Retrospective analysis on the efficacy of epidural labor analgesia on early breast feeding after vaginal delivery.

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is essential for infants and mothers. Epidural labor analgesia is used frequently to alleviate pain during vaginal delivery. Studies have found that epidural labor analgesia potentially have negative effects on postpartum breastfeeding. However, the efficacy of epidural labor analgesia on early breastfeeding after vaginal delivery is unclear. Therefore, a retrospective analysis was performed to illuminate the efficacy of epidural labor analgesia on postpartum breast feeding. METHODS: A total of 392 women who received vaginal delivery in the Second People's Hospital of Foshan from July 2022 to June 2023 were selected for this study, and all women received epidural labor analgesia and were divided into three groups according to the efficacy of labor analgesia. There were three groups: parturients with VAS scores < 3 were divided into Group E (n = 192), parturients with VAS scores 4-6 were divided into Group M (n = 127), and parturients with VAS scores > 7 were divided into Group P (n = 73). The labor process, lactation initiation time, and incidence of delayed onset of lactation were analyzed. The lactation volume and time and LATCH score at 24, 48 and 72 h after vaginal delivery were also analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in labor process times among the three groups (P > 0.05). The cases of prolactin use in Group M were less than those in Group E and Group P, with a significant difference (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in cases of prolactin use between Group E and Group P (P > 0.05). The lactation initiation time in Group M was significantly shorter than those in Group E and Group P (all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in lactation initiation time after vaginal delivery between Group E and Group P (P>0.05). The incidence of delayed onset of lactation in Group M was significantly lower those that in Group E and Group P (all P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of delayed onset of lactation between Group E and Group P (P > 0.05). The lactation volumes at 24, 48 and 72 h after vaginal delivery in Group M were significantly higher than those in Group E and Group P (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in lactation volume at 24, 48 and 72 h after vaginal delivery between Group E and Group P (P > 0.05). The lactation times at 24, 48 and 72 h after vaginal delivery in Group M were significantly higher than those in Group E and Group P (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in lactation times at 24, 48 and 72 h after vaginal delivery between Group E and Group P (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in LATCH scores at 24, 48 and 72 h after vaginal delivery among the three groups (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with labor analgesia with excellent and poor analgesia efficacy, labor analgesia with moderate analgesia efficacy has fewer cases of prolactin use, more lactation volume and time, a shorter lactation initiation time, a lower incidence of delayed onset of lactation and no effect on the LATCH score of breastfeeding.

[Differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and global developmental delay based on machine learning and Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale]. / åŸºäºŽæœºå™¨å­¦ä¹ å’Œå„¿ç«¥ç¥žç»å¿ƒç†è¡Œä¸ºæ£€æŸ¥é‡è¡¨é‰´åˆ«å­¤ç‹¬ç—‡è°±ç³»éšœç¢å’Œå ¨é¢å‘è‚²è¿Ÿç¼“å„¿ç«¥çš„ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy and required indicators of Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016 (CNBS-R2016) in the differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and global developmental delay (GDD). METHODS: A total of 277 children with ASD and 415 children with GDD, aged 18-48 months, were enrolled as subjects. CNBS-R2016 was used to assess the developmental levels of six domains, i.e., gross motor, fine motor, adaptive ability, language, social behavior, and warning behavior, and a total of 13 indicators on intelligence age and developmental quotient (DQ) were obtained as the input features. Five commonly used machine learning classifiers were used for training to calculate the classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of each classifier. RESULTS: DQ of warning behavior was selected as the first feature in all five classifiers, and the use of this indicator alone had a classification accuracy of 78.90%. When the DQ of warning behavior was used in combination with the intelligence age of warning behavior, gross motor, and language, it had the highest classification accuracy of 86.71%. CONCLUSIONS: Machine learning combined with CNBS-R2016 can effectively distinguish children with ASD from those with GDD. The DQ of warning behavior plays an important role in machine learning, and its combination with other features can improve classification accuracy, providing a basis for the efficient and accurate differential diagnosis of ASD and GDD in clinical practice.

The Physalis floridana genome provides insights into the biochemical and morphological evolution of Physalis fruits.

The fruits of Physalis (Solanaceae) have a unique structure, a lantern-like fruiting calyx known as inflated calyx syndrome (ICS) or the Chinese lantern, and are rich in steroid-related compounds. However, the genetic variations underlying the origin of these characteristic traits and diversity in Physalis remain largely unknown. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome assembly of Physalis floridana (~1.40 Gb in size) with a contig N50 of ~4.87 Mb. Through evolutionary genomics and experimental approaches, we found that the loss of the SEP-like MADS-box gene MBP21 subclade is likely a key mutation that, together with the previously revealed mutation affecting floral MPF2 expression, might have contributed to the origination of ICS in Physaleae, suggesting that the origination of a morphological novelty may have resulted from an evolutionary scenario in which one mutation compensated for another deleterious mutation. Moreover, the significant expansion of squalene epoxidase genes is potentially associated with the natural variation of steroid-related compounds in Physalis fruits. The results reveal the importance of gene gains (duplication) and/or subsequent losses as genetic bases of the evolution of distinct fruit traits, and the data serve as a valuable resource for the evolutionary genetics and breeding of solanaceous crops.

