Persulfidation and phosphorylation of transcription factor SlWRKY6 differentially regulate tomato fruit ripening.

Cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) catalyzes the generation of the signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in plants. In this study, we found that H2S can inhibit tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening and SlWRKY6 undergoes differential protein persulfidation in SlLCD1-overexpressing leaves. Then, further study indicated that SlWRKY6 could be persulfidated by H2S at Cys396. By construction of slwrky6 mutants and SlWRKY6-OE lines, we found that SlWRKY6 positively regulates leaf senescence and fruit ripening by activating the transcription of ripening-related genes STAYGREEN 1 (SlSGR1) and Senescence-Associated Gene 12 (SlSAG12). In addition, SlWRKY6 interacted with kinase SlMAPK4 and was phosphorylated at Ser33. Dual luciferase transient expression assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that SlWRKY6 persulfidation attenuated its transcriptional regulation of target genes SlSGR1 and SlSAG12, whereas SlWRKY6 phosphorylation by SlMAPK4 activated the transcription of target genes to promote fruit ripening. Moreover, we provided evidence that SlWRKY6 persulfidation attenuated its SlMAPK4-mediated phosphorylation to inhibit tomato fruit ripening. By transient expression of SlWRKY6, SlWRKY6C396A, SlWRKY6S33A and SlWRKY6S33D in slwrky6 fruits, we found that SlWRKY6 persulfidation attenuated the expression of SlSGR1 and SlSAG12 thereby delaying tomato fruit ripening, while SlWRKY6 phosphorylation increased the expression of target genes. As tomato fruits ripened, endogenous H2S production decreased, while SlMAPK4 expression increased. Therefore, our findings reveal a model in which SlWRKY6 persulfidation due to higher endogenous H2S levels in un-ripened fruit inhibits its ability to activate SlSGR1 and SlSAG12 expression, while SlWRKY6 phosphorylation by SlMAPK4 activates its transcriptional activity, thereby promoting tomato fruit ripening.

A novel approach for sludge deep-dewatering via flowing-out enhancement but not relying on cell lysis and bound water release.

Effective deep-dewatering is crucial for wastewater sludge management. Currently, the dominant methods focus on promoting cell lysis to release intracellular water, but these techniques often lead to secondary pollution and require stringent conditions, limiting their practical use. This study explores an innovative method using a commercially available complex quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, known as G-agent. This agent remarkably reduces the sludge water content from 98.6 % to 56.8 % with a low dosage (50 mg/g DS) and under neutral pH conditions. This approach surpasses Fenton oxidation in terms of dewatering efficiency and avoids the necessity for cell lysis and bound water release, thereby reducing the risk of secondary pollution in the filtrate, including heavy metals, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other contaminants. The G-agent plays a significant role in destabilizing flocs and enhancing flocculation during the conditioning and initial dewatering stages, effectively reducing the solid-liquid interfacial affinity of the sludge. In the compression filtration stage, the agent's solidification effect is crucial in forming a robust skeleton that improves pore connectivity within the filter cake, leading to increased water permeability, drainage performance and water flow-out efficiency. This facilitates deep dewatering of sludge without cell lysis. The study reveals that the G-agent primarily improves water flow-out efficiency rather than water flowability, indicating that cell lysis and bound water release are not indispensable prerequisites for sludge deep-dewatering. Furthermore, it presents an encouraging prospect for overcoming the limitations associated with conventional sludge deep-dewatering processes.

The isosbestic point in the Raman spectra of the hydration shell.

Isosbestic point is often observed in a series of spectra, but their interpretation is still controversial, such as whether the continuum model can produce an isosbestic point. In order to answer this question, the Raman spectra of hydration shell with continuous distribution structure in different ionic aqueous solutions were separated by Raman ratio spectra, and an isosbestic point was successfully observed. Our experimental results show that the continuum model can indeed produce the isosbestic point. In order to deepen the understanding of the isosbestic point, we calculate the first moment of the Raman spectra and conduct molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Both experimental and theoretical findings indicate that elevated temperatures lead to increased disorder among water molecules within the hydration shell.

