Prevalence of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Tracheal Mucus and Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy in Competitive Draft Pulling Horses.

Respiratory disease is common in the horse population and is often associated with poor performance in equine athletes. Despite their outstanding strength and aerobic capacity, little regard is given to draft horses and the respiratory disorders they may encounter when performing athletic activity. For this reason, the objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the prevalence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), tracheal mucus (TM) and recurrent laryngeal hemiplegia (RLH) in a population of competitive draft pulling horses, and (2) to determine if there was an association between horse weight, height, age, amount pulled, or competition placing with EIPH, TM or RLH in draft pullers. Results of this study identified EIPH in 26% of the study population, RLH in 32% and TM in 82% of participating horses; however, no risk factors were identified for the development of these problems in draft pulling horses.

Horse Housing on Prince Edward Island, Canada: Attitudes and Experiences Related to Keeping Horses Outdoors and in Groups.

Limited research has assessed the "human dimension" of horse care. The aims of this study were to (1) understand horse owner attitudes toward horse welfare when kept outdoors versus indoors and in groups versus individually, (2) compare horse owner attitudes toward horse welfare with the ways in which they house their horses, and (3) explore horse owner reasons for and challenges with their horses' housing. Seventy-six horse owners in Prince Edward Island, Canada completed a questionnaire. Non-parametric tests and quantitative content analysis were used for data analysis. Consistent with the way horses were kept, most (82-96%) owners agreed that horses' physical health, mental well-being, and natural living were better when kept outdoors and in groups. Fewer (64-68%) participants agreed that the horses' standard of care was better when kept outdoors or in groups. Results show associations between owners whose attitudes suggest indoor and/or individual housing is better for horse welfare and keeping their horses indoors part-time and/or individually. Two overarching themes were developed from owners' responses regarding their reasons and challenges related to the ways in which horses were housed: horse-centered and owner-centered care. The results indicate that horse owners' choices about their horses' housing correspond to beliefs about improved horse welfare.

Retrospective review of atrial fibrillation in Standardbred racehorses at a tertiary care facility in Atlantic Canada.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most clinically relevant cardiac arrhythmia identified in the Standardbred racehorse. However, there is limited literature regarding athletic ability in Standardbred racehorses following AF conversion. To investigate this issue, the objectives of this review were to: i) determine the success rate in using quinidine sulphate to treat AF in a population of hospitalized equine patients in Atlantic Canada between January 2008 and December 2019; and ii) measure return to athletic ability (using racetrack earnings and top-3 finishes) following cardioversion with quinidine sulphate in a population of Standardbred racehorses. Overall, 73% (16/22) of AF instances in this study were successfully treated with enteral quinidine sulphate. No significant difference was detected in racetrack earnings or number of top-3 finishes for each horse that raced at least 5 times pre- and post-conversion. Key clinical message: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published review to assess the athletic ability of Standardbred racehorses following cardioversion with enteral quinidine sulphate. Based on the current information, it does not appear that treatment of AF with quinidine sulphate affects future athletic performance in horses that achieved cardioversion.

Examen rétrospectif de la fibrillation auriculaire chez des chevaux de course Standardbred dans un établissement de soins tertiaires au Canada Atlantique. La fibrillation auriculaire (FA) est l'arythmie cardiaque la plus cliniquement pertinente identifiée chez le cheval de course Standardbred. Cependant, il existe peu de littérature concernant la capacité athlétique des chevaux de course Standardbred après la conversion de l'FA. Pour étudier cette question, les objectifs de cette revue étaient de : i) déterminer le taux de réussite de l'utilisation du sulfate de quinidine pour traiter la FA dans une population de patients équins hospitalisés au Canada Atlantique entre janvier 2008 et décembre 2019; et ii) mesurer le retour à la capacité athlétique (en utilisant les gains en hippodrome et les trois premiers résultats) après une cardioversion avec du sulfate de quinidine dans une population de chevaux de course Standardbred. Dans l'ensemble, 73 % (16/22) des cas de FA dans cette étude ont été traités avec succès avec du sulfate de quinidine entérale. Aucune différence significative n'a été détectée dans les revenus de l'hippodrome ou le nombre de classements parmi les trois premiers pour chaque cheval ayant couru au moins cinq fois avant et après la conversion.Message clinique clé :À la connaissance des auteurs, il s'agit de la première revue publiée évaluant la capacité athlétique des chevaux de course Standardbred après une cardioversion avec sulfate de quinidine entérale. Sur la base des informations actuelles, il ne semble pas que le traitement de la FA avec du sulfate de quinidine affecte les performances sportives futures des chevaux ayant cardioversion réussie.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Case report: Aquarium palytoxin induced keratoconjunctivitis.

