticas de saúde.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of socio-political, educational and feminist changes in Spain on the maintenance of breastfeeding. METHOD Historical-descriptive review of documentation in databases, Official State Bulletins, of the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare. RESULTS Breastfeeding is a complex phenomenon influenced by demographic, biological, social and psychological factors. It has changed throughout history and evolved with the feminist movements. The incorporation of women to the labor market (19th century), produced a modification in the family and couple role. The society of the 21st century demands from the public authorities the personal and labor conciliation for the upbringing of their children. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE There have been multiple factors and evolutionary processes for the socio-cultural situation of women in breastfeeding. Nowadays, it is still complicated to combine pregnancy and upbringing with employment, and formal and informal networks allow advances in health policies.

Inorganic and organic characterization of Santa Lucía salt mine peloid for quality evaluations.

Santa Lucía peloid is a sediment used in pelotherapy in Cuban primary health care services. Therefore, in addition to physicochemical regulated parameters, other analyses are required to complement their physicochemical characterization and understand potential element mobility, radiological risk, and toxicity as well as likely bioactive compounds present in Santa Lucía peloid. For these purposes, inorganic and organic elements and compounds were considered to evaluate Santa Lucía peloid's quality. This was accomplished through an integral approach that included (1) determination of physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, temperature, dissolved oxygen, elemental C, H, and N analyses, organic matter, and hexane removable substances content); (2) determination of total concentration of elements with biological and toxicological importance (i.e., Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), as well as their distribution in operationally defined solid phases, mineralogy, particle size distribution, and total content of radionuclides and radiological dose calculations; and (3) its organic characterization. Results from this study showed that Santa Lucía peloid was non-contaminated and showed low metal mobility and acceptable radiological dose levels, being safe for therapeutic uses. Additionally, these results contribute to the understanding of the organic composition of peloides, provide strong evidences to scientifically explain the therapeutic action of peloids in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, and set a new frame to improve peloid guidelines in Cuba and other countries.

Fibrosis quística en niños y su seguimiento durante 40 años 1977-2017) / Cystic Fibrosis in children and its follow up during 40 years (1977-2017)

Introducción: Los enfermos de fibrosis quística tienen mayor supervivencia y calidad de vida en las últimas décadas, debido fundamentalmente a un diagnóstico precoz. Objetivo: Describir las características de los pacientes con fibrosis quística y el seguimiento de los vivos durante 40 años. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo en 96 pacientes diagnosticados con fibrosis quística en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario William Soler (1977-2017). Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas. Se analizaron variables demográficas, temporales, clínicas, genéticas y microbiológicas. Resultados: De la muestra, actualmente se mantienen con seguimiento 27, mayores de 19 años enviados a consulta de neumología 9, fallecieron 30, no se siguen en el centro 30. El 60,4 por ciento se diagnosticó antes del primer año de vida, predominó el sexo masculino 62,5 por ciento y el color de la piel blanco 88,5 por ciento. Sugirió el diagnóstico la forma clínica respiratoria 39,6 por ciento, mixta 38,5 por ciento, digestiva 19,8 por ciento y perdedora de sal 2,1 por ciento. De los 27 casos seguidos actualmente 74,1 por ciento son eutróficos y no hay desnutridos. En el primer aislamiento microbiológico predominó la Pseudomona aeruginosa en el menor de 1 año y el Staphilococcus aureus entre 1 y 4 años. Más del 37.0 por ciento tuvo complicaciones respiratorias, el 14,8 por ciento hepática y el 40,7 por ciento sin complicaciones. La caracterización genética fue mayormente ∆F508 (70,3 por ciento). Conclusiones: Es frecuente el aislamiento de Pseudomona aeruginosa en el menor de 1 año. Casi la mitad de los pacientes no tienen complicaciones, se consiguió mejorar el estado nutricional y disminuir la mortalidad(AU)