A Clinical Study of Antibacterial Medical Textiles Containing Polyhydroxyalkanoate Oligomers for Reduction of Hospital-Acquired Infections.

INTRODUCTION: The prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections remain a significant challenge worldwide, as textiles used in hospital wards are highly involved in transmission processes. Herein, we report a new antibacterial medical fabric used to prepare hospital pillowcases, bottom sheets, and quilt covers for controlling and reducing hospital-acquired infections. METHOD: The medical fabric was composed of blended yarns of staple polyester and degradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/polylactide fibres, which were then coated with polylactide oligomers, an environmentally friendly and safe antimicrobial agent with excellent thermal stability in high-temperature laundry. A clinical trial was conducted with emphasis on the bacterial species that were closely related to the infection cases in the trial hospital. RESULT: After 7 days of usage, 94% of PET/PHBV/PLA-PLAO fabric could keep less than 20 CFU/100 cm2 of total bacterial amount, meeting hygiene and cleanliness standards. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential of fabrics containing polyhydroxyalkanoate oligomers as highly effective, safe, and long-lasting antimicrobial medical textiles that can effectively reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired infections.

Efficacy and Safety of Crisaborole Ointment 2% in Chinese Patients Aged ≥ 2 Years with Mild to Moderate Atopic Dermatitis.

INTRODUCTION: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic immuno-inflammatory skin disease. Crisaborole ointment, 2%, is a nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor approved for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. This post hoc analysis assesses the efficacy and safety of crisaborole in Chinese patients aged ≥ 2 years with mild to moderate AD. METHODS: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of crisaborole in Chinese patients from the vehicle-controlled, phase 3 CrisADe CLEAR study. Patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive crisaborole or vehicle twice daily, respectively, for 28 days. The primary endpoint was percent change from baseline in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) total score at day 29. Key secondary endpoints were improvement in Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA), ISGA success, and change from baseline in weekly average Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP-NRS) score. Adverse events were documented. RESULTS: Of 391 patients in the overall study, 237 were from China, 157 assigned to crisaborole and 80 assigned to vehicle. A greater reduction in percent change from baseline in EASI total score at day 29 was shown in the crisaborole vs. vehicle group (least squares mean [LSM]: -66.34 [95% (confidence interval) CI -71.55 to -61.12] vs. -50.18 [95% CI -58.02 to -42.34]). Response rates for achievement of ISGA improvement (43.2% [95% CI 35.4-51.1] vs. 33.4% [95% CI 22.5-44.2]) and ISGA success (31.7% [95% CI 24.3-39.0] vs. 21.5% [95% CI 12.1-30.9]) at day 29 were higher in the crisaborole vs. vehicle group. A greater reduction in change from baseline in weekly average PP-NRS score at week 4 was observed in the crisaborole vs. vehicle group (LSM: -1.98 [95% CI -2.34 to -1.62] vs. -1.08 [95% CI -1.63 to -0.53]). No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSION: Crisaborole was effective and well tolerated in Chinese patients aged ≥ 2 years with mild to moderate AD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04360187.

FOXP4-mediated induction of PTK7 activates the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway and promotes ovarian cancer development.

Ovarian cancer (OV) poses a significant challenge in clinical settings due to its difficulty in early diagnosis and treatment resistance. FOXP4, belonging to the FOXP subfamily, plays a pivotal role in various biological processes including cancer, cell cycle regulation, and embryonic development. However, the specific role and importance of FOXP4 in OV have remained unclear. Our research showed that FOXP4 is highly expressed in OV tissues, with its elevated levels correlating with poor prognosis. We further explored FOXP4's function through RNA sequencing and functional analysis in FOXP4-deficient cells, revealing its critical role in activating the Wnt signaling pathway. This activation exacerbates the malignant phenotype in OV. Mechanistically, FOXP4 directly induces the expression of protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), a Wnt-binding receptor tyrosine pseudokinase, which causes abnormal activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Disrupting the FOXP4-Wnt feedback loop by inactivating the Wnt signaling pathway or reducing FOXP4 expression resulted in the reduction of the malignant phenotype of OV cells, while restoring PTK7 expression reversed this effect. In conclusion, our findings underscore the significance of the FOXP4-induced Wnt pathway activation in OV, suggesting the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway in OV treatment.