PURPOSE: This case report describes the therapeutic management of a 61-year-old male who experienced aquarium coral keratoconjunctivitis caused by exposure to palytoxin and provides an additional resource to raise awareness and treat patients with ocular exposure to palytoxin. OBSERVATIONS: A 61-year-old male inadvertently touched his left eye while cleaning an aquarium. Within 24 hours, pain, redness and visual blurring was noted. After 48 hours his best corrected visual acuity was measured at 20/25 on the right eye and 20/200 on the left. A thick mucopurulent discharge was present with associated conjunctival edema. The corneal epithelium was denuded centrally and inferiorly with subepithelial infiltrates peripherally. The patient was treated with topical moxifloxacin (0.5%) drops 6x/day and prednisolone acetate (1%) 4x/day. He was seen for follow up 48 hours later with a significant improvement in discomfort. Vision had improved to 20/60 with resolution of conjunctival edema, partial corneal epithelialization and reduced erythema. Cultures for culture and sensitivity returned as normal. The patient's steroid regime was gradually tapered during reassessments at four and ten days by which time the left eye acuity had returned to 20/25 with no symptoms. Therapy was discontinued with the exception of artificial tears. The patient continued to do well at his 42-day follow-up appointment with persistent corneal epithelialization, absence of infiltrates and a stable visual acuity of 20/25 in the affected eye. His local optometrist confirmed that the acuity was consistent with measurements obtained prior to the insult. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of moxifloxacin eye drops and prednisolone acetate eye drops were effective in treating the patient's aquarium coral keratoconjunctivitis as after being treated the patient regained his baseline visual acuity in the affected eye (best corrected visual acuity of 20/25). IMPORTANCE: Currently, there are only a handful of case-reports published on ocular exposure to palytoxin. This case report will add to the literature by providing an additional resource for health care providers, in the treatment of patients with ocular exposure to palytoxin and increasing awareness to this rare condition.

Health Care Students' Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence: Countrywide Survey in Canada.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic concept; it is increasingly being integrated into health care. As studies on attitudes toward AI have primarily focused on physicians, there is a need to assess the perspectives of students across health care disciplines to inform future curriculum development. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore and identify gaps in the knowledge that Canadian health care students have regarding AI, capture how health care students in different fields differ in their knowledge and perspectives on AI, and present student-identified ways that AI literacy may be incorporated into the health care curriculum. METHODS: The survey was developed from a narrative literature review of topics in attitudinal surveys on AI. The final survey comprised 15 items, including multiple-choice questions, pick-group-rank questions, 11-point Likert scale items, slider scale questions, and narrative questions. We used snowball and convenience sampling methods by distributing an email with a description and a link to the web-based survey to representatives from 18 Canadian schools. RESULTS: A total of 2167 students across 10 different health professions from 18 universities across Canada responded to the survey. Overall, 78.77% (1707/2167) predicted that AI technology would affect their careers within the coming decade and 74.5% (1595/2167) reported a positive outlook toward the emerging role of AI in their respective fields. Attitudes toward AI varied by discipline. Students, even those opposed to AI, identified the need to incorporate a basic understanding of AI into their curricula. CONCLUSIONS: We performed a nationwide survey of health care students across 10 different health professions in Canada. The findings would inform student-identified topics within AI and their preferred delivery formats, which would advance education across different health care professions.

