[Recommendations for performing pharmacogenetic tests in drug monographs in Canada, France and the United States]. / Recommandations relatives à la réalisation de tests de pharmacogénétique dans les monographies de médicaments au Canada, en France et aux États-Unis.

INTRODUCTION: Pharmacogenetics represents an opportunity in pharmaceutical practice. There are many documentary resources to support the pharmacist's work in this area. OBJECTIVE: To compare the recommendations for carrying out pharmacogenetic tests from a documentary source in three countries: the United States, Canada and United France. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Based on the recommendations of the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium type A (the highest threshold justifying the use of a pharmacogenetic test), we identified the drug-gene pairs (23 pairs). The proposed pairs involve a total of 47 separate international nonproprietary names and 18 genes. For each drug-gene pair, we consulted three open access documentary sources (one for each target country), namely the pharmaceutical products database (DPD) for Canada, the product characteristic summary (SPC) for France and the Micromedex® monograph (IBM, Truven Health Analytics, MI, USA) for the United States. The study was conducted in September 2019. RESULTS: About a third of the drug-gene pairs are explicitly mentioned by the gene to be targeted and by the test suggested in the documentary sources consulted. Of the 23 pairs identified by the CPIC, thirteen pairs contain "consistent" recommendations between the three documentary sources. CONCLUSION: There is great heterogeneity regarding the recommendations for pharmacogenetic tests from three documentary sources used by pharmacists to monitor drug therapy in the United States, Canada and France. There is an urgent need to standardize the requirements for nomenclature, description and the need to use pharmacogenetic tests to ensure proper use of drugs and these tests in the clinic.

[Upgrading a pediatric pharmaceutical care service in Quebec]. / Mise à niveau d'un secteur pédiatrique de soins pharmaceutiques au Québec.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical pharmacy has developed since the 1960s in North America, with large disparities in the presence of decentralized pharmacists in hospital units between healthcare programs. Decentralized pharmacists have been present in pediatrics since the 1970s. The main objective of this study was to describe the steps used to upgrade the pediatrics department's pharmaceutical care. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted to upgrade the pharmaceutical care provided by two full-time equivalents in two pediatric sectors including 81 beds of a tertiary mother-child hospital. The upgrade includes three steps: a structured literature review, a description of the department, and a description of the practice upgrades proposed by the research team, in consensus with the clinical pharmacy team. RESULTS: Out of the 236 articles initially identified, 13 relevant articles were found on the role and impact of pharmacists in pediatrics. Nine pharmaceutical activities were supported by high-quality data. Following the literature review and concerted reflection, 15 improvements were identified as feasible without increasing the staff. CONCLUSION: There are data on the impact of pharmacists in pediatrics. This descriptive study illustrates a method that was used to upgrade the pediatrics sector in a university mother-child health center.