ABSTRACT
EAI045 represents a fourth generation allosteric EGFR TKI compound which targets T790M and C797S EGFR mutants. The study reported herein describes a method to explore the distribution of EAI045 in rat tissues as well as to quantify it in plasma. The method used here is an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with high sensitivity and selectivity. An ACQUITY UPLC BEN HILIC column with dimensions of 2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 µm was used to separate the analytes and IS. As mobile phase acetonitrile as well as 0.1 % of formic acid/water was used combined with an elution gradient and 0.40 mL/min flow rate. This eluent was also used for electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. A mode on multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) was also employed in the quantification. This quantification included the use of targeted segment ions with m/z 384.1â100.8 for EAI045, and m/z 285.1â193.3 for IS, respectively. It was found that the linearity of this method was appropriate and the concentration range could be kept within a range of 2-2000 ng/mL for EAI045 in rat plasma and tissues. The level of EAI045 was found to be highest in the liver, followed by kidneys, lungs and heart. Furthermore, the results provided evidence that EAI045 could be absorbed quickly and distributed widely in different tissue types.
Subject(s)
Benzeneacetamides/pharmacokinetics , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , Thiazoles/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Male , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
A novel series of 4, 6-disubstituted pyrimidines derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). 4, 6-disubstituted pyrimidines as core structure was utilized to substitute the lead structure AZD3759 of the quinazoline basic skeleton via an approach involving scaffold hopping. It was found that compound Yfq07 exhibited the best inhibitory effect compared with AZD3759 in vitro and in vivo: Yfq07 exhibited a competitive ATP inhibitory effect, multiple target effects, and further featured a stronger activity against H3255, A431, HCC827, PC-9 and H1975 compared to AZD3759. Moreover, a stronger pro-apoptotic effect, inhibition of cell G2/M phase on A431, H3255, HCC827 and H1975 could also be observed. In this study, the ultimate goal was changing the core structure to improve other epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) properties while retaining the overall potency. Yfq07 was further explored as an effective 4, 6-pyrimidine anticancer agent for the treatment of human NSCLC.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy , Diamines/pharmacology , Drug Design , ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Diamines/chemical synthesis , Diamines/chemistry , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , ErbB Receptors/metabolism , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Molecular Structure , Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism , Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry , Pyrimidines/chemical synthesis , Pyrimidines/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
We designed and synthesized 26 prototype compounds and studied their anti-inflammatory activity and underlying molecular mechanisms. The inhibitory effects of the compounds on the production of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, inflammatory-related proteins, and mRNAs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages were determined by the Griess assay, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot analysis, and Reverse transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Our results indicated that treatment with A2, A6 and B7 significantly inhibited the secretion of NO and inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells without demonstrable cytotoxicity. It was also found that A2, A6 and B7 strongly suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase enzyme COX-2, and prevented nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 by inhibiting the degradation of p50 and IκBα. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was significantly inhibited by A2, A6 and B7. These findings suggest that A2, A6 and B7 may operate as an effective anti-inflammatory agent through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages. Moreover, rat paw swelling experiments showed that these compounds possess anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, with compound A6 exhibiting similar activities to the reference drug Indomethacin.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic , Drug Design , Pyrimidines/chemistry , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemical synthesis , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cytokines/biosynthesis , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Inflammation Mediators/metabolism , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/metabolism , Mice , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , Phosphorylation , Pyrimidines/chemical synthesis , RAW 264.7 Cells , Rats , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
A total of 24 N-substituted 3,5-bis(2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)piperidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized via aldol condensation, and their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated. These compounds were found to have no significant cytotoxicity against mouse bone marrow cells inâ vitro. However, some compounds, such as c6 (N-(3-methylbenzoyl)-3,5-bis-(2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)piperidin-4-one) and c10 (N-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3,5-bis-(2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)piperidin-4-one), displayed potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1ß, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with c6 or c10 at 2.5 or 10â mg kg-1 significantly decreased the paw edema induced by carrageenan in rats, and the anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds were found to be better than those of celecoxib or indomethacin as well as their parent compound C66 (2,6-bis-(2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)cyclohexanone). Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that c6 has better bioavailability than curcumin. Therefore, these compounds may be valuable leads for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.