Near telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies of two Chlorella species unveil the composition and evolution of centromeres in green algae.

BACKGROUND: Centromeres play a crucial and conserved role in cell division, although their composition and evolutionary history in green algae, the evolutionary ancestors of land plants, remains largely unknown. RESULTS: We constructed near telomere-to-telomere (T2T) assemblies for two Trebouxiophyceae species, Chlorella sorokiniana NS4-2 and Chlorella pyrenoidosa DBH, with chromosome numbers of 12 and 13, and genome sizes of 58.11 Mb and 53.41 Mb, respectively. We identified and validated their centromere sequences using CENH3 ChIP-seq and found that, similar to humans and higher plants, the centromeric CENH3 signals of green algae display a pattern of hypomethylation. Interestingly, the centromeres of both species largely comprised transposable elements, although they differed significantly in their composition. Species within the Chlorella genus display a more diverse centromere composition, with major constituents including members of the LTR/Copia, LINE/L1, and LINE/RTEX families. This is in contrast to green algae including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Coccomyxa subellipsoidea, and Chromochloris zofingiensis, in which centromere composition instead has a pronounced single-element composition. Moreover, we observed significant differences in the composition and structure of centromeres among chromosomes with strong collinearity within the Chlorella genus, suggesting that centromeric sequence evolves more rapidly than sequence in non-centromeric regions. CONCLUSIONS: This study not only provides high-quality genome data for comparative genomics of green algae but gives insight into the composition and evolutionary history of centromeres in early plants, laying an important foundation for further research on their evolution.

Molecular detection and characterization of Coxiella burnetii in aborted samples of livestock in China.

Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of zoonotic Q fever. Animals are the natural reservoirs of C. burnetii, and domestic livestock represent the major sources of human infection. C. burnetii infection in pregnant females may causes abortion during late pregnancy, whereby massive shedding of C. burnetii with abortion products becomes aerosolized and persists in the environment. Therefore, monitoring and surveillance of this infection in livestock is important for the prevention of the C. burnetii transmission. Previous serological surveys have shown that C. burnetii infection is endemic in livestock in China. However, few data are available on the diagnosis of C. burnetii as a cause of abortion by molecular methods in livestock. To get a better understanding of the impact of C. burnetii infection on domestic livestock in China, a real-time PCR investigation was carried out on collected samples from different domestic livestock suffering abortion during 2021-2023. A total of 338 samples collected from eight herds of five livestock species were elected. The results showed that 223 (66 %) of the collected samples were positive for C. burnetii DNA using real-time PCR. For the aborted samples, 82 % (128/15) of sheep, 81 % (34/42) of goats, 44 % (15/34) of cattle, 69 % (18/26) of camels, and 50 % (17/34) of donkeys were positive for C. burnetii. Besides, 44 % (8/18) and 4 % (1/25) of asymptomatic individuals of sheep and donkey were also positive for C. burnetii. In addition, the positive samples were further confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the C. burnetii-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (icd) gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on specific gene fragments of icd genes revealed that the obtained sequences in this study were clustered into two different groups associated with different origin of hosts and geographic regions. This is the first report confirming that C. burnetii exists in aborted samples of sheep, goats, cattle, donkeys and camels in China. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the epidemiology of this pathogen in livestock as well as the potential risks to public health.

Viscosity measurement of molten alumina and zirconia using aerodynamic levitation, laser heating and droplet oscillation techniques.

Reliable thermophysical properties of core melt (corium) are essential for the accurate prediction of the severe accident progression in light water reactors. Zirconia is one of the most important materials in corium. Despite the high interest in the viscosity of molten zirconia, few experimental data have been reported due to its high melting temperature and high vapor pressure. In the present study, the viscosity of molten zirconia was measured using aerodynamic levitation, laser heating and droplet oscillation techniques. A material sample was levitated by argon gas flow in a conical nozzle and then melted into a droplet by laser beams. The initial quiescent droplet was forced to oscillate by the excitation of a loudspeaker, and the viscosity was deduced based on the characteristics of the droplet damped oscillation after the loudspeaker was turned off. The viscosity of molten alumina was first measured for verification of the measurement system. Afterwards the viscosity of molten zirconia was measured. The results showed that the viscosity of molten zirconia at melting temperature (2988K) was 12.87 ± 1.03 mPa s and decreased with increasing temperature. The measurement uncertainties are within 21 %.