Discovery of LC-MI-3: A Potent and Orally Bioavailable Degrader of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases.

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a promising therapeutic target in inflammation-related diseases. However, the inhibition of IRAK4 kinase activity may lead to moderate anti-inflammatory efficacy owing to the dual role of IRAK4 as an active kinase and a scaffolding protein. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of an efficient and selective IRAK4 proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecule that eliminates IRAK4 scaffolding functions. The most potent compound, LC-MI-3, effectively degraded cellular IRAK4, with a half-maximal degradation concentration of 47.3 nM. LC-MI-3 effectively inhibited the activation of downstream nuclear factor-κB signaling and exerted more potent pharmacological effects than traditional kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, LC-MI-3 exerted significant therapeutic effects in lipopolysaccharide- and Escherichia coli-induced acute and chronic inflammatory skin models compared with kinase inhibitors in vivo. Therefore, LC-MI-3 is a candidate IRAK4 degrader in alternative targeting strategies and advanced drug development.

DeTAL: Open-Vocabulary Temporal Action Localization with Decoupled Networks.

Pre-trained visual-language (ViL) models have demonstrated good zero-shot capability in video understanding tasks, where they were usually adapted through fine-tuning or temporal modeling. However, in the task of open-vocabulary temporal action localization (OV-TAL), such adaption reduces the robustness of ViL models against different data distributions, leading to a misalignment between visual representations and text descriptions of unseen action categories. As a result, existing methods often strike a trade-off between action detection and classification. Aiming at this issue, this paper proposes DeTAL, a simple but effective two-stage approach for OV-TAL. DeTAL decouples action detection from action classification to avoid the compromise between them, and the state-of-the-art methods for close-set action localization can be handily adapted to OV-TAL, which significantly improves the performance. Meanwhile, DeTAL can easily tackle the scenario where action category annotations are unavailable in the training dataset. In the experiments, we propose a new cross-dataset setting to evaluate the zero-shot capability of different methods. And the results demonstrate that DeTAL outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for OV-TAL on both THUMOS14 and ActivityNet1.3. Code and data are publicly available at https://github.com/vsislab/DeTAL.

Coffee Ring Effect Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Biosensor via 2-λ Fitting Detection Method.

SPR biosensors have been extensively used for investigating protein-protein interactions. However, in conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, detection is limited by the Brownian-motion-governed diffusion process of sample molecules in the sensor chip, which makes it challenging to detect biomolecule interactions at ultra-low concentrations. Here, we propose a highly sensitive SPR imaging biosensor which exploits the coffee ring effect (CRE) for in situ enrichment of molecules on the sensing surface. In addition, we designed a wavelength modulation system utilizing two LEDs to reduce the system cost and enhance the detection speed. Furthermore, a detection limit of 213 fM is achieved, which amounts to an approximately 365 times improvement compared to traditional SPR biosensors. With further development, we believe that this SPR imaging system with high sensitivity, less sample consumption, and faster detection speed can be readily applied to ultra-low-concentration molecular detection and interaction analysis.

Mechanism of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Epilepsy and Related Therapeutic Agents.

Epilepsy is one of the most widespread and complex diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), affecting approximately 65 million people globally, an important factor resulting in neurological disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and progressive cognitive dysfunction. Medication is the most essential treatment. The currently used drugs have shown drug resistance in some patients and only control symptoms; the development of novel and more efficacious pharmacotherapy is imminent. Increasing evidence suggests neuroinflammation is involved in the occurrence and development of epilepsy, and high expression of NLRP3 inflammasome has been observed in the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) brain tissue of patients and animal models. The inflammasome is a crucial cause of neuroinflammation by activating IL-1ß and IL-18. Many preclinical studies have confirmed that regulating NLRP3 inflammasome pathway can prevent the development of epilepsy, reduce the severity of epilepsy, and play a neuroprotective role. Therefore, regulating NLRP3 inflammasome could be a potential target for epilepsy treatment. In summary, this review describes the priming and activation of inflammasome and its biological function in the progression of epilepsy. In addition, we reviewes the current pharmacological researches for epilepsy based on the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, aiming to provide a basis and reference for developing novel antiepileptic drugs.

