ABSTRACT
Background: Recent studies have shed light on the potential role of gut dysbiosis in shaping traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes. Changes in the levels and types of Lactobacillus bacteria present might impact the immune system disturbances, neuroinflammatory responses, anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, and compromised neuroprotection mechanisms triggered by TBI. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a daily pan-probiotic (PP) mixture in drinking water containing strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. reuteri, L. helveticus, L. fermentum, L. rhamnosus, L. gasseri, and L. casei, administered for either two or seven weeks before inducing TBI on both male and female mice. Methods: Mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis was performed for metabolite measurements. The taxonomic profiles of murine fecal samples were evaluated using 16S rRNA V1-V3 sequencing analysis. Histological analyses were used to assess neuroinflammation and gut changes post-TBI, while behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate sensorimotor and cognitive functions. Results: Our findings suggest that PP administration modulates the diversity and composition of the microbiome and increases the levels of SCFAs in a sex-dependent manner. We also observed a reduction of lesion volume, cell death, and microglial and macrophage activation after PP treatment following TBI in male mice. Furthermore, PP-treated mice show motor function improvements and decreases in anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PP administration can mitigate neuroinflammation and ameliorate motor and anxiety and depressive-like behavior deficits following TBI. These results underscore the potential of probiotic interventions as a viable therapeutic strategy to address TBI-induced impairments, emphasizing the need for gender-specific treatment approaches.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There are more than 30 peanut cultivars registered in Brazil. However, there are no published data about the content of nutrients and antinutrients even in the most commercially important ones. Therefore, our objective was to characterize commercial peanut cultivars harvested in Brazil by determining proximate and fatty acid composition and content of selected minerals and phytates, saponins and condensed tannins. RESULTS: Significant variations were found among the cultivars for almost all studied nutrients, except Mg. Granoleico and IAC 505 were identified as high oleic. Results were compared with data from the Brazilian Food Composition Table (TACO) and, for this, percentage differences (D%) were calculated. Appreciable D% were found for proteins, lipids, ash, dietary fiber, almost all fatty acids (except 20:0) and almost all studied minerals (except zinc). Moreover, remarkable variations in content of antinutrients were observed. IAC Red Tatu had the highest content of saponins; IAC OL3 and IAC 886 had the highest amounts of phytates; and IAC 886 had the highest amounts of condensed tannins. CONCLUSION: Results confirm the relevance of differentiating cultivars in the market and in national food composition tables and databases. Furthermore, some of these cultivars may be indicated for new use trends. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject(s)
Arachis/chemistry , Seeds/chemistry , Arachis/classification , Arachis/growth & development , Brazil , Dietary Fiber/analysis , Fatty Acids/analysis , Minerals/analysis , Nutrients/analysis , Nutritive Value , Phytic Acid/analysis , Plant Proteins/analysis , Seeds/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Latin America has shown a significant reduction in infant mortality in recent years. The objective of this study was to analyze official data for children under five years of age in Colombia, emphasizing external causes of death, which have been less studied. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive cross-sectional design using secondary information from death records reported by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and information dynamic tables of vital statistics, taken from the official information system of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection (SISPRO), between 2005 and 2013 were reviewed. The information was organized in tables for descriptive analysis of variables such as age, sex, and specific cause of death, by departments. RESULTS: In this period 106,339 children under 5 years died; 85,897 of them (81%) in the first year of life. The number of deaths decreased from 14.266 in 2005, to 9.499 in 2013. The main external cause of death was drowning, responsible for 1749 deaths, followed by traffic accidents, 1.282. Homicides were responsible for 692 deaths. In all the causes of death analyzed there was a decline over the decade. DISCUSSION: Colombia is accomplishing the fourth millennium goal, reduce the mortality of children under 5 years. Progress has been made in deaths from external causes, but there is still some way to go.
Subject(s)
Cause of Death/trends , Child Mortality/trends , Infant Mortality/trends , Child, Preschool , Colombia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , MaleABSTRACT
Latinoamérica ha mostrado una reducción importante de la mortalidad infantil en los últimos años. El objetivo del estudio buscó analizar los datos oficiales correspondientes a niños menores de cinco años en Colombia, haciendo énfasis en las causas externas de muerte, que han sido menos estudiadas. Pacientes y Método: Diseño descriptivo y transversal que utilizó información secundaria proveniente de los registros de defunción reportados por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) y las tablas dinámicas de información de estadísticas vitales del sistema oficial de información del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social (SISPRO), entre los años 2005 y 2013. La información se organizó en tablas para el análisis descriptivo de variables como edad, sexo, y causa específica de muerte, por departamentos del país. Resultados: En este período fallecieron 106.339 niños menores de 5 años; 85.897 de ellos (81%) en el primer año de vida. De 14.266 niños fallecidos en 2005, se pasó a 9.499 en 2013. Entre las causas externas de muerte, la primera es ahogamiento, responsable de 1.749 fallecimientos, seguida de accidentes de transporte, con 1.282. Los homicidios fueron responsables de 692 muertes. En todas las causas analizadas hubo un descenso durante el decenio. Discusión: Colombia va cumpliendo el cuarto objetivo del milenio, reducir la mortalidad de los niños menores de 5 años. Se ha avanzado en muertes de causa externa, pero todavía hay camino por recorrer.
Latin America has shown a significant reduction in infant mortality in recent years. The objective of this study was to analyze official data for children under five years of age in Colombia, emphasizing external causes of death, which have been less studied. Patients and Method: Descriptive cross-sectional design using secondary information from death records reported by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and information dynamic tables of vital statistics, taken from the official information system of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection (SISPRO), between 2005 and 2013 were reviewed. The information was organized in tables for descriptive analysis of variables such as age, sex, and specific cause of death, by departments. Results: In this period 106,339 children under 5 years died; 85,897 of them (81%) in the first year of life. The number of deaths decreased from 14.266 in 2005, to 9.499 in 2013. The main external cause of death was drowning, responsible for 1749 deaths, followed by traffic accidents, 1.282. Homicides were responsible for 692 deaths. In all the causes of death analyzed there was a decline over the decade. Discussion: Colombia is accomplishing the fourth millennium goal, reduce the mortality of children under 5 years. Progress has been made in deaths from external causes, but there is still some way to go.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Infant Mortality/trends , Cause of Death/trends , Child Mortality/trends , Cross-Sectional Studies , Colombia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Trabajo de investigación realizado en base al diseño e implementación de un protocolo terapéutico de masajes aplicado en 30 pacientes hombres y mujeres de 50 a 75 años de edad con enfermedad de Parkinson. Durante el proceso de investigación el equipo de terapeutas realizó sistemáticamente mediciones para obtener datos concretos de las mejoras en los síntomas de los pacientes. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que, además de lograr una notable mejora en la mayoría de los síntomas, también se evidenció un progreso en la calidad de vida y una significativa mejoría en el estado emocional de los pacientes.