Synergistic Interplay of Dual-Active-Sites on Metallic Ni-MOFs Loaded with Pt for Thermal-Photocatalytic Conversion of Atmospheric CO2 under Infrared Light Irradiation.

Infrared light driven photocatalytic reduction of atmospheric CO2 is challenging due to the ultralow concentration of CO2 (0.04 %) and the low energy of infrared light. Herein, we develop a metallic nickel-based metal-organic framework loaded with Pt (Pt/Ni-MOF), which shows excellent activity for thermal-photocatalytic conversion of atmospheric CO2 with H2 even under infrared light irradiation. The open Ni sites are beneficial to capture and activate atmospheric CO2 , while the photogenerated electrons dominate H2 dissociation on the Pt sites. Simultaneously, thermal energy results in spilling of the dissociated H2 to Ni sites, where the adsorbed CO2 is thermally reduced to CO and CH4 . The synergistic interplay of dual-active-sites renders Pt/Ni-MOF a record efficiency of 9.57 % at 940 nm for converting atmospheric CO2 , enables the procurement of CO2 to be independent of the emission sources, and improves the energy efficiency for trace CO2 conversion by eliminating the capture media regeneration and molecular CO2 release.

Effect of waiting time on patient satisfaction in outpatient: An empirical investigation.

This study aimed to identify the effect of waiting time on patient satisfaction and the relationship between different types of waiting time. The questionnaire contained 2 parts. The first part included questions about expected waiting time (EWT), reasonable waiting time, tolerance waiting time, and basic personal information. The second part included perceived waiting time (PWT) and satisfaction evaluation. The actual waiting time (AWT) was recorded by the worker. Linear regression was used to analyze the influence of waiting time on satisfaction. Before data collection, this study was approved by the hospital's health ethics committee. In total, 323 questionnaires were collected, of which 292 (90.4%) were valid. The EWT, tolerance waiting time, rational waiting time, and PWT had a significant effect on patient satisfaction (P = .006, P = .043, P = .009, P = .000), whereas AWT had no significant effect on satisfaction (P = .365). The difference between the EWT and AWT had a significant effect on satisfaction (P = .000), while the difference between the PWT and AWT had a significant effect on satisfaction (P = .000). Age, educational background, gender, appointment, and hospital visit experience had no significant effect on patient satisfaction (P = .105, P = .443, P = .260, P = .352, P = .461, respectively). Patient satisfaction with waiting time was not directly affected by AWT, but by subjective waiting times. Furthermore, objective waiting time affects patient satisfaction through the subjective waiting time. Therefore, hospital managers can improve service quality by focusing on adjusting a patient's subjective waiting time while reducing the objective waiting time.

Identification of a c-type heme oxygenase and its function during acclimation of cyanobacteria to nitrogen fluctuations.

The mechanisms of acclimating to a nitrogen-fluctuating environment are necessary for the survival of aquatic cyanobacteria in their natural habitats, but our understanding is still far from complete. Here, the synthesis of phycobiliprotein is confirmed to be much earlier than that of photosystem components during recovery from nitrogen chlorosis and an unknown protein Ssr1698 is discovered to be involved in this synthetic process. The unknown protein is further identified as a c-type heme oxygenase (cHO) in tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway and catalyzes the opening of heme ring to form biliverdin IXα, which is required for phycobilin production and ensuing phycobiliprotein synthesis. In addition, the cHO-dependent phycobiliprotein is found to be vital for the growth of cyanobacterial cells during chlorosis and regreening through its nitrogen-storage and light-harvesting functions, respectively. Collectively, the cHO expressed preferentially during recovery from nitrogen chlorosis is identified in photosynthetic organisms and the dual function of this enzyme-dependent phycobiliprotein is proposed to be an important mechanism for acclimation of aquatic cyanobacteria to a nitrogen-fluctuating environment.

