Preparation and efficacy verification of three-dimensional printed partitioned multi-effect precision-care gel facial mask.

OBJECTIVE: A partition multi-effect precision-care gel facial mask conforming to facial skin characteristics was prepared using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. METHODS: First, the hydrogel matrix and humectant of a 3D-printed gel for facial masks were screened, and three 3D-printed gels of arbutin, hexapeptide, and salicylic acid were prepared with whitening, wrinkle removal, and oil control functions, respectively. Skin irritation tests were performed on the gels. Physicochemical properties such as pH, heat and cold tolerance were evaluated. The efficacy of three 3D-printed gels was assessed by measuring melanin value, wrinkle depression score, and oil secretion. Finally, the facial mask model design and printing parameters were studied, and a partition multi-effect precision-care gel facial mask was printed in line with facial skin characteristics. RESULTS: For the 3D-printed facial mask, the gel prescription with 2% hydroxyethyl cellulose gel as matrix and 7% glycerol as humectant was the best. The prepared 3D-printed gel did not irritate the human skin, and its physicochemical properties met the Chinese facial mask industry standard (QB/T2872-2017). We showed that three types of 3D-printed gels containing arbutin, hexapeptide, and salicylic acid could be applied to the corresponding parts of the face to solve different problems, such as facial skin dullness, wrinkles, and oil secretion. Therefore, according to facial physiological characteristics, the facial mask model was designed for the forehead and nasolabial fold, which needs to be anti-wrinkled; the cheek, which needs to be whitened; and the nose and chin, which need oil control. The optimal printing parameters were 0.26 mm nozzle diameter, 90 mm/s printing speed, 30% filling density, 140% wire extrusion ratio, and 0.25 mm layer height. Different skin care effects can be achieved using a three-nozzle printer to print arbutin, hexapeptide, or salicylic acid gel on the mask's forehead and nasolabial fold, cheek, and nose and chin, respectively. CONCLUSION: The 3D-printed partition multi-effect care gel facial mask prepared according to the skin features of different parts of the face can overcome the problem of the single skincare effect of the mass-produced facial masks.

OBJECTIF: Un masque facial de soin de précision en gel à effets multiples, adapté aux caractéristiques de la peau du visage, a été préparé à l'aide de la technologie d'impression tridimensionnelle (3D). MÉTHODES: Tout d'abord, la matrice d'hydrogel et l'humectant d'un gel imprimé en 3D pour les masques faciaux ont été sélectionnés, et trois gels imprimés en 3D d'arbutine, d'hexapeptide et d'acide salicylique ont été préparés avec des fonctions de blanchiment, d'élimination des rides et de contrôle du sébum, respectivement. Des tests d'irritation cutanée ont été réalisés sur les gels. Les propriétés physicochimiques telles que le pH et la tolérance à la chaleur et au froid ont été évaluées. L'efficacité des trois gels imprimés en 3D a été évaluée en mesurant la valeur de la mélanine, le score de dépression des rides et la sécrétion de sébum. Enfin, la conception du modèle de masque facial et les paramètres d'impression ont été étudiés, et un masque facial de gel de soin de précision à effets multiples a été imprimé en fonction des caractéristiques de la peau du visage. RÉSULTATS: Pour le masque facial imprimé en 3D, la prescription de gel avec 2 % de gel d'hydroxyéthylcellulose comme matrice et 7 % de glycérol comme humectant était la meilleure. Le gel imprimé en 3D n'a pas irrité la peau humaine et ses propriétés physicochimiques sont conformes à la norme industrielle chinoise relative aux masques faciaux (QB/T2872­2017). Nous avons montré que trois types de gels imprimés en 3D contenant de l'arbutine, de l'hexapeptide et de l'acide salicylique pouvaient être appliqués aux parties correspondantes du visage pour résoudre différents problèmes, tels que l'aspect terne de la peau du visage, les rides et la sécrétion de sébum. Par conséquent, en fonction des caractéristiques physiologiques du visage, le modèle de masque facial a été conçu pour le front et le sillon nasogénien, qui doivent être antirides, la joue, qui doit être blanchie, et le nez et le menton, qui ont besoin d'un contrôle du sébum. Les paramètres d'impression optimaux étaient les suivants : diamètre de buse de 0,26 mm, vitesse d'impression de 90 mm/s, densité de remplissage de 30 %, rapport d'extrusion du fil de 140 % et hauteur de couche de 0,25 mm. Différents effets de soin de la peau peuvent être obtenus en utilisant une imprimante à trois buses pour imprimer de l'arbutine, de l'hexapeptide ou du gel d'acide salicylique sur le front et le sillon nasogénien, la joue, le nez et le menton du masque, respectivement. CONCLUSION: Le masque facial en gel de soin à effets multiples imprimé en 3D et préparé en fonction des caractéristiques de la peau des différentes parties du visage peut résoudre le problème de l'effet de soin unique des masques faciaux produits en masse.

