[Age features of the modular condition of blood in persons of senile age at physiological aging].

Study of the peculiarities of blood aggregation in the elderly with physiological aging is of particular interest. There is a significant contribution to the development of age involution decrease in endothelial function (reducing the synthesis of prostacyclin, decreased antiaggregation activity of the vascular wall), diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, increased rigidity of vascular wall and remodeling microvasculature. The complex estimation of blood aggregation and identification of features of interaction of individual factors in elderly patients has important clinical implications.

[The implication of Chlamydia pneumoniae in damage to human aortic endotheliocytes in atherosclerosis].

A cytological technique was used to study the impressions of the aortic intima of dead patients. Endothelial cell Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) was detected in 26 (56.5%) of 46 dead patients; the bacterium was found in the unaffected intact intimal areas in 9 (19.6%) cases. Three morphological forms of CP--inclusions, spots, and aggregates were described. The whole life cycle of CP and the specific features of disintegration of the host cell--the endothelium were observed. CP leads to extensive infection and aponecrotic death of all types of endothelial cells above the fatty streaks and plaques. Focal chlamydial destruction of an endothelial layer results in intimal surface erosion and thrombogenesis. An inflammatory response to damaged endothelial cells may be responsible for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and plaque destabilization.

[Endothelial cell changes preceding the formation of intimal erosions in coronary arteries and aorta in atherosclerosis in humans].

The cytological technique was used to study autopsy specimens from 39 patients aged 35-85 years. Above the atherosclerotic strips and plaques there were multiple destruction microfoci (MDMs) of endothelial cells (EC), which were divided into three types. EC MDMs were detected in the aortic intima in 79.5% of the patients. A total of 107 MDM of different types were found in 63.2% of cases. A total of 53 MDMs were identified. The detection rate for EC MDMs in the aorta and coronary arteries in acute and recurrent myocardial infarction was 1.3 and 2 times greater than that in large-focal and diffuse small-focal cardiosclerosis. EC microfocal destruction is a sign of progressive atherosclerosis and may be a critical step in the transition from stable endothelized to eroded plaque and thrombosis.

[Modern technologies in diagnosis and treatment of patients with late stages of hydronephrosis].

To evaluate the role of modern ultrasonic, x-ray and radionuclide methods in staging hydronephrosis; that of stimulators of stem cells of the bone marrow in combined therapy of patients with late hydronephrosis, we examined and treated 18 patients with late-stage hydro- and ureterohydronephrosis. All the patients were operated. Preoperative preparation included drainage of the upper urinary tract and stimulation of bone marrow stem cells. Organ-saving surgery was conducted with a satisfactory functional result in 14 of 18 patients. Modern methods of investigation provide an objective assessment of structural-functional condition of the kidneys and upper urinary tract in patients with late hydro- and ureterohydronephrosis, may evidence for possible reversibility of registered uro- and hemodynamic alterations. Preoperative use of stimulators of bone marrow stem cells promotes activation of repair processes in renal parenchyma which is essential for efficacy of a further reconstructive operation.

[Analysis of the heterogenicity of cytological and morphometric indices of the endothelial nuclei of the aorta and pulmonary artery in atherosclerosis].

The authors made a qualitative cytological analysis of the percentage of the heterogenic endothelium and its association with the severity of atherosclerosis. A total of 15,000 endotheliocytes (usual-type, giant uninucleated, binucleated, trinucleated, multinucleated, and horseshoe-shaped nuclei) were studied above different forms of atherosclerotic lesion of the human aorta and pulmonary artery. The material was obtained from 5 deceased patients aged 35 to 85 years. Both uninucleated and multinucleated cells were identified as the endothelium by an immunohistochemical test in the detection of specific factor VIII antigen in their cytoplasm. The proportion of heterogenic cells above the intact portions of the pulmonary artery and aorta was ascertained to be 13.7 and 24.8%, respectively; at the same time that of this endothelium above the fatty streaks increased up to 56.1 and 58.7%, respectively; and that above fatty plaques did up to 72.2 and 73.1%, respectively. Thus, the total number of endotheliocytes with the usual type of nuclei statistically significantly decreased above atherosclerotic lesions (fatty streaks and plaques) of the pulmonary artery and aorta to 35.8 and 31.8%, respectively. Extrusion of a population of cells with the usual type of nuclei with the progress of atherosclerotic lesions is attended by an increase in the proportion of the heterogenic endothelium up to 64.2 and 68.2%, respectively. It is suggested that the optimum combination of variable dimensions of the endothelium and the size and number of their nuclei is an adaptive reaction and an essential prerequisite to the most effective endothelial function when atherosclerotic lesion of the arterial intima progresses.