Microalgae-material hybrid for enhanced photosynthetic energy conversion: a promising path towards carbon neutrality.

Photosynthetic energy conversion for high-energy chemicals generation is one of the most viable solutions in the quest for sustainable energy towards carbon neutrality. Microalgae are fascinating photosynthetic organisms, which can directly convert solar energy into chemical energy and electrical energy. However, microalgal photosynthetic energy has not yet been applied on a large scale due to the limitation of their own characteristics. Researchers have been inspired to couple microalgae with synthetic materials via biomimetic assembly and the resulting microalgae-material hybrids have become more robust and even perform new functions. In the past decade, great progress has been made in microalgae-material hybrids, such as photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation, photosynthetic hydrogen production, photoelectrochemical energy conversion and even biochemical energy conversion for biomedical therapy. The microalgae-material hybrid offers opportunities to promote artificially enhanced photosynthesis research and synchronously inspires investigation of biotic-abiotic interface manipulation. This review summarizes current construction methods of microalgae-material hybrids and highlights their implication in energy and health. Moreover, we discuss the current problems and future challenges for microalgae-material hybrids and the outlook for their development and applications. This review will provide inspiration for the rational design of the microalgae-based semi-natural biohybrid and further promote the disciplinary fusion of material science and biological science.

Dark-Light Tandem Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde over SrBi2Ta2O9 Nanosheets.

Formaldehyde (HCHO), as one of the main indoor toxic pollutions, presents a great threat to human health. Hence, it is imperative to efficiently remove HCHO and create a good indoor living environment for people. Herein, a layered perovskite material SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT), was studied for the first time and exhibited superior photocatalytic efficiency and stability compared to commercial TiO2 (P25). Furthermore, a unique dark-light tandem catalytic mechanism was constructed. In the dark reaction stage, HCHO (Lewis base) site was adsorbed on the terminal (Bi2O2)2+ layer (Lewis acid) site of SBT in the form of Lewis acid-base complexation and was gradually oxidized to CO32- intermediate (HCHO → DOM (dioxymethylene) → HCOO- → CO32-). Then, in the light reaction stage, CO32- was completely converted into CO2 and H2O (CO32- → CO2). Our study contributes to a thorough comprehension of the photocatalytic oxidation of HCHO and points out its potential for day-night continuous work applications in a natural environment.

How to adjust the expected waiting time to improve patient's satisfaction?