Investigating Sea-Level Brain Predictors for Acute Mountain Sickness: A Multimodal MRI Study before and after High-Altitude Exposure.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute mountain sickness is a series of brain-centered symptoms that occur when rapidly ascending to high altitude. Predicting acute mountain sickness before high-altitude exposure is crucial for protecting susceptible individuals. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of predicting acute mountain sickness after high-altitude exposure by using multimodal brain MR imaging features measured at sea level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 45 healthy sea-level residents who flew to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (3650 m). We conducted T1-weighted structural MR imaging, resting-state fMRI, and arterial spin-labeling perfusion MR imaging both at sea level and high altitude. Acute mountain sickness was diagnosed for 5 days using Lake Louise Scoring. Logistic regression with Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator logistic regression was performed for predicting acute mountain sickness using sea-level MR imaging features. We also validated the predictors by using MR images obtained at high altitude. RESULTS: The incidence rate of acute mountain sickness was 80.0%. The model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 86.4% (sensitivity = 77.8%, specificity = 100.0%, and P < .001) in predicting acute mountain sickness At sea level, valid predictors included fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and degree centrality from resting-state fMRI, mainly distributed in the somatomotor network. We further learned that the acute mountain sickness group had lower levels of fALFF in the somatomotor network at high altitude, associated with smaller changes in CSF volume and higher Lake Louise Scoring, specifically relating to fatigue and clinical function. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that the somatomotor network function detected by sea-level resting-state fMRI was a crucial predictor for acute mountain sickness and further validated its pathophysiologic impact at high altitude. These findings show promise for pre-exposure prediction, particularly for individuals in need of rapid ascent, and they offer insight into the potential mechanism of acute mountain sickness.

EEG analysis in patients with schizophrenia based on microstate semantic modeling method.

Introduction: Microstate analysis enables the characterization of quasi-stable scalp potential fields on a sub-second timescale, preserving the temporal dynamics of EEG and spatial information of scalp potential distributions. Owing to its capacity to provide comprehensive pathological insights, it has been widely applied in the investigation of schizophrenia (SCZ). Nevertheless, previous research has primarily concentrated on differences in individual microstate temporal characteristics, neglecting potential distinctions in microstate semantic sequences and not fully considering the issue of the universality of microstate templates between SCZ patients and healthy individuals. Methods: This study introduced a microstate semantic modeling analysis method aimed at schizophrenia recognition. Firstly, microstate templates corresponding to both SCZ patients and healthy individuals were extracted from resting-state EEG data. The introduction of a dual-template strategy makes a difference in the quality of microstate sequences. Quality features of microstate sequences were then extracted from four dimensions: Correlation, Explanation, Residual, and Dispersion. Subsequently, the concept of microstate semantic features was proposed, decomposing the microstate sequence into continuous sub-sequences. Specific semantic sub-sequences were identified by comparing the time parameters of sub-sequences. Results: The SCZ recognition test was performed on the public dataset for both the quality features and semantic features of microstate sequences, yielding an impressive accuracy of 97.2%. Furthermore, cross-subject experimental validation was conducted, demonstrating that the method proposed in this paper achieves a recognition rate of 96.4% between different subjects. Discussion: This research offers valuable insights for the clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. In the future, further studies will seek to augment the sample size to enhance the effectiveness and reliability of this method.