Introduction: Patients with cystic fibrosis have had a greater survival and life quality in the last decades; this is due to a precocious diagnostic, a better nutrition state, and diminution of respiratory infections. Objective: To describe the characteristics of cystic fibrosis patients and follow up process to survivors for the last 40 years. Methods: Descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study in 96 patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis in William Soler Pediatric University Hospital (1977-2017). Data was obtained from clinical records. Demographic, temporary, clinical, genetic and microbiological variables were analized. Results: From the sample, 27 patients keep under medical follow up; 9 patients older than 19 years old were remitted to the Neumology consultation; 30 died; and 30 patients are not followed up at the hospital. 60.4 percent of the patients was diagnosed before the first year of life, t was predominant the male sex (62.5 percent) and most of them were white skin (88.5 percent). Diagnosis suggested; the respiratory clinical symptoms, 39.6 percent; mixed, 38.5 percent; digestive symptoms, 19.8 percent; salt lost, 2.1 percent. Out of the 27 cases followed at present, 74.1 percent are eutrophics, and there are not patients with malnutrition. In the first microbiological isolation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevailed in patients under 1-year-old and Staphilococcus aureus in patients between 1 and 4 years old. More than 37.0 percent of patients had respiratory complications, 14.8 percent had hepatic complications, and 40.7 percent had no complications. The genetic characterization was mostly of ∆F508 (59.2 percent). Conclusions: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently in patients under 1-year-old. Almost half of the patients has no complications; and it is improved their nutritional state and mortality decreased(AU)

Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Bacterial Colonization of Surgical Drains with the Use of Chlorhexidine-Coated Dressings After Breast Cancer Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Breast surgery is considered a clean surgery. However, surgical-site infection (SSI) rates are currently higher than predicted. Postoperative drains remain in situ for several days, with inevitable bacterial colonization and increased SSI risk. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial from October 2016 to January 2018 analyzed patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. The patients were randomized to either the standard drain care group or the antiseptic dressing group (3M® Tegaderm® CHG). Drain samples taken on postoperative days (PODs) 7 and 14 were cultured as standardized in the laboratory. Colonization rates and SSI were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The study enrolled 104 patients with 167 surgical drains. The patients' clinical characteristics were similar in the two groups, with no statistically significant differences. Bulb fluid cultures at postoperative week (POW) 1 were positive for 42.9% of the control group and 28.9% of the antiseptic group (p = 0.06). Cultures from the POW 2 assessment were positive for 79.7% of the control group versus 54.9% of the antiseptic group (p = 0.001). Cultures from drain tubes were positive for 79.8% of the control group and 50.7% of the antiseptic group (p = < 0.001). In 11 patients, an SSI developed, 3 (5.8%) from the intervention and 8 (15.4%) from the control procedure (p = 0.11). CONCLUSION: The study findings demonstrated that the use of antiseptics at the drain exit site significantly reduced bacterial colonization of the closed drainage system in breast cancer surgery. Semi-permeable occlusive chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings provide an opportunity to test simple, safe, and low-cost interventions that may reduce drain bacterial colonization and SSI after breast surgery.

Ondas de choque extracorpórea en el tratamiento de la bursitis trocantérica / Extracorporeal shock waves in the treatment of trochanteric bursitis

