Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Tobacco Use/epidemiology , Tobacco Use/legislation & jurisprudence , Smoking Prevention , Tobacco Use Disorder , Jurisprudence , Therapeutics , Spain , Nicotiana , Health Programs and PlansABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Smoking at the time of surgery is associated with postoperative complications. Quitting smoking before surgery is linked to fewer complications during the hospital stay. This work analysed whether a smoking cessation intervention before surgery is economically worthwhile when funded by the National Health System (NHS) in Spain. METHODS: The economic analysis considered costs and benefits of the intervention to the NHS for the year 2016. The population who would benefit comprised adult smokers who were ready to quit and for whom surgery requiring admission to hospital was planned. The intervention, a combination of medical counselling and use of a smoking cessation drug which should occur 12 weeks before surgery, considered one attempt only to quit smoking. Benefits were costs avoided by averting postoperative complications if cessation was successful. The analysis compared the net economic outcome (benefit minus cost of intervention) and the return on investment, for intervention funded by the NHS versus the current situation without funding. RESULTS: Smoking cessation increased by 21·7 per cent with funding; the rate was 32·5 per cent when funded versus 10·7 per cent without funding, producing 9611 extra quitters. The cost per averted smoker was 1753 with a benefit of 503, achieving a net economic benefit of 4·8 million per year. Given the annual cost of the intervention (17·4 million, of which 5·6 million (32·5 per cent) represents drugs), the return on investment was 28·7 per cent annually, equivalent to 1·29 per 1 of investment. CONCLUSION: From the perspective of the Spanish NHS, the benefit of funding smoking cessation before surgery, in terms of healthcare cost savings, appears to greatly outweigh the costs.
ANTECEDENTES: Ser fumador activo hasta el momento de la cirugía se asocia con complicaciones postoperatorias. Se ha descrito una disminución de las complicaciones durante la hospitalización al abandonar el hábito de fumar antes de la cirugía. Este trabajo analizó si una intervención preoperatoria para dejar de fumar es económicamente beneficiosa cuando se financia por el Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) en España. MÉTODOS: En el análisis económico se consideraron tantos los costes como los beneficios de la intervención para el SNS, en euros, correspondientes al año 2016. La población que se beneficiaría eran fumadores adultos dispuestos a dejar de fumar, en los que se programase una intervención quirúrgica con hospitalización. La intervención, una combinación de asesoramiento médico y tratamiento farmacológico para dejar de fumar, se llevó a cabo a las 12 semanas antes de la cirugía, considerando únicamente un intento para dejar de fumar. Los beneficios fueron los costes evitados por una reducción en la tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias en los casos en los que se hubiese conseguido la eliminación del hábito. El análisis comparó el resultado económico neto (beneficio menos coste de la intervención) y el retorno de la inversión (return on investment, ROI), cuando la intervención era financiada por el SNS en comparación con la situación actual sin financiamiento público. RESULTADOS: La tasa de abandono del hábito tabáquico aumentó en un 21,8%; 32,5% cuando se financiaba frente al 10,7% sin financiación, consiguiendo un extra de 9.611 personas que dejaron de fumar. El coste por fumador rescatado fue de 1753 con un beneficio de 503, por lo que el beneficio económico neto conseguido fue de 4,8 millones por año. Dado que el coste anual de la intervención (17,4 millones, de los cuales 5,6 millones corresponden a fármacos (32%)), el ROI anual fue del 28,7% con un beneficio de 1,29 por cada 1 de inversión. CONCLUSIÓN: Desde la perspectiva del SNS español, los beneficios de financiar el abandono del hábito de fumar en el preoperatorio de los pacientes, en términos de ahorro de costes parecen ser muy superiores a los costes de la intervención.
Subject(s)
Cost-Benefit Analysis , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Preoperative Care/economics , Smoking Cessation/economics , Smoking/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/economics , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Preoperative Care/methods , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/economics , Smoking Cessation/methods , Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Spain , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Postpartum Period , Pregnancy , Pregnancy/immunology , Environmental Exposure/prevention & control , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control , Bias , Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects , Inhalation Exposure/prevention & control , Cohort StudiesABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Prevention/methods , Hospitals/standards , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Nicotine/therapeutic use , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical dataSubject(s)
Hospital Units/organization & administration , Smoking Cessation , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , SpainABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Tobacco Use Cessation , Spain , Guidelines as Topic , Hospital UnitsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and microbiological characteristics as well as clinical course and response to treatment of patients with lung disease due to Mycobacterium kansasii. METHODS: All cases of lung disease caused by M. kansasii diagnosed between 1993 and 1998 in Santa Marina Hospital in Bilbao (Spain) were reviewed. RESULTS: The nurse identified 39 cases of lung disease caused by M. kansasii. The incidence in our practice is growing. Most patients were men (97.4%). Mean patient age was 55.9 years. Relevant features of patients' case histories were lung tuberculosis (38.4%), chronic airflow limitation (28.2%) and smoking (87%). Most patients lived in urban settings (94.8%). The most frequent symptoms were cough (87%) and general malaise (72%). Hemoptysis occurred in 31%. Chest images showed mainly a localized alveolar pattern (69%). Cavitation was present in 76.9%. Bacilli were observed in 76.9%. Antibiograms (for 30 cases) showed resistance to the following drugs: rifampicin 3.3%, isoniazid (1 microgram/ml 10%, isoniazid (0.2 microgram/ml 100%, ethambutol 6.6%, streptomycin 90%, pyrazinamide 90%. Eight patients (22% of 36) died; all had severe associated disease. In 33% of the 21 patients with cavitation, closure was not achieved according to follow-up images. Follow-up microbiological tests revealed one case (2.7% of 36 patients) of treatment failure and four cases (15.3% of 26 patients) of relapse. CONCLUSIONS: The number of patients with lung disease due to M. kansasii has increased significantly in recent years in our hospital. The mortality rate in these patients was high, but we believe it is explained by the severity of associated disease. The 15.3% rate of relapse calls for long-term follow-up of such patients.