Efficacy and safety of electric acupuncture in treatment of intractable facial paralysis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Facial paralysis is a common clinical disease, it was named intractable facial paralysis when the clinical course more than 2 months. Intractable facial paralysis will produce anxiety and depression, which will seriously affect patients' life and work. Electric acupuncture has been widely used in the treatment of intractable facial paralysis. However, the results of clinical studies on the efficacy and safety have been inconsistent. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of electric acupuncture for intractable facial paralysis patients by systematic review and meta-analysis, so as to provide clinical decision-making based on evidence-based medicine. METHODS: The following databases will be searched by electronic methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database, Wan-fang Data and Chinese Biomedical Database. All of them will be retrieved from the establishment date of the electronic database to March 2022, all included studies will be evaluated risk of bias by the Cochrane Handbook. The total effective rate will be the primary outcome. The systematic review will be conducted with the use of the RevMan5.3 software in this study. RESULTS: This study will obtain efficacy and safety of electric acupuncture for the treatment of intractable facial paralysis. DISCUSSION: This study will provide clinical decision-making based on evidence-based medicine that whether electric acupuncture could be used to treat intractable facial paralysis, and when and how it might be more effective and safety. It will help standardize electric acupuncture treatment strategies for intractable facial paralysis. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021278541.

Study for cerebral central network mechanism of acupuncture stimulation quantity based on changes of cerebral functional connection of fMRI.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke is a major chronic noninfectious disease that seriously endangers health. Acupuncture is effective for ischemic stroke and less adverse reactions. However, there is not enough clinical trial data and solid evidence could confirm how acupuncture work to cerebral functional connectivity changes, and whether the changes is related to the different stimulation quantity. DESIGN: This is a multicenter, central-randomized, controlled, double-blind, noninferiority, 2 factors and 3 levels orthogonal clinical trial. A total of 100 participants with ischemic stroke aged from 40 to 80 were randomized into experimental group and control group, the experimental group was divided into 9 groups (A1-A9) according to different factors or levels, and each group have 10 participants. The whole study period is 17 days, including 1 week for baseline observation, 3 days treatment and observation, and 1 week follow-up. Primary outcome is the fMRI based on blood oxygenation level dependent. Secondary outcomes included National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, Modified Barthel Index, Brunnstrom stroke recovery, stroke Chinese medicine symptom. Clinical assessments will be evaluated at before and the 0 hour, 24 hours, 36 hours after treatment, and 1 week follow-up. The primary outcome of the postacupuncture effect were investigated by paired T-test, and the continuous outcome variables will be analyzed with univariate repetitive measurement deviation analysis. Adverse events will be noted and recorded for the safety evaluation. CONCLUSION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the central mechanism of acupuncture stimulation quantity using time and frequency as control conditions. This study will provide reasonable stimulation parameters and strong mechanism evidence of cerebral central network for the use of acupuncture for ischemic stroke. CHICTR REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR1900023169. Registered 15 May 2019.

Self-reinforcement and protein sustained delivery of hyaluronan hydrogel by tailoring a dually cross-linked network.

A series of self-reinforcing hyaluronan hydrogels were developed to improve mechanical properties and protein sustained delivery thanks to a dually cross-linked network. Hyaluronan gel particles (HGPs, 1-5 µm in diameter) with different cross-linking densities, i.e. HGPs-1.5, HGPs-3 and HGPs-15, were prepared in an inverse emulsion system and used as the reinforcing phase after glycidyl methacrylation, while glycidyl methacrylated hyaluronan with a substitution degree of 45.2% was synthesized as the matrix phase. These two phases were cross-linked under ultraviolet irradiation to form self-reinforcing hyaluronan hydrogels (srHAs) that showed typical cross-linked structure of HGPs connecting the matrix phase by cross-section observation. In comparison to hyaluronan bulk gels and their blends with HGPs, srHAs distinctly enhanced the mechanical properties and BSA long-term sustained delivery, especially srHA-1.5 showed the highest compressive modulus of 220±15 kPa and the slowest BSA delivery (67% release at 14 d). The 3T3 fibroblast cell culture showed that all the srHAs had no cytotoxicity.

Hyaluronan microgel as a potential carrier for protein sustained delivery by tailoring the crosslink network.

Hyaluronan (HA) microgels with different crosslink network, i.e. HGPs-1, HGPs-1.5, HGPs-3, HGPs-6 and HGPs-15, were synthesized using divinyl sulfone (DVS) as the crosslinker in an inverse microemulsion system for controlling the sustained delivery of bovine serum albumin (BSA). With increasing the crosslinker content, the average particle size slightly increased from 1.9 ± 0.3 µm to 3.6 ± 0.5 µm by dynamic laser scattering analysis. However, the crosslinker content had no significant effect on the morphology of HA microgels by scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis proved more sulfur participated in the crosslink reaction when raising the crosslinker amount. The water swelling test confirmed the increasing crosslink density with the crosslinker content by calculating the average molecular weight between two crosslink points to be 8.25 ± 2.51 × 10(5), 1.26 ± 0.43 × 10(5), 0.96 ± 0.09 × 10(5), 0.64 ± 0.03 × 10(5), and 0.11 ± 0.01 × 10(5) respectively. The degradation of HA microgels by hyaluronidase slowed down by enhancing the crosslink density, only about 5% of HGPs-15 was degraded as opposed to over 90% for HGPs-1. BSA loading had no obvious influence on the surface morphology of HA microgels but seemed to induce their aggregation. The increase of crosslink density decreased the BSA loading capacity but facilitated its long-term sustained delivery. When the molar ratio of DVS to repeating unit of HA reached 3 or higher, similar delivery profiles were obtained. Among all these HA microgels, HGPs-3 was the optimal carrier for BSA sustained delivery in this system because it possessed both high BSA loading capacity and long-term delivery profile simultaneously.