[Application of the Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016 in young children with autism spectrum disorder].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the assessment results of the Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016 (CNBS-R2016) between young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and global developmental delay (GDD, without ASD) and to explore whether CNBS-R2016 could be helpful to early identification of ASD. METHODS: A total of 260 ASD and 371 GDD children aged 18-30 months were enrolled to finish the assessment of CNBS-R2016. The development quotients (DQs) of the five domains of CNBS-R2016 including gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, language and social behavior were compared between the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of the autism-predicted domain in identifying ASD and GDD. RESULTS: The DQs of all the five domains in the ASD group were lower than those in the GDD group (P<0.05). The language DQ and total DQ of the ASD group had a negative correlation with the score of the autism-predicted domain (rs=-0.566, -0.552 respectively, P<0.01). When the cut-off value of the autism-predicted domain was 10.5, the largest area under the ROC curve was 0.835, and the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of ASD were 0.750 and 0.798 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The development of ASD children aged 18-30 months is worse than that of GDD children. CNBS-R2016 may be helpful to distinguish ASD from children with developmental delay.

Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F).

Although early detection of autism facilitates intervention, early detection strategies are not yet widespread in China. To improve the situation, the Chinese version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F) was validated. The sample included 7928 toddlers, aged 16 to 30 months, screened during their routine care in six provinces of China. When the cut-off value was 3, the sensitivity and specificity of M-CHAT-R were 0.963 and 0.865. The inter-rater reliability and the test-retest reliability were also adequate (intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.853 and 0.759, both ps < .01). The Chinese version of M-CHAT-R/F is an effective tool for early detection of ASD and is applicable to early screening in China.

Short Panicle 3 controls panicle architecture by upregulating APO2/RFL and increasing cytokinin content in rice.

Inflorescence architecture is a major determinant of spikelet numbers per panicle, a key component of grain yield in rice. In this study, Short Panicle 3 (SP3) was identified from a short panicle 3 (sp3) mutant in which T-DNA was inserted in the promoter of SP3, resulting in a knockdown mutation. SP3 encodes a DNA binding with one finger (Dof) transcriptional activator. Quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR and RNA in situ hybridization assays confirmed that SP3 is preferentially expressed in the young rice inflorescence, specifically in the branch primordial regions. SP3 acts as a negative regulator of inflorescence meristem abortion by upregulating APO2/RFL. SP3 both up- and downregulates expression of genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis and catabolism, respectively. Consequently, cytokinin concentrations are decreased in young sp3 panicles, thereby leading to small panicles having fewer branches and spikelets. Our findings support a model in which SP3 regulates panicle architecture by modulating cytokinin homeostasis. Potential applications to rice breeding, through gene-editing of the SP3 promoter are assessed.

Minor Effects of 11 Dof Family Genes Contribute to the Missing Heritability of Heading Date in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

DNA binding with one finger (Dof) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors with important and diverse functions in seed germination, flowering time, and biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, haplotype-based association analysis was conducted between heading date and 30 Dof family genes in a worldwide germplasm collection. Of these, 22 Dof genes were associated with heading date. Multiple comparisons among haplotypes revealed their diverse functions in promoting and suppressing heading date under short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) conditions. They cumulatively made a considerable contribution to the missing heritability of heading date. A set of knockout mutants of 30 Dof genes generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing technology showed that 11 and 9 Dof genes regulated heading date under LD and SD, respectively. Phenotype measurement of mutants showed that these 11 and 9 Dof genes slightly regulated heading with effects of 2-5 days under LD and SD, respectively. Both mutant and natural variation assays indicated functional redundancy in regulating heading date among Dof family genes. Nucleotide diversity analysis suggested that most Dof genes have been subjected to selection during domestication and improvement. Beyond heading date, this set of mutants is also a good resource for evaluating the function of Dof genes in regulating stress tolerance and seed germination.

Highly conductive and flexible polymer composites with improved mechanical and electromagnetic interference shielding performances.

New flexible and conductive materials (FCMs) comprising a quartz fiber cloth (QFC) reinforced multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-carbon aerogel (QMCA) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) have been successfully prepared. The QMCA-PDMS composite with a very low loading of MWCNTs (∼1.6 wt%) demonstrates enhanced performance in tensile strength (129.6 MPa), modulus (3.41 GPa) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency (SE) (∼16 dB in X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) region). Compared to the QC (where MWCNTs were simply deposited on the QFCs without forming aerogel networks) based PDMS composite, a ∼120%, 330% and 178% increase of tensile strength, modulus, and EMI SE was obtained, respectively. Moreover, the EMI SE of the QMCA-PDMS composite can further reach 20 dB (a SE level needed for commercial applications) with only 2 wt% MWCNTs. Furthermore, the conductivity of the QMCA-PDMS laminate can reach 1.67 S cm(-1) even with very low MWCNTs (1.6 wt%), which still remains constant even after 5000 times bending and exhibits an increase of ∼170% than that of MWCNT-carbon aerogel (MCA)-PDMS at 20% strain. Such intriguing performances are mainly attributed to their unique networks in QMCA-PDMS composites. In addition, these features can also protect electronics against harm from external forces and EMI, giving the brand-new FCMs huge potential in next-generation devices, like E-skin, robot joints and so on.