BACKGROUND: Long waiting time in hospital leads to patient's low satisfaction. In addition to reducing the actual waiting time (AWT), we can also improve satisfaction by adjusting the expected waiting time (EWT). Then how much can the EWT be adjusted to attribute a higher satisfaction? METHODS: This study was conducted though experimental with hypothetical scenarios. A total of 303 patients who were treated by the same doctor from August 2021 to April 2022 voluntarily participated in this study. The patients were randomly divided into six groups: a control group (n = 52) and five experimental groups (n = 245). In the control group, the patients were asked their satisfaction degree regarding a communicated EWT (T0) and AWT (Ta) under a hypothetical situation. In the experimental groups, in addition to the same T0 and Ta as the control group, the patients were also asked about their satisfaction degree with the extended communicated EWT (T1). Patients in five experimental groups were given T1 values with 70, 80, 90, 100, and 110 min respectively. Patients in both control and experiment groups were asked to indicate their initial EWT, after given unfavorable information (UI) in a hypothetical situation, the experiment groups were asked to indicate their extended EWT. Each participant only participated in filling out one hypothetical scenario. 297 valid hypothetical scenarios were obtained from the 303 hypothetical scenarios given. RESULTS: The experimental groups had significant differences between the initial indicated EWT and extended indicated EWT under the effect of UI (20 [10, 30] vs. 30 [10, 50], Z = -4.086, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in gender, age, education level and hospital visit history (χ2 = 3.198, P = 0.270; χ2 = 2.177, P = 0.903; χ2 = 3.988, P = 0.678; χ2 = 3.979, P = 0.264) in extended indicated EWT. As for patient's satisfaction, compared with the control group, significant differences were found when T1 = 80 min (χ2 = 13.511, P = 0.004), T1 = 90 min (χ2 = 12.207, P = 0.007) and T1 = 100 min (χ2 = 12.941, P = 0.005). When T1 = 90 min, which is equal to the Ta, 69.4% (34/49) of the patients felt "very satisfied", this proportion is not only significantly higher than that of the control group (34/ 49 vs. 19/52, χ2 = 10.916, P = 0.001), but also the highest among all groups. When T1 = 100 min (10 min longer than Ta), 62.5% (30/48) of the patients felt "very satisfied", it is significantly higher than that of the control group (30/ 48 vs. 19/52, χ2 = 6.732, P = 0.009). When T1 = 80 min (10 min shorter than Ta), 64.8% (35/54) of the patients felt "satisfied", it is significantly higher than that of the control group (35/ 54 vs. 17/52, χ2 = 10.938, P = 0.001). However, no significant difference was found when T1 = 70 min (χ2 = 7.747, P = 0.052) and T1 = 110 min (χ2 = 4.382, P = 0.223). CONCLUSIONS: Providing UI prompts can extend the EWT. When the extended EWT is closer to the AWT, the patient's satisfaction level can be improved higher. Therefore, medical institutions can adjust the EWT of patient's through UI release according to the AWT of hospitals to improve patient's satisfaction.

Novel Insights into the Contribution of Cyclic Electron Flow to Cotton Bracts in Response to High Light.

Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF-PSI) is shown to be an important protective mechanism to photosynthesis in cotton leaves. However, it is still unclear how CEF-PSI is regulated in non-foliar green photosynthetic tissues such as bracts. In order to learn more about the regulatory function of photoprotection in bracts, we investigated the CEF-PSI attributes in Yunnan 1 cotton genotypes (Gossypium bar-badense L.) between leaves and bracts. Our findings demonstrated that cotton bracts possessed PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5)-mediated and the choroplastic NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH)-mediated CEF-PSI by the same mechanism as leaves, albeit at a lower rate than in leaves. The ATP synthase activity of bracts was also lower, while the proton gradient across thylakoid membrane (ΔpH), rate of synthesis of zeaxanthin, and heat dissipation were higher than those of the leaves. These results imply that cotton leaves under high light conditions primarily depend on CEF to activate ATP synthase and optimize ATP/NADPH. In contrast, bracts mainly protect photosynthesis by establishing a ΔpH through CEF to stimulate the heat dissipation process.

Using Untargeted LC-MS Metabolomics to Identify the Association of Biomarkers in Cattle Feces with Marbling Standard Longissimus Lumborum.

Background: To improve the grade of beef marbling has great economic value in the cattle industry since marbling has the traits of high quality and comprehensive nutrition. And because of the marbling's importance and complexity, it is indispensable to explore marbled beef at multiple levels. This experiment studied the relationship between fecal metabolites and marbling characters, and further screened biomarkers. Results: We performed fecal metabolomics analysis on 30 individuals selected from 100 crossbreed cattle (Luxi Yellow cattle ♀ × Japanese Wagyu cattle ♂), 15 with an extremely high-grade marbling beef and 15 with an extremely low-grade marbling beef. A total of 9959 and 8389 m/z features were detected in positive ionization and negative ionization mode by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Unfortunately, the sample separation in the PCA is not obvious, and the predictive ability of the orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) model is not good. However, we got six differential metabolites filtered by VIP > 1 and p < 0.05. After that, we used weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and found out a module in each positive and negative mode most related to the trait of marbling beef, and then identified three metabolites in positive mode. By further annotation of the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), it was found that these metabolites involved a variety of metabolic ways, including sphingomyelin metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and so on. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the predictability of metabolites, and the result showed that SM(d18:0/16:1(9Z)) (AUC = 0.72), PC(15:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) (AUC = 0.72), ADP (AUC = 0.71), PC(16:0/16:0) (AUC = 0.73), and 3-O-Sulfogalactosylceramide (d18:1/18:0) (AUC = 0.69) have an accuracy diagnosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study supports new opinions for the successive evaluation of marbling beef through metabolites. Furthermore, six non-invasive fecal metabolites that can evaluate beef marbling grade were found, including SM(d18:0/16:1(9Z)), PC(15:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)), ADP, PC(16:0/16:0), and 3-O-Sulfogalactosylceramide.