[Risk factors and incidence of dental diseases in children in a large industrial town].

A relationship has been studied between somatic diseases, functional changes, and dental mortality in children living in urban areas having different levels of ambient air pollution. Visceral diseases have been ascertained to contribute to the development or deteriorate the course of various pathological tooth and jaw processes. Systemic diseases change the conditions of formation and maturation of dentins, which makes them less resistant. The relationship between the changes in the somatic and dental statuses of children is more pronounced when the ecological situation is poor.

[Impact of environmental air pollution on dental morbidity in children]. / Vliianie zagriazneniia atmosfernogo vozdukha na stomatologicheskuiu zabolevaemost' u detei.

Ambient air pollution was studied for its impact on the prevalence and severity of major dental diseases and on the biological age of pre-school children in ecologically tense and relatively pure regions. The lowest prevalence and severity of caries were registered in a nursery located in a control region. The mean number of permanent teeth was also more in children of the control group. Estimation of the biological age by the dental formula revealed that there were a significantly larger number of accelerated children among those living in the control region.

[Influence of environmental factors on human health status in Kazan]. / Vliianie faktorov okruzhaiushchei sredy na samochuvstvie naseleniia Kazani.

The authors studied the impact of ambient air pollution with hazardous substances on preschoolchildren's heath status and physical development in Kazan. The health status and physical development were ascertained to be determined by environmental pollution with harmful impurities, as confirmed by a great difference in the findings in control and polluted areas. The findings may be used to develop measures for lowering environmental pollution and for protecting children's health.

[Health status of preschool-children in areas with different man-made loads]. / Sostoianie zdorov'ia detei doshkol'nogo vozrasta na territoriiakh s razlichnym urovnem antropogennoi nagruzki.

A questionnaire survey was made to study the opinion of residents in the area of the Yamashev-Dekabristy main road, the joint stock company Tasma-Holding, the commercial joint stock Orgsintez on their health status and on the source of ambient air pollution and the opinion of those living in Gorki-I, an ecologically pure area. The respondents were asked to answer the questions on the unfavourable impact of environmental factors on human health (respondents' painful sensations). The questions also concerned such factors as noise, odour, dust in relation to the place of residence near the main road or an industrial enterprise. The results of the questionnaire survey suggest that environmental pollution exerts an adverse effect on human health particularly in the areas where industrial enterprises and large main roads are located. The findings serve as the basis for introduction of ecological tension-reducing measures.

[Role of social and biological factors in the formation of health in preschool children]. / Rol' sotsial'nykh i biologicheskikh faktorov v formirovanii sostoianiia zdorov'ia detei doshkol'nogo vozrasta.

To study the influence of social and hygienic factors on the health and physical development of children aged 4-7 years in Kazan, they underwent a comprehensive medical examination and the sociological characteristics of their parents were analyzed. The health and harmony of physical development in children were found to be largely associated with by their parents' education, age, marital status, by the quality of child care, and with the time the children began visiting preschool educational establishments. Thus, the questionnaire data suggest that sociohygienic and biomedical factors unfavourably influence the health and physical development of preschool children.

[Influence of environmental factors on physical development of preschool children]. / Vliianie faktorov okruzhaiushchei sredy na fizicheskoe razvitie detei doshkol'nogo vozrasta.

A relationship between the ambient air pollution with noxious agents and the physical development of pre-school children residing in polluted and relatively "pure" areas was examined. The harmony of the morphofunctional status was found to be significantly lower in the polluted areas than in the "pure" ones, showing an error probability of no greater than p < 0.05 to p < 0.001.

[Morphological changes in male sexual glands in Kaluga regions contaminated with radionuclides]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia polovykh zhelez muzhskogo naseleniia v zonakh radiatsionnogo zagriazneniia Kaluzhskoi oblasti.