An important issue of burnout among pre-hospital emergency medical personnel in Chengdu: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: This survey aims to comprehensively understand occupational burnout among pre-hospital emergency medical personnel and explore associated risk factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey using a census method was conducted between 15 July, 2023, and ends on 14 August, 2023, in Chengdu, SiChuan province, China. The questionnaire included general demographic information, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) with 15 items, and the Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14) with 14 items. Univariate analysis was conducted on all variables, followed by multivariate logistic regression models to examine the associations between occupational burnout and the risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 2,299 participants,99.57% completed the survey effectively The participants were from 166 medical institutions in Chengdu, comprising 1,420 nurses (61.50%) and 889 clinical doctors (38.50%). A total of 33.36% participants experienced burnout, predominantly mild (30.27%), followed by moderate (2.78%) and severe (0.3%). Physicians, higher fatigue scores, age, work experience appeared to be related to burnout. Logistic regression models revealed that individuals aged over 50 were less prone to experience burnout compared to medical staff aged 18-30 (OR: 0.269, 95% CI: 0.115-0.627, p = 0.002). Physicians were more prone to experience burnout compared to nursing staff (OR: 0.690, 95% CI: 0.531-0.898, p = 0.006). Those with 0-5 years of experience were more prone to experience burnout compared to those with 6-10 years or over 15 years of experience (OR: 0.734, 95% CI: 0.547-0.986, p = 0.040; OR: 0.559, 95% CI: 0.339-0.924, p = 0.023). Additionally, for each 1-point increase in the fatigue score, the likelihood of burnout in medical staff increased by 1.367 times (OR: 1.367, 95% CI: 1.323-1.412, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Pre-hospital emergency medical personnel demonstrate a notable prevalence of mild job burnout. These results provide a groundwork for future focus on the various stages of job burnout within pre-hospital emergency staff, alerting hospital and departmental managers to promptly address the mental well-being of their personnel and intervene as needed.

KAT7/HMGN1 signaling epigenetically induces tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A expression to ameliorate insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have revealed a correlation between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Insulin resistance in the brain is a common feature in patients with T2D and AD. KAT7 is a histone acetyltransferase that participates in the modulation of various genes. AIM: To determine the effects of KAT7 on insulin patients with AD. METHODS: APPswe/PS1-dE9 double-transgenic and db/db mice were used to mimic AD and diabetes, respectively. An in vitro model of AD was established by Aß stimulation. Insulin resistance was induced by chronic stimulation with high insulin levels. The expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) was assessed using immunofluorescence. The protein levels of MAP2, Aß, dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase-1A (DYRK1A), IRS-1, p-AKT, total AKT, p-GSK3ß, total GSK3ß, DYRK1A, and KAT7 were measured via western blotting. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and SOD activity was measured to determine cellular oxidative stress. Flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay were performed to evaluate neuronal cell death and proliferation, respectively. Relative RNA levels of KAT7 and DYRK1A were examined using quantitative PCR. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to detect H3K14ac in DYRK1A. RESULTS: KAT7 expression was suppressed in the AD mice. Overexpression of KAT7 decreased Aß accumulation and MAP2 expression in AD brains. KAT7 overexpression decreased ROS and MDA levels, elevated SOD activity in brain tissues and neurons, and simultaneously suppressed neuronal apoptosis. KAT7 upregulated levels of p-AKT and p-GSK3ß to alleviate insulin resistance, along with elevated expression of DYRK1A. KAT7 depletion suppressed DYRK1A expression and impaired H3K14ac of DYRK1A. HMGN1 overexpression recovered DYRK1A levels and reversed insulin resistance caused by KAT7 depletion. CONCLUSION: We determined that KAT7 overexpression recovered insulin sensitivity in AD by recruiting HMGN1 to enhance DYRK1A acetylation. Our findings suggest that KAT7 is a novel and promising therapeutic target for the resistance in AD.

Genome-wide sequencing reveals geographical variations in the thermal adaptation of an aquaculture species with frequent seedling introductions.