RESUMEN Introducción: La terapia con ondas de choque son ondas acústicas presentes en situaciones diarias. Es un método que se emplea en la actualidad para tratar la bursitis trocantérica. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la terapia con ondas de choque en el tratamiento de la bursitis trocantérica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con 46 pacientes diagnosticados con bursitis trocantérica, los cuales fueron tratados con el equipo Piezolith-3000 (ondas de choque extracorpóreas) en el Complejo Científico Ortopédico Internacional "Frank País", en el periodo comprendido entre marzo de 2014 y abril de 2018. Se realizó el análisis de las variables (edad, sexo, dolor y escala de Harris). Se obtuvieron las frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y con ellas se confeccionaron las tablas y gráficos que resumen la información estadística de la investigación. Resultados: Hubo predominio del sexo femenino (86,9 por ciento) y del grupo etario de 46 - 55 años (50 por ciento). Todos los pacientes presentaban dolor antes de la aplicación de las ondas de choque. Luego del tratamiento esta situación se revirtió y 69,5 por ciento de los enfermos dejaron de sentirlo. Según la escala de Harris, 50 por ciento de los pacientes estudiados tuvo una interpretación cualitativa de pobre (<70 puntos) antes de iniciar el tratamiento; posteriormente, solo 8,6 por ciento permanecieron con esa puntuación. Conclusiones: La terapia con las ondas de choque es una técnica no invasiva, segura y eficaz. Posibilitó una rápida recuperación de los pacientes atendidos y su incorporación a las actividades diarias(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Shock wave therapy is acoustic waves present in daily situations. This method is currently used to treat trochanteric bursitis. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of shockwave therapy in the treatment of trochanteric bursitis. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 46 patients diagnosed with trochanteric bursitis. They were treated with Piezolith-3000 equipment (extracorporeal shock waves) at Frank País International Orthopedic Scientific Complex, from March 2014 to April 2018. The analysis of the variables (age, sex, pain and Harris scale) was performed. The absolute and relative frequencies were obtained. Tables and graphs were prepared to summarize the statistical information of the investigation. Results: There was a predominance of the female sex (86.9 percent) and the age group of 46-55 years (50 percent). All patients had pain before receiving shock waves. After treatment this situation was reversed; the pain stopped in 69.5 percent of the patients. According to Harris scale, 50 percent of the patients studied had a poor qualitative interpretation (<70 points) before starting treatment; subsequently, only 8.6 percent remained at that score. Conclusions: Shockwave therapy is a non-invasive, safe and effective technique. It enabled a rapid recovery of patients and their return into daily activities(AU)

RÉSUMÉ Introduction: Les ondes de choc extracorporelles sont des ondes acoustiques présentes dans des situations de la vie quotidienne. C'est une technique actuellement utilisée pour traiter la bursite trochantérienne. Objectif: Évaluer l'efficacité de la thérapie par ondes de choc dans le traitement de la bursite trochantérienne. Méthodes: Une étude transversale descriptive de 46 patients diagnostiqués de bursite trochantérienne, et traités par ondes de choc extracorporelles à l'aide de l'appareil Piezolith-3000, a été réalisée dans le Complexe scientifique international d'orthopédie « Frank Pais¼, pendant la période de mars 2014 et avril 2018. On a effectué une analyse des variables (âge, sexe, douleur, score de Harris). On a obtenu les fréquences absolues et relatives, et grâce à elles, on a élaboré les tableaux et graphiques abrégeant l'information statistique de la recherche. Résultats: Le sexe féminin (86.9 pourcent) et la tranche d'âge de 46-55 ans (50 pourcent ) ont prédominé. Tous les patients soufraient de douleur avant l'application des ondes de choc. Après le traitement, cette situation s'est inversée, et 69.5 pourcent des malades ont cessé de la ressentir. D'après le score de Harris, les résultats obtenus dans 50 pourcent des patients ont été considérés comme mauvais (<70 points) avant le commencement du traitement ; puis après, seulement 8.6 pourcent des patients ont conservé cette évaluation. Conclusions: La thérapie par ondes de choc extracorporelles est donc une technique non invasive, fiable et efficace. Elle a permis la récupération des patients et leur retour aux activités de la vie quotidienne(AU)

Programa rehabilitador en la artroplastia total de rodilla / Rehabilitation program in total knee arthroplasty

