ABSTRACT
Natural hyperbolic materials (HMs) in two dimensions (2D) have an extraordinarily high anisotropy and a hyperbolic dispersion relation. Some of them can even sustain hyperbolic polaritons with great directional propagation and light compression to deeply sub-wavelength scales due to their inherent anisotropy. Herein, the anisotropic optical features of 2D natural HMs are reviewed. Four hyperbolic polaritons (i.e., phonon polaritons, plasmon polaritons, exciton polaritons, and shear polaritons) as well as their generation mechanism are discussed in detail. The natural merits of 2D HMs hold promise for practical quantum photonic applications such as valley quantum interference, mid-infrared polarizers, spontaneous emission enhancement, near-field thermal radiation, and a new generation of optoelectronic components, among others. The conclusion of these analyses outlines existing issues and potential interesting directions for 2D natural HMs. These findings could spur more interest in anisotropic 2D atomic crystals in the future, as well as the quick generation of natural HMs for new applications.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To clarify how ZCCHC14 affects the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Differential levels of ZCCHC14 in HCC tissues and cells were examined. Proliferative and migratory changes in HCC cells with overexpression or knockdown of ZCCHC14 were detected using 5-Ethynyl-2'- deoxyuridine (EdU) and Transwell assay, respectively. Expression changes of p-Akt/Akt, p-GSK3ß/GSK3ß and ß-catenin in HCC cells mediated by ZCCHC14 were determined. Intervened by the p-Akt activator SC79 or overexpression of ß-catenin, further validated the involvement of the Akt/GSK3ß/ß-catenin signaling in HCC cell phenotypes mediated by ZCCHC14. RESULTS: Upregulated ZCCHC14 in HCC accelerated in vitro proliferative potential of HCC cells. Knockdown of ZCCHC14 inactivated the Akt/GSK3ß/ß-catenin signaling and inhibited malignant phenotypes of HCC, which were partially reversed by SC79 induction or overexpression of ß-catenin. CONCLUSIONS: By activating the Akt/GSK3ß/ß-catenin signaling, ZCCHC14 accelerates HCC cells proliferation.