A Naked-Eye Visual Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Sharp Color Changes for Potential Pen-Side Test of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus.

Visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is qualified to be applied in the field to detect pathogens due to its simplicity, rapidity and cost saving. However, the color changes in currently reported visual reverse transcription LAMP (RT-LAMP) for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) detection are not so obvious to the naked eye, so interpretation of results is troublesome. In this study, a new naked-eye visual RT-LAMP to detect all seven distinct serotypes of FMDV was established based on the 3D genes by using pH-sensitive neutral red as the indicator, rendering a sharp contrast of color changes between the negative (light orange) and the positive (pink). Analytical sensitivity tests showed that the detection limit of the visual RT-LAMP was 104 copies/µL while those were 103 and 104 copies/µL for the RT-qPCR and conventional RT-PCR methods, respectively. Specificity tests proved that the established visual RT-LAMP assay had no cross-reactivity with other common livestock viruses. Furthermore, the analysis of 59 clinical samples showed 98.31% and 100% concordance with the RT-qPCR and the RT-PCR, respectively. The pan-serotypic FMD visual RT-LAMP assay could be suitable for a pen-side test of all seven serotypes of FMDV because the results could be easily distinguished by the naked eye without the requirement of complicated instruments and professional technicians. Hence, the novel method may have a promising prospect in field tests which exert an important role in monitoring, preventing, and controlling FMD, especially in regions with no PCR or qPCR instrument available.

Genome-Wide Insights Into the Organelle Translocation of Photosynthetic NDH-1 Genes During Evolution.

Translocation of chloroplast-located genes to mitochondria or nucleus is considered to be a safety strategy that impedes mutation of photosynthetic genes and maintains their household function during evolution. The organelle translocation strategy is also developed in photosynthetic NDH-1 (pNDH-1) genes but its understanding is still far from complete. Here, we found that the mutation rate of the conserved pNDH-1 genes was gradually reduced but their selection pressure was maintained at a high level during evolution from cyanobacteria to angiosperm. By contrast, oxygenic photosynthesis-specific (OPS) pNDH-1 genes had an opposite trend, explaining the reason why they were transferred from the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-enriched chloroplast to the ROS-barren nucleus. Further, genome-wide sequence analysis supported the possibility that all conserved pNDH-1 genes lost in chloroplast genomes of Chlorophyceae and Pinaceae were transferred to the ROS-less mitochondrial genome as deduced from their truncated pNDH-1 gene fragments. Collectively, we propose that the organelle translocation strategy of pNDH-1 genes during evolution is necessary to maintain the function of the pNDH-1 complex as an important antioxidant mechanism for efficient photosynthesis.

The Navigation of Mobile Robot in the Indoor Dynamic Unknown Environment Based on Decision Tree Algorithm.

This study proposes an optimized algorithm for the navigation of the mobile robot in the indoor and dynamic unknown environment based on the decision tree algorithm. Firstly, the error of the yaw value outputted from IMU sensor fusion module is analyzed in the indoor environment; then, the adaptive FAST SLAM is proposed to optimize the yaw value from the odometer; in the next, a decision tree algorithm is applied which predicts the correct moving direction of the mobile robot through the outputted yaw value from the IMU sensor fusion module and adaptive FAST SLAM of the odometer data in the indoor and dynamic environment; the following is the navigation algorithm proposed for the mobile robot in the dynamic and unknown environment; finally, a real mobile robot is designed to verify the proposed algorithm.The final result shows the proposed algorithms are valid and effective.