RESUMEN Introducción: La artroplastia total de rodilla constituye actualmente un procedimiento quirúrgico bastante empleado. La fisioterapia es fundamental en el tratamiento para conseguir una mayor funcionalidad de la articulación sustituida. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del tratamiento rehabilitador pre- y posquirúrgico en pacientes sometidos a una artroplastia total de rodilla. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con 87 pacientes sometidos a una artroplastia total de rodilla, en el Complejo Científico Ortopédico Internacional "Frank País", de enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2017. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, dolor, función, comportamiento de la deformidad de flexión y de la estabilidad, y cumplimiento del tratamiento rehabilitador pre- y posquirúrgico. Se empleó en el procesamiento de la información la estadística descriptiva (frecuencia absoluta y relativa). También se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central (media, mediana) y de dispersión (desviación estándar). Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino y el grupo etario > 60 años. Todos los pacientes refirieron dolor antes de la intervención quirúrgica. En el posoperatorio 79,3 por ciento de los enfermos estaban sin dolor, según la escala analógica visual (EVA). Antes de la intervención, caminaban menos de 100 metros 52,9 por ciento, después de la terapia posoperatoria todos los pacientes pudieron caminar. Hubo predominio de pacientes con una respuesta buena a la terapia rehabilitadora después de realizado el programa pre- y posoperatorio (71,26 por ciento). Conclusiones: El tratamiento rehabilitador pre- y posquirúrgico en pacientes sometidos a la artroplastia total de rodilla posibilitó una mejor utilización de la articulación, eliminó el dolor e incrementó la fuerza muscular(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty is currently a fairly widely used surgical procedure. Physiotherapy is essential in the treatment to achieve greater functionality of the substituted joint. Objective: To evaluate the effect of rehabilitation treatment before and after surgery in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 87 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty at Frank País International Orthopedic Scientific Complex, from January 2015 to December 2017. The variables analyzed were age, sex, pain, function, behavior of flexion deformity and stability, and compliance with rehabilitation treatment before and after surgery. Descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency) were used in the information processing. Measures of central tendency (mean, median) and dispersion (standard deviation) were also used. Results: Female sex and age group > 60 years predominated. All patients reported pain before surgery. During post-surgery period, 79.3 percent of the patients were painless, according to the visual analogue scale (VAS). Before surgery, 52.9 percent walked less than 100 meters, after the post-surgery therapy all patients were able to walk. There was a predominance of patients with good response to rehabilitative therapy after rehabilitation treatment before and after surgery (71.26 percent). Conclusions: Rehabilitation treatment before and after surgery in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty allowed better use of the joint, eliminating pain and increasing muscle strength(AU)

Introduction: L'arthroplastie totale de genou constitue aujourd'hui une technique chirurgicale fréquemment utilisée. La kinésithérapie est essentielle dans ce traitement pour améliorer la fonction de l'articulation remplacée. Objectif: Évaluer l'effet du traitement de rééducation pré et postopératoire chez des patients traités par arthroplastie totale de genou. Méthodes: Une étude transversale descriptive de 87 patients traités par arthroplastie totale de genou a été réalisée dans le Complexe scientifique internationale d'orthopédie «Frank Pais¼, depuis janvier 2015 jusqu'à décembre 2017. Parmi les variables examinées, on peut trouver l'âge, le sexe, la douleur, le comportement de la déformation de la flexion et la stabilité, et l'adhésion au traitement de rééducation pré et postopératoire. Pour le traitement de l'information, on a utilisé la statistique descriptive (fréquence absolue et relative). On a également utilisé des mesures de tendance centrale (moyenne, médiane) et de dispersion (écart-type). Résultats: Le sexe féminin et la tranche d'âge >60 ans ont été en prédominance. Tous les patients ont déclaré une douleur avant l'intervention chirurgicale. D'après l'échelle visuelle analogique (EVA), 79.3 pourcent des malades étaient sans douleur en postopératoire. Avant l'intervention, seulement 52.9 pourcent des patients marchaient moins de 100 mètres, et après la thérapie postopératoire tous les patients ont pu marcher. La plupart de patients ont eu une bonne réponse à la thérapie de rééducation après le programme pré et postopératoire (71.26 pourcent). Conclusions: Le traitement de rééducation pré et postopératoire chez des patients traités par arthroplastie totale de genou a permis d'améliorer la fonction de l'articulation, de diminuer la douleur, et d'augmenter la force musculaire(AU) .