41 testes of males who died after living 7-9 years in Kaluga region contaminated with radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident (1-5 and higher Ci/km2) were studied morphologically. Various alterations were found in 75.6% of the cases. All the testes contained Cs-137 (11-45 Bq/kg). The correlation between the radionuclide content and level of radiation pollution was lacking. Maximal content of Cs-137 was in testicular tissue of boys (45 Bq/kg).

[Clinical and morphological analysis of adrenal cortex adenomas]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskií analiz adenom kory nadpochechnikov.

Case 31 patients with Cushing syndrome are analysed. On the basis of the number of the atypical cells from dark-cell adrenal cortex adenomas, giant-cell adenomas were differentiated as a separate morphological type. Blood concentration of hydrocortisone depends on the cell composition of adenomas. Clear-cell adenomas can be hormone-active and hormont-inactive. The quantitative parameters oblained NMR-tomography, allow detecting morphological type of the tumor with greaf accuracy.

[Analysis of morphologic classifications of testicular lesions in male sterility]. / Analiz morfologicheskikh klassifikatsii povrezhdenii iaichka pri muzhskom besplodii.

An analysis of the authors' own data based on the examination of 697 testis biopsies is given. The material is subdivided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of germ cells: 1) hypospermatogenesis and 2) aspermatogenesis. Hypospermatogenesis is related to any tubule changes resulting in the under-production of spermatozoa. Criteria of tubule changes and a method for determination of the hypospermatogenesis degree are given. Insolvency of some existing histologic classifications is shown.

[Ultrastructural and ultracytochemical changes in the lungs of rats with diabetes mellitus]. / Ul'trastrukturnye i ul'tratsitokhimicheskie izmeneniia legkikh u krys pri sakharnom diabete.

Diabetes mellitus was produced in Rats by means of a single streptozotocin injection. The evolution of the lung ultrastructure and of the state of the alveolar epithelium glycocalix was followed during two months. Among the different cellular types of the lung parenchyma, the main alterations were revealed in the pneumocytes of type II. They consisted in severe enlargement of the endoplasmatic rough net channels, diminution of the quantity of the lamellated corpuscles and delay of their output out of the cytoplasm, the reduction of microvilli and thinning of the glycocalix. As an answer to the epithelium alteration, a regeneration of the type II pneumocytes was discovered. A structural insufficiency of the phagocyte system--polymorph nuclear leucocytes and alveolar macrophages was noted.

[Ultrastructural and enzyme chemical changes in dog testicles as affected by temporary interruption of blood circulation and use of cardiac massage]. / Ul'trastrukturnye i fermentokhimicheskie izmeneniia iachek sobak v usloviiakh vremennogo prekrashcheniia krovoobrashcheniia i primeneniia kardiomassazhera.

Slight ultrastructural and metabolic changes in the spermatogenic epithelium of the testicles were identified 10 min after cardiac arrest. One hour after direct mechanical cardiomassage (DMCM) a moderately pronounced edema of the intercellular spaces in the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium, normal content of lactate and succinate dehydrogenases, and a certain decrease in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases and NAD- and NADP-diaphorases were noted. Preservation of tight junctions between Sertoli cells, presenting an impermeable testicular barrier, both after cardiac arrest and DMCM suggest that the hypoxic alterations in the structure and metabolism do not interfere with the use of the testicles for transplantation.

[Fat absorption following temporary ischemia of the small intestine]. / Vsasyvanie zhira posle vremennoi ishemii tonkoi kishki.

Ischemia of the rat small intestine lasting 40 min leads to pronounced structural disorders in lipid transport across the enterocytes, reduction in enzymatic activity of the cells and in absorption function, and to the loss of fat with feces. The normalization of the indicated parameters occurs at varying times and ends after 1 month. Fat transport abnormality is marked by an increase in lipid drops in the cavities of the smooth endoplasmic network, appearance of large and numerous matrix lipids, by a greater reduction, as compared to normal, in the membranes of the rough endoplasmic network and lamellar complex in the epithelium of the villi. Accumulation of lipids and retardation of their release from the cytoplasm are determined by incomplete differentiation of the epithelium, which is also combined with a decreased enzymatic activity.