Musculoskeletal injuries in Standardbred racehorses on Prince Edward Island.

A study of musculoskeletal injuries in Standardbred racehorses on Prince Edward Island was conducted to determine the incidence and risk factors for injury. Monthly information was collected from 10 trainers and 153 Standardbred horses over a 12-month period. Seventeen new injuries were identified in pacers, representing a horse level incidence risk of 23% and an incidence rate of injury of 2.19 per horse-month at risk. Forty-one percent of the injuries occurred during a race, 53% during training and 6% during jogging. Fourteen horses had experienced a previous injury and 3 of these horses experienced a new injury during the study period. Potential risk factors for injury were the speed at which the horse was trained, previous injury, and the conformational fault of offset knees.

Blessures musculosquelettiques chez des chevaux de course Standardbred à l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard. Une étude des blessures musculosquelettiques chez des chevaux de course Standardbred à l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard a été menée pour déterminer l'incidence et les facteurs de risque de blessures. Des informations mensuelles ont été recueillies auprès de 10 entraîneurs et de 153 chevaux Standardbred sur une période de 12 mois. Dix-sept nouvelles blessures ont été identifiées chez les trotteurs, représentant un risque d'incidence au niveau du cheval de 23 % et un taux d'incidence de blessures de 2,19 par cheval-mois à risque. Quarante et un pour cent des blessures sont survenues pendant une course, 53 % pendant l'entraînement et 6 % pendant le jogging. Quatorze chevaux avaient déjà subi une blessure et trois de ces chevaux ont subi une nouvelle blessure au cours de la période d'étude. Les facteurs de risque potentiels de blessure étaient la vitesse à laquelle le cheval a été entraîné, les blessures antérieures et le défaut de conformation des genoux décalés.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Exploring Nursing Students' Experiences in the Anatomy Laboratory to Optimize Their Learning.

BACKGROUND: In medicine, dissecting human cadavers is vital for learning anatomy, developing professional skills, and fostering a relationship with the body. This opportunity has received little pedagogical attention in nursing. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of nursing students in the human anatomy laboratory to inform strategies that may be implemented to optimize learning. METHOD: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to analyze reflective assignments completed by undergraduate and graduate nursing students following participation in a required session in the human cadaver anatomy laboratory. RESULTS: Overall, 168 assignments were included in the analysis. Three themes were identified: Coping With the Initial Shock, Reflecting on the Salience of Death and Dying, and Acknowledging Impacts on Future Practice. CONCLUSION: The students' reflections support the integration of a human anatomy laboratory session into the nursing curriculum and inform strategies to foster learning and development. [J Nurs Educ. 2021;60(4):221-224.].

Compliance with the Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Equines on 50 horse farms in Prince Edward Island.

The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of horse farms on Prince Edward Island, Canada that comply with the requirements of the Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Equines (Code). An investigator performed on-farm assessments while administering a questionnaire to owners of 50 horse farms. The percentage of farms in compliance with specific requirements in the Code ranged from 20% to 100% per requirement. The largest areas of non-compliance regarding facilities and housing were the lack of the ability to segregate sick or injured animals and the lack of an emergency action plan. It was determined that 72% of farms were in compliance with body condition scores and 54% reported to have taken corrective action when required. Farm owners who were aware of the Code were more likely to have good quality air in their barns as well as an emergency action plan in place.