Alkali-Induced In Situ Formation of Amorphous NixFe1-x(OH)2 from a Linear [M3(COO)6]-Based MOF Template for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting.

Amorphous and bifunctional electrocatalysts based on 3d transition metals tend to exhibit better performance than their crystalline counterparts and are a promising choice for efficient overall water splitting yet far from being well explored. A 3,6-net metal-organic framework (MOF) of [Ni3(bpt)2(DMF)2(H2O)2]·1.5DMF (Ni-MOF), based on linear [Ni3(COO)6] as a node and [1,1'-biphenyl]-3,4',5-tricarboxylic acid (H3bpt) as a linker, was conveniently prepared via a hydrothermal reaction. Benefitting from the wide compatibility of the octahedral coordination geometry in Ni-MOF for different 3d metal ions, the molecular level and controllable metal doping facilitates the production of the desired Ni/Fe bimetallic MOF. A high-concentration alkali solution of 1 M KOH induced the in situ transformation of the MOF as a precursor to new amorphous electrocatalysts of [Ni(OH)2(H2O)0.6]·H2O [a-Ni(OH)2] and its metal-doped derivatives of a-Ni0.77Fe0.23(OH)2 and a-Ni0.65Fe0.35(OH)2. In particular, the costly organic ligand H3bpt was fully dissolved in the alkaline solution and can be recovered for cyclic utilization by subsequent acidification. The obtained amorphous hydroxide was deduced to be loose and defective layers containing both coordinated and lattice water based on combined characterizations of TG, IR, Raman, XPS, and sorption analysis. As opposed to the crystalline counterpart of Ni(OH)2 with stacked packing layers and an absent lattice water, the abundant catalytic active sites of the amorphous electrocatalyst endow good performance in both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The bifunctional a-Ni0.65Fe0.35(OH)2 coated on nickel foam realizes small overpotentials of 247 and 99 mV for OER and HER, respectively, under a current density of 10 mA cm-2, which can work with a cell voltage of merely 1.60 V for overall water splitting. This study provides an efficient strategy for widely screening and preparing new functional amorphous materials for electrocatalytic application.

New insights into the effect of NdhO levels on cyanobacterial cell death triggered by high temperature.

NdhO, a regulatory oxygenic photosynthesis-specific subunit, is close to the ferredoxin-binding site of cyanobacterial NDH-1, and its levels are negatively associated with the rates of cyclic electron transfer around PSI mediated by NDH-1 (NDH-CET). However, the effect of NdhO levels on cyanobacterial cell death triggered by high temperature remains elusive. Here, our results uncovered a synergistic effect of NdhO levels on the cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation when cyanobacterial cells grown at 30°C for 1 day were transferred to 45°C for 2 days. Such synergistic effect was found to be closely associated with the activities of NDH-CET and CO2 assimilation during high temperature. Collectively, we propose that the effect of NdhO levels on the cyanobacterial cell bleaching and cell death triggered by high temperature is a result of influencing production of ROS by NDH-CET, which is considered to be vital to balance the ATP/NADPH ratio and improve the Calvin-Benson cycle.

An approach to MCGDM based on multi-granulation Pythagorean fuzzy rough set over two universes and its application to medical decision problem.