[Accumulation law of epigoitrin in roots of Isatis indigotica of different breed types].

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution law of epigoitrin in roots of Isatis indigotica of different breed types and provide a scientific basis for screening of high-quality Isatis indigotica breed. METHODS: Determined the contents of epigoitrin in tap root and lateral root of Chinese-cabbage-leaf Isatis, cabbage-leaf Isatis, mustard-leaf Isatis and tetraploid Isatis by HPLC. Also, compared the contents of epigoitin in xylem and phloem of Isatis indigotica. RESULTS: Contents of epigoitrin in the tap root and lateral root of Isatis indigotica of the different breed types were significant different. In four breed types of Isatis indigotica, contents of epigoitrin in the tap root and phloem were higher than those in the lateral root and xylem, respectively. CONCLUSION: Contents of epigoitrin in the lateral root of Isatis indigotica are higher than those of tap root and epigoitrin distributes mainly in phloem.

[Plant traits and quality evaluation of different cultivation forms of Isatis].

OBJECTIVE: To lay a foundation for the study on good variety selection of Isatis indigotica, comparison of plant traits and quality evaluation of Isatis germplasm resources from different production area was conducted. METHOD: Field cultivation and randomized block experiment were adopted to compare those plant traits of leaf, root, silique and seed of Isatis from different production area and the content of R,S-goitrin and polysaccharide in the root was determined. RESULT: Different cultivation forms of Isatis had significant difference from each other in leaf, root, silique and seed, content of R,S-goitrin and polysaccharide in the root were also different. R,S-goitrin content in Isatis of Chinese cabbage leaf type ( production area: Yunnan ) was comparative higher, 0.59% , while polysaccharide content in autotetraploid Isatis was comparative higher, 8.68%. CONCLUSION: According to the plant traits, Isatis were classified into three types: Chinese cabbage leaf type, cabbage leaf type and mustard leaf type, of which R,S-goitrin content in Chinese cabbage leaf type (production area: Yunnan) was comparative higher, while polysaccharide content in autotetraploid Isatis was comparative higher.

[Pilot observation on the effect of integrated control measures against clonorchiasis in Pengjiang District of Jiangmen City].

From June to December in 2008, five villages were randomly chosen from Pengjiang District of Jiangmen city and about five hundred residents from each village were examined for clonorchiasis by Kato-Katz method (three slides per specimen). Fifty residents from each village were re-examined one month after treatment. One year later 50 treated residents were chosen from Dalin village and Sanya village for fecal examination. Questionnairing was conducted to determine the knowledge rate on clonorchiasis prevention among residents. The percentage and usage of sanitary toilets were investigated. The average infection rate of clonorchiasis from five villages was 21.5%(537/2501). 86.6%(465/537) of clonorchiasis received treatment voluntarily. One month after treatment the infection rate in four villages declined significantly. The positive rate showed no significant difference between one month and one year after treatment in Dalin and Sanya villages (P>0.05) . Questionairing indicated that 41.2%(170/413) of the clonorchiasis cases ate raw fish frequently, which was significantly higher than those non-infected people [4.2%, 8/192] (P<0.05). After health education, the knowledge awareness rate raised from 23.1% (135/584) to 84.5% (349/413) (P<0.05). The dissemination and usage of sanitary toilets were 93.2% (38 068/40 848) and 100%, respectively.

[Effects of NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N ratio in applied supplementary fertilizer on nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis and growth of Isatis indigotica].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N ratios in the applied supplementary fertilizer on the growth, nitrogen metabolis related enzymes activity and photosynthetic characteristics of Isatis indigotica. METHOD: The sand culture experiment was conducted, and seedling of I. indigotica was fertilized with the mixed nutrition that containing the Hoagland's macro elements and the Aron's micro elements, the additional 63 mmol N was supplementary with the NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N ratio of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. RESULT: The biomass of I. indigotica increased at first when the supplementary N of NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N ratio changed from 100:0 to 50:50 and decreased afterwards. The maximum value was at 50:50 and the minimum at 100: 0. With increasing the ratio of NO3(-)-N, the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase increased and then decreased and the relationship between the activity and the ratio could be described with an approximate parabola curve. The net photosynthetic rate of I. indigotica was the highest at the NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N ratio of 75:25 and the lowest at 100:0. CONCLUSION: Increasing the NO3(-)-N ratio properly was beneficial to promote the growth and improve the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase and net photosynthetic rate of I. indigotica.