L'objectif de la présente étude était de déterminer la proportion de fermes équines sur l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard, Canada qui se conforme aux exigences du Code de pratiques pour les soins et la manipulation des chevaux (Code). Un enquêteur effectua des évaluations à la ferme tout en procédant à un questionnaire auprès des propriétaires de 50 fermes équines. Le pourcentage de fermes en conformité avec des exigences spécifiques du Code variait de 20 % à 100 % selon l'exigence. Les secteurs les plus importants de nonconformité en regard des facilités et de logement étaient l'absence de la capacité à isoler les animaux malades ou blessés et l'absence d'un plan d'action d'urgence. Il fut déterminé que 72 % des fermes étaient en conformité pour les pointages d'état de chair et 54 % rapportèrent d'avoir pris les actions correctives lorsque requises. Les propriétaires de ferme qui étaient au courant du Code étaient plus susceptibles d'avoir un air de bonne qualité dans leurs fermes ainsi qu'un plan d'action d'urgence en place.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

The COVID-19 crisis silver lining: interprofessional education to guide future innovation.

Globally, the advent and rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus has created significant disruption to health professions education and practice, and consequently interprofessional education, leading to a model of learning and practicing where much is unknown. Key questions for this ongoing evolution emerge for the global context leading to reflections on future directions for the interprofessional education field and its role in shaping future practice models. Health professions programs around the world have made a dramatic shift to virtual learning platforms in response to closures of academic institutions and restrictions imposed on learners accessing practice settings. Telemedicine, slow to become established in many countries to date, has also revolutionized practice in the current environment. Within the state of disruption and rapid change is the awareness of a silver lining that provides an opportunity for future growth. Key topics explored in this commentary include reflection on the application of existing competency frameworks, consideration of typology of team structures, reconsideration of theoretical underpinnings, revisiting of core dimensions of education, adaptation of interprofessional education activities, and the role in the future pandemic planning. As an international community of educators and researchers, the authors consider current observations relevant to interprofessional education and practice contexts and suggest a response from scholarship voices across the globe. The current pandemic offers a unique opportunity for educators, practitioners, and researchers to retain what has served interprofessional education and practice well in the past, break from what has not worked as well, and begin to imagine the new.

The Educational Terrain of Preparing Registered Nurses to Prescribe: An Environmental Scan.

Expanded nursing roles are being explored in Canada as a means to better support the health of the population, enable access to quality care and contribute to the sustainability of the healthcare system. As Canada embarks on a process of developing and implementing registered nurse (RN) prescribing roles, gathering evidence from jurisdictions with established nurse prescribing is helpful to inform policy development. Of particular interest is literature from the UK, with more than 20 years of experience with nurse prescribing, which identifies the importance of completing graduate pharmacological education and building on existing clinical knowledge and experience. Similar models of RN prescribing education have been adopted in New Zealand and Ireland. Within Canada, the RN prescribing role is still in its infancy, and there is some variation among provinces in the approach to prescribing practices and in RN prescribing education. This paper describes the results of an environmental scan that sought to explore the educational practices of national and international jurisdictions through published and grey literature sources. Findings from this environmental scan will support nurse leaders as they develop RN prescribing regulation and education in Canada and will highlight important areas for further knowledge development.

Demographic Factors Associated with Prince Edward Island Horse Farm Owner Awareness of the Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Equines.

The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of owners of horse farms in Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada that were aware of the Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Equines (CODE) and determine demographic factors associated with awareness. A questionnaire was completed by owners at fifty horse farms. In total, 38% of the farm owners were unaware of the CODE, 48% were aware, but were not familiar with its content and only 14% used the CODE when making decisions on caring for their horses. Owners of private stables were more aware of the CODE than owners of boarding stables. The CODE awareness varied between the three PEI counties and was weakly associated with the number of horses owned by the farm owner. These results will be used to direct educational efforts and further research into CODE awareness and compliance for horses in PEI.

Promoting recruitment by rebranding the image of nursing.

Understanding the factors that can influence people to pursue a career in nursing is essential for healthcare service managers, human resource professionals and nurse educators, particularly given the global shortage of nurses. There is evidence that the public perception of nursing can be negatively influenced by the media and nursing recruitment advertisements, and that this can discourage some people from choosing nursing as a career. At the Dalhousie University in Canada, evidence regarding the career choices of prospective nurses was used to inform a rebranding strategy for the School of Nursing's recruitment materials. The aim of the rebranding strategy was to present the School of Nursing as a diverse institution that provided a range of career opportunities for its nursing students. This article describes the background and implementation of the rebranding project. It also details how the university's evidence-based rebranding strategy was designed to positively influence people to choose nursing as a career.