Exploring efficiency approaches to solve the problems of decision making under uncertainty is a mainstream direction. This article explores the rough approximation of the uncertainty information with Pythagorean fuzzy information on multi-granularity space over two universes combined with grey relational analysis. Based on grey relational analysis, we present a new approach to calculate the relative degree or the attribute weight with Pythagorean fuzzy set and give a new descriptions for membership degree and non-membership. Then, this paper proposes a multi-granulation rough sets combined with Pythagorean fuzzy set, including optimistic multi-granulation Pythagorean fuzzy rough set, pessimistic multi-granulation Pythagorean fuzzy rough set and variable precision Pythagorean fuzzy rough set. Several basic properties for the established models are investigated in detail. Meanwhile, we present an approach to solving the multiple-criteria group decision making problems with fuzzy information based on the proposed model. Eventually, a case study of psychological evaluation of health care workers in COVID-19 show the principle of the established model and is utilized to verify the availability. The main contributions have three aspects. The first contribution of an approach of calculating the attribute weight is presented based on Grey Relational Analysis and gives a new perspective for the Pythagorean fuzzy set. Then, this paper proposes a mutli-granulation rough set model with Pythagorean fuzzy set over two universes. Finally, we apply the proposed model to solving the psychological evaluation problems.

miR-124 promotes apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of vessel endothelial cells through P38/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, making it a potential mechanism of vessel endothelial injury in acute myocardial infarction.

Due to its rapid onset and high rates of fatality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has long been one of the most fatal diseases among all types of heart diseases. Therefore, intensive research efforts have been focused on understanding AMI's potential pathogenesis to seek effective treatment options. In the present study, 20 peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with AMI, after which reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis revealed that microRNA (miR)-124 levels in the peripheral blood of patients with AMI was significantly elevated compared with that in the control group. In vitro, a model using pcDNA3.1-miR-124 transfected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) indicated that overexpression of miR-124 could significantly promote the apoptosis and suppress the proliferation of HUVECs using flow cytometry, TUNEL assay and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Based on the present findings, RNA samples of HUVECs overexpressing miR-124 was extracted and sequenced to explore the gene expression profile after miR-124 overexpression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis revealed that the downregulated genes were mainly enriched in signaling pathways, such as PI3K-AKT, whilst the upregulated genes were mainly enriched in metabolism-related signaling pathways, such as the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathway. Additionally, Rideogram software was used to determine the chromosomal localization of the differentially expressed genes. The results demonstrated that they were distributed on all chromosomes except for chromosome Y. In addition, characteristic profiles of the differentially expressed genes caused by miR-124 overexpression were analyzed using Connectivity Map. In total, two medicines, anisomycin and sanguinarine, which function as p38/MAPK signaling agonists that can inhibit angiogenesis, presented with the highest enrichment scores. Together with the GSEA results, which indicated that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the angiogenesis-inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, the present study reported that high expression of miR-124 was negatively associated with patients with AMI, promoting the apoptosis and suppressing the proliferation of vessel endothelial cells.

Na2CO3-responsive Photosynthetic and ROS Scavenging Mechanisms in Chloroplasts of Alkaligrass Revealed by Phosphoproteomics.

Alkali-salinity exerts severe osmotic, ionic, and high-pH stresses to plants. To understand the alkali-salinity responsive mechanisms underlying photosynthetic modulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, physiological and diverse quantitative proteomics analyses of alkaligrass (Puccinellia tenuiflora) under Na2CO3 stress were conducted. In addition, Western blot, real-time PCR, and transgenic techniques were applied to validate the proteomic results and test the functions of the Na2CO3-responsive proteins. A total of 104 and 102 Na2CO3-responsive proteins were identified in leaves and chloroplasts, respectively. In addition, 84 Na2CO3-responsive phosphoproteins were identified, including 56 new phosphorylation sites in 56 phosphoproteins from chloroplasts, which are crucial for the regulation of photosynthesis, ion transport, signal transduction, and energy homeostasis. A full-length PtFBA encoding an alkaligrass chloroplastic fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) was overexpressed in wild-type cells of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803, leading to enhanced Na2CO3 tolerance. All these results indicate that thermal dissipation, state transition, cyclic electron transport, photorespiration, repair of photosystem (PS) II, PSI activity, and ROS homeostasis were altered in response to Na2CO3 stress, which help to improve our understanding of the Na2CO3-responsive mechanisms in halophytes.