Stage I-III colon cancer patients with tumor deposits behave similarly to stage IV patients. Cross-section analysis of 392 patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tumor deposits (TDs) are associated with adverse prognostic factors and decreased survival in colorectal cancer. However, controversy exists regarding their definition, evaluation, and staging categories. This study aimed to determine the survival and recurrence impact of the TD in colon adenocarcinomas; and to determine if TD patients behave similarly to stage IV patients. METHODS: Cross-section study from 392 patients with colon adenocarcinoma from 2005 to 2012. We performed survival analysis and further stratified patients considering TD patients as a "stage IV-TD" to demonstrate if they behave similarly than stage IV patients. RESULTS: From 392 patients, 204 (52%) were men, the mean age was 57.4 ± 13.9 years and 11.5% of cases had TD. In a multivariate analysis, TD failed to predict mortality and recurrence. Considering cases with TD as stage IV-TD, their mean survival was similar to stage IV patients (69.3 and 64.6 months, respectively) and different to those in stage III (110.5 months), II (135.7 months), and I (114.9 months) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: TD failed to predict mortality and recurrence. Patients with TD in stage I-III shows similar mortality than stage IV patients; then, we suggest putting them into a substage IV category instead of the N1c category.

Diabetic encephalopathy: beneficial effects of supplementation with fatty acids ω3 and nordihydroguaiaretic acid in a spontaneous diabetes rat model.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic encephalopathy is a chronic complications of diabetes mellitus that affects the central nervous system. We evaluated the effect of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation plus the antioxidant agent nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on the etiopathology of diabetic encephalopathy in eSS rats, a spontaneous model of type 2 diabetes. METHODS: One hundred twenty spontaneous diabetic eSS male rats and 38 non-diabetic Wistar, used as healthy control, received monthly by intraperitoneal route, ω3 or ω6 PUFA (6.25 mg/kg) alone or plus NDGA (1.19 mg/kg) for 12 months. Diabetic rats had a worse performance in behavioural Hole-Board test. Histopathological analysis confirmed lesions in diabetic rats brain tissues. We also detected low expression of synaptophysin, a protein linked to release of neurotransmitters, by immunohistochemically techniques in eSS rats brain. Biochemical and histopathological studies of brain were performed at 12th month. Biochemical analysis showed altered parameters related to metabolism. High levels of markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were detected in plasma and brain tissues. Data were analysed by ANOVA test and paired t test was used by comparison of measurements of the same parameter at different times. RESULTS: The data obtained in this work showed that behavioural, biochemical and morphological alterations observed in eSS rats are compatible with previously reported indices in diabetic encephalopathy and are associated with increased glucolipotoxicity, chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress burden. Experimental treatments assayed modulated the values of studied parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The treatments tested with ω3 or ω3 plus NDGA showed improvement in the values of the studied parameters in eSS diabetic rats. These observations may form the basis to help in prevent and manage the diabetic encephalopathy.

Obesity and Preeclampsia: Common Pathophysiological Mechanisms.

Preeclampsia is a disorder specific of the human being that appears after 20 weeks of pregnancy, characterized by new onset of hypertension and proteinuria. Abnormal placentation and reduced placental perfusion associated to impaired trophoblast invasion and alteration in the compliance of uterine spiral arteries are the early pathological findings that are present before the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia. Later on, the endothelial and vascular dysfunction responsible of the characteristic vasoconstriction of preeclampsia appear. Different nutritional risk factors such as a maternal deficit in the intake of calcium, protein, vitamins and essential fatty acids, have been shown to play a role in the genesis of preeclampsia, but also an excess of weight gain during pregnancy or a pre-pregnancy state of obesity and overweight, which are associated to hyperinsulinism, insulin resistance and maternal systemic inflammation, are proposed as one of the mechanism that conduce to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, proteinuria, thrombotic responses, multi-organ damage, and high maternal mortality and morbidity. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that pregnant women that suffer preeclampsia will have an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease and related mortality in their later life. In this article we will discuss the results of studies performed in different populations that have shown an interrelationship between obesity and overweight with the presence of preeclampsia. Moreover, we will review some of the common mechanisms that explain this interrelationship, particularly the alterations in the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway as a crucial mechanism that is common to obesity, preeclampsia and cardiovascular diseases.