Malignant Mesothelioma of the Vaginal Tunic and Peritoneum in a Young Stallion.

Mesothelioma is a rare malignancy in horses. This report describes a case in which marked hemoperitoneum, moderate anemia, and moderate dependent edema were the presenting clinical signs in a 2-year-old Standardbred stallion with mesothelioma of the vaginal tunic. On necropsy, approximately 40 L of dark red fluid distended the abdomen. A dark red mass infiltrated and effaced the right pampiniform plexus, and red nodular masses were present multifocally on the parietal and visceral peritoneal surfaces. Histopathologically, the masses were composed of malignant spindle cells with a sarcomatoid appearance. Using immunohistochemistry, tumor cells were cytokeratin and vimentin positive and factor VIII-related antigen negative: compatible with a diagnosis of mesothelioma. This is the first report of mesothelioma arising from the vaginal tunic of a horse with subsequent spread to the peritoneum. This case adds additional information regarding the clinical presentation and behavior of mesothelioma originating from the vaginal tunic in horses.

Perspectives on the Need for a Nursing Entry-to-Practice Examination in Canada.

Whenever we approach a policy change or revision, it is important to consider the impact of mental models and path dependency on our ability to consider a full range of options. The need for an entry-to-practice (ETP) or pre-licensing nursing examination may well fit the description of an entrenched mental model that results in path dependency. In this commentary, the objectives and purpose of nursing ETP examinations are explored within Canadian historical context, jurisdictional comparisons are considered and questions raised that could inform a national discussion on why Canada may or may not need an ETP examination for nursing.

Bedside nurses' roles in discharge collaboration in general internal medicine: Disconnected, disempowered and devalued?

Collaboration among nurses and other healthcare professionals is needed for effective hospital discharge planning. However, interprofessional interactions and practices related to discharge vary within and across hospitals. These interactions are influenced by the ways in which healthcare professionals' roles are being shaped by hospital discharge priorities. This study explored the experience of bedside nurses' interprofessional collaboration in relation to discharge in a general medicine unit. An ethnographic approach was employed to obtain an in-depth insight into the perceptions and practices of nurses and other healthcare professionals regarding collaborative practices around discharge. Sixty-five hours of observations was undertaken, and 23 interviews were conducted with nurses and other healthcare professionals. According to our results, bedside nurses had limited engagement in interprofessional collaboration and discharge planning. This was apparent by bedside nurses' absence from morning rounds, one-way flow of information from rounds to the bedside nurses following rounds, and limited opportunities for interaction with other healthcare professionals and decision-making during the day. The disconnection, disempowerment and devaluing of bedside nurses in patient discharge planning has implications for quality of care and nursing work. Study findings are positioned within previous work on nurse-physician interactions and the current context of nursing care.

A scoping review of interprofessional education within Canadian nursing literature.

The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the nature of the interprofessional education (IPE) discussion that the Canadian nursing profession is having within the Canadian peer-reviewed nursing literature. An electronic database search of CINAHL was conducted using a modified Arksey & O'Malley scoping review framework. Peer-reviewed, English-language articles published in Canadian nursing journals from January 1981 to February 2016 were retrieved. Articles were included if they discussed IPE, or described an educational activity that met our conceptual definition of IPE. A total of 88 articles were screened, and 11 articles were eligible for analysis. Analysis revealed that this body of literature does not seem to be purposefully engaging Canadian nurses in a critical discourse about the role of IPE. The majority of articles located were reflective or commentaries. At the time of this review, there was a paucity of theoretically informed empirical research articles on IPE in the nursing literature. While IPE may be viewed by some critical scholars as a means of shifting the control of healthcare delivery traditionally held by medicine to other professions, our results suggest that this may not be the case in the Canadian nursing profession.