Climate change and human activity are essential factors affecting marine biodiversity and aquaculture, and understanding the impacts of human activities on the genetic structure to increasing high temperatures is crucial for sustainable aquaculture and marine biodiversity conservation. As a commercially important bivalve, the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is widely distributed along the coast of China, and it has been frequently introduced from Fujian Province, China, to other regions for aquaculture. In this study, we collected four populations of Manila clams from different areas to evaluate their thermal tolerance by measuring cardiac performance and genetic variations using whole-genome resequencing. The upper thermal limits of the clams showed high variations within and among populations. Different populations displayed divergent genetic compositions, and the admixed population was partly derived from the Zhangzhou population in Fujian Province, implying a complex genomic landscape under the influence of local genetic sources and human introductions. Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with the cardiac functional traits, and some of these SNPs can affect the codon usage and the structural stability of the resulting protein. This study shed light on the importance of establishing long-term ecological and genetic monitoring programs at the local level to enhance resilience to future climate change.

A novel two-dimensional Janus TiSiGeN4 monolayer with N vacancies for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen reduction.

The photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (pNRR) is a clean technology that converts H2O and N2 into NH3 under environmental conditions using inexhaustible sunlight. Herein, we designed a novel two-dimensional (2D) Janus TiSiGeN4 structure and evaluated the pNRR performance of the structure with the presence of nitrogen vacancies at different positions using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The intrinsic dipoles in the Janus TiSiGeN4 structure generate a built-in electric field, which promotes the migration of photogenerated electrons and holes towards the (001) and (00-1) surfaces, respectively, to achieve efficient charge separation. For the pNRR, the Si atoms exposed after the formation of top N vacancies can realize the efficient activation of N2 through the "acceptance-donation" mechanism, while the presence of middle N vacancies not only suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction, a competition reaction, but also lowers the reaction barrier for the protonation of N atoms. The limiting potential of TiSiGeN4 with the coexistence of both top and middle N vacancies (TiSiGeN4-VN-mt) is as low as -0.44 V. In addition, the introduction of N vacancies generates defect levels, narrowing the band gap and improving the light response. This work provides theoretical guidance for the design of efficient pNRR photocatalysts under mild conditions.

GLUT3 transcriptional activation by ZEB1 fuels the Warburg effect and promotes ovarian cancer progression.

Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is characterized by early metastasis and high mortality rates, underscoring the need for deeper understanding of these aspects. This study explores the role of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) driven by zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in OvCa progression and metastasis. Specifically, this study explored whether ZEB1 promotes glycolysis and assessed the potential involvement of GLUT3 in this process in OvCa cells. Our findings revealed that ZEB1 and GLUT3 were excessively expressed and closely correlated in OvCa. Mechanistically, ZEB1 activates the transcription of GLUT3 by binding to its promoter region. Increased expression of GLUT3 driven by ZEB1 dramatically enhances glycolysis, and thus fuels Warburg Effect to promote OvCa progression and metastasis. Consistently, elevated ZEB1 and GLUT3 expression in clinical OvCa is correlated with poor prognosis, reinforcing the profound contribution of ZEB1-GLUT3 axis to OvCa. These results suggest that activation of GLUT3 expression by ZEB1 is crucial for the proliferation and metastasis of OvCa via fueling glycolysis, shedding new light on OvCa treatment.

Enhancing Carrier Transport in 2D/3D Perovskite Heterostructures through Organic Cation Fluorination.

The interfacial 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures have attracted extensive attention due to their unique ability to combine the high stability of 2D perovskites with the remarkable efficiency of 3D perovskites. However, the carrier transport mechanism within the 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures remains unclear. In this study, the carrier transport dynamics in 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures through a variety of time-resolved spectroscopic measurements is systematically investigated. Time-resolved photoluminescence results reveal nanosecond hole transfer from the 3D to 2D perovskites, with enhanced efficiency through the introduction of fluorine atoms on the phenethylammonium (PEA) cation. Transient absorption measurements unveil the ultrafast picosecond electron and energy transfer from 2D to 3D perovskites. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the positioning of fluorination on the PEA cations effectively regulates the efficiency of charge and energy transfer within the heterostructures. These insightful findings shed light on the underlying carrier transport mechanism and underscore the critical role of cation fluorination in optimizing carrier transport within 2D/3D perovskite heterostructure-based devices.