Tissue tropism of Saint Louis encephalitis virus: Histopathology triggered by epidemic and non-epidemic strains isolated in Argentina.

Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) reemerged in South America, and caused encephalitis outbreaks at the beginning of the 21st century. To enhance our knowledge about SLEV virulence, we performed comparative pathogenesis studies in Swiss albino mice inoculated with two different variants, the epidemic strain CbaAr-4005 and the non-epidemic strain CorAn-9275. Only the infection of mice with SLEV strain CbaAr-4005 resulted in high viremia, invasion of peripheral tissues including the lungs, kidney, and spleen, and viral neuroinvasion. This was associated with inflammatory pathology in the lungs, spleen, and brain as well as morbidity and mortality. In contrast, neither signs of desease nor viral replication were observed in mice infected with strain CorAn-9275. Interestingly, important loss of B cells and development of altered germinal centers (GC) were detected in the spleen of mice infected with strain CbaAr-4005, whereas mice infected with SLEV CorAn-9275 developed prominent GC with conserved follicular architecture, and neutralizing antibodies.

Neumonía como forma de presentación de la tuberculosis pulmonar / Pneumonia as a form of presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis

Introducción: la tuberculosis pulmonar es un flagelo que continúa afectando a la población en general, y con gran repercusión en la población infantil a nivel mundial y regional. Considerada desde hace varias décadas como una enfermedad en reemergencia, debe ser reconocida -lo más tempranamente posible- por los trabajadores de la salud, y sobre todo, por el personal médico.Presentación del caso: se presenta el caso de un paciente de 14 años de edad, del sexo masculino, que presentaba sintomatología respiratoria de más de dos meses de evolución, e ingresó en un servicio de enfermedades respiratorias con el diagnóstico de neumonía complicada. En el interrogatorio se recogen datos de interés, se supieron las condiciones socioambientales del paciente, y que un familiar conviviente con el niño había evadido el control ambulatorio al haber sido diagnosticado de tuberculosis pulmonar, por lo que no concluyó tratamiento. Se exponen los principales resultados de los complementarios (incluyendo prueba de Mantoux positiva), evolución de las radiografías de tórax y tratamiento antituberculoso aprobado con el servicio de Infectología y el Centro Nacional de Referencia de Tuberculosis Infantil.Conclusiones: es importante una historia clínica epidemiológica detallada en todo paciente con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad(AU)

Seasonal dynamics of extremely halophilic microbial communities in three Argentinian salterns.

Seasonal sampling was carried out at three Argentinian salterns, Salitral Negro (SN), Colorada Grande (CG) and Guatraché (G), to analyze abiotic parameters and microbial diversity and dynamics. Microbial assemblages were correlated to environmental factors by statistical analyses. Principal component analysis of the environmental data grouped SN and CG samples separately from G samples owing to G's higher pH values and sulfate concentration. Differences in microbial assemblages were also found. Many archaeal sequences belonged to uncultured members of Haloquadratum and Haloquadratum-related genera, with different environmental optima. Notably, nearly half of the archaeal sequences were affiliated to the recently described 'Candidatus Haloredividus' (phylum Nanohaloarchaeota), not previously detected in salt-saturated environments. Most bacterial sequences belonged to Salinibacter representatives, while sequences affiliated to the recently described genus Spiribacter were also found. Seasonal analysis showed at least 40% of the microbiota from the three salterns was prevalent through the year, indicating they are well adapted to environmental fluctuations. On the other hand, a minority of archaeal and bacterial sequences were found to be seasonally distributed. Five viral morphotypes and also eukaryal predators were detected, suggesting different mechanisms for controlling prokaryotic numbers. Notably, Guatraché was the saltern that harbored the highest virus-to-cell ratios reported to date for hypersaline environments.