ABSTRACT
Five Liphistius Schiödte, 1849 species of the primitively segmented spider family Liphistiidae are currently known from Myanmar. Here, we described a new species, Liphistius pyinoolwin sp. nov. (ââ), which was collected from Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, diagnosed based on its genital morphology. The specimens (2ââ, 5ââ) collected by Walter C. Sedgwick from Pyin Oo Lwin in 1982 were misidentified as L. birmanicus Thorell, 1897 and are treated here as the newly described species. Accordingly, we described the males of L. birmanicus for the first time, redescribed its female, using newly collected specimens from Yadò, Than Taung and Kalekho Atet townships, Kayin State. We also provided information on the variation in genital morphology of both species, and their relationships within the birmanicus-group of species.
ABSTRACT
The in situ forming system has attracted attention for periodontitis treatment owing to its sustainable drug release localisation at a periodontal pocket. Given its low aqueous solubility, beta-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) may serve as a matrix former of solvent exchange-induced in situ forming gel (ISG) and microparticle (ISM). Meloxicam (Mex)-loaded-ß-CD ISG and ISM were prepared using ß-CD in dimethyl sulphoxide (ISG) as the internal phase and camellia oil comprising 5% glyceryl monostearate as the external phase (ISM). Mex-loaded ß-CD systems comprising 40% ß-CD were easily injected via a 24-gauge needle. During solvent exchange with phosphate buffer saline (pH 6.8), the highly concentrated ß-CD ISG promoted the phase inversion of ß-CD aggregates into matrix-like. Upon exposure to aqueous phase, the ISM system comprising 40% ß-CD transformed into microparticles and extended the drug release to 7 days with minimised initial burst release following Fickian diffusion. Moreover, the potential degradability was evident from the high weight loss. High maximum deformation force with high viscous character initiated the slow diffusion rate of the solvent from the ISM system. Therefore, 40% ß-CD ISM is a potential local Mex-controlled release system of anti-inflammatory drug for periodontitis treatment.
Subject(s)
Periodontal Pocket , beta-Cyclodextrins , Drug Delivery Systems , Humans , Meloxicam , Solubility , SolventsABSTRACT
This study was carried out to investigate the combined effects of vacuum packaging (VP) and cold shock (CS) of asparagus on lignification during storage at 4°C. Physiological and biochemical changes were analyzed. The VP + CS treatment reduced fresh weight loss and color change and prevented the increment of spear toughness the most compared to VP, CS, and control. Also, the VP + CS was most effective in suppressing the activities of lignin biosynthesis enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase, and peroxidase, thereby delaying lignin formation. In addition, the combined treatment delayed ethylene production peak and the reduction of total phenolic content. These results suggest that VP + CS may maintain eating quality of asparagus spears through delay of lignification. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study mainly focused on reducing lignification of asparagus spears using VP + CS, which is safe, eco-friendly, affordable, and practical. Our results showed that VP + CS significantly delayed lignification. Thus, VP + CS represents a promising postharvest handling approach for reducing the lignin content of asparagus, to preserve its integrity, and improve stability during shipment. This prospective technique will eliminate the use of chemical alternatives to prolong the storage life and maintain the quality of spears.
Subject(s)
Asparagus Plant , Cold-Shock Response , Lignin , Prospective Studies , VacuumABSTRACT
Two Liphistius species of the primitively segmented spider family Liphistiidae, collected from Loikaw (Kayah State) and Pinlaung (Shan State), Myanmar, are diagnosed and described as new to science based on their genital morphology: Liphistius hpruso sp. nov. (â), Liphistius pinlaung sp. nov. (ââ).