Esplenectomía laparoscópica y mano asistida / Laparoscopic splenectomy and hand assited

Antecedentes: Las publicaciones sobre esplenectomías laparoscópicas (EL) son poco frecuentes, y el número de pacientes limitado por la baja prevalencia de las esplenopatías que requieren tratamiento quirúrgico. Sin embargo para algunas que requieren la remoción del bazo, es considerada la técnica de elección. Objetivo: Evaluar la experiencia realizada en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, con las técnicas endoscópicas de remoción esplénica. Diseño: Descriptivo retrospectivo. Institución: Hospital de Comunidad. Servicio de Cirugía General. Población: Entre junio de 1995 y marzo de 2001 fueron realizadas esplenectomías laparoscópicas a 25 pacientes, 68 por ciento de sexo femenino con una edad promedio de 47 años (r:19-81). La patología subyacente fue: púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática (P.T.I) en 15, síndromes linfoproliferativos en 6, esferocitosis en 2, anemia hemolítica auto inmune en 1, esplenomegalia de causa no aclarada en 1. Métodos: Se utilizó la posición en decúbito lateral derecho, usando entre 3 y 4 trocares; el pedículo esplénico se ocluyó con clips y nudos intra o extra corpóreos. No se usaron suturas mecánicas. El bazo se colocó en una bolsa abdominal, extrayéndolo fragmentado por el ombligo. En la técnica mano asistida se utilizó el sistema Hand Port (Smith & Nephew), por el hipocondro derecho para la introducción de la mano no dominante del cirujano. Resultados: Se debió convertir en 3 casos (12 por ciento) por complicaciones hemorrágicas (2) y adherencias firmes al hígado (1). En el abordaje laparoscópico, el tiempo promedio de cirugía fue de 170 minutos (r:110-270), la internación promedio de 3 días (r:1-5), y el peso promedio del bazo de 300 gramos (r:59-500). En cinco casos se resecaron bazos accesorios. En el abordaje mano asistido (2 casos), el tiempo promedio de cirugía fue de 80 minutos, la internación promedio de 2,5 días (r:2-3), y el peso promedio del bazo de 1200 gramos (r:1150-1250). Tres pacientes (12 por ciento) presentaron complicaciones (1 neumotórax, 1 hematoma subfrénico, 1 absceso subfrénico todos de localización izquierda). Ninguno debió ser reoperado. En el seguimiento alejado 2 pacientes presentaron recurrencia de su enfermedad asociada a patología sistemática de base. Uno de ellos tenía un bazo accesorio que fue resecado por vía laparoscópica...

Esplenectomía laparoscópica y mano asistida / Laparoscopic splenectomy and hand assited

Antecedentes: Las publicaciones sobre esplenectomías laparoscópicas (EL) son poco frecuentes, y el número de pacientes limitado por la baja prevalencia de las esplenopatías que requieren tratamiento quirúrgico. Sin embargo para algunas que requieren la remoción del bazo, es considerada la técnica de elección. Objetivo: Evaluar la experiencia realizada en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, con las técnicas endoscópicas de remoción esplénica. Diseño: Descriptivo retrospectivo. Institución: Hospital de Comunidad. Servicio de Cirugía General. Población: Entre junio de 1995 y marzo de 2001 fueron realizadas esplenectomías laparoscópicas a 25 pacientes, 68 por ciento de sexo femenino con una edad promedio de 47 años (r:19-81). La patología subyacente fue: púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática (P.T.I) en 15, síndromes linfoproliferativos en 6, esferocitosis en 2, anemia hemolítica auto inmune en 1, esplenomegalia de causa no aclarada en 1. Métodos: Se utilizó la posición en decúbito lateral derecho, usando entre 3 y 4 trocares; el pedículo esplénico se ocluyó con clips y nudos intra o extra corpóreos. No se usaron suturas mecánicas. El bazo se colocó en una bolsa abdominal, extrayéndolo fragmentado por el ombligo. En la técnica mano asistida se utilizó el sistema Hand Port (Smith & Nephew), por el hipocondro derecho para la introducción de la mano no dominante del cirujano. Resultados: Se debió convertir en 3 casos (12 por ciento) por complicaciones hemorrágicas (2) y adherencias firmes al hígado (1). En el abordaje laparoscópico, el tiempo promedio de cirugía fue de 170 minutos (r:110-270), la internación promedio de 3 días (r:1-5), y el peso promedio del bazo de 300 gramos (r:59-500). En cinco casos se resecaron bazos accesorios. En el abordaje mano asistido (2 casos), el tiempo promedio de cirugía fue de 80 minutos, la internación promedio de 2,5 días (r:2-3), y el peso promedio del bazo de 1200 gramos (r:1150-1250). Tres pacientes (12 por ciento) presentaron complicaciones (1 neumotórax, 1 hematoma subfrénico, 1 absceso subfrénico todos de localización izquierda). Ninguno debió ser reoperado. En el seguimiento alejado 2 pacientes presentaron recurrencia de su enfermedad asociada a patología sistemática de base. Uno de ellos tenía un bazo accesorio que fue resecado por vía laparoscópica...(AU)

[Actuarial survival analysis of patients in dialysis]. / Analísis de supervivencia actuarial de pacientes en dialísis.

The survival rate of our end stage renal disease (ESRD) population was calculated by means of actuarial survival curves. A total of 167 patients undergoing hemodialysis or CAPD during the 1977-1991 period were studied. They had been treated and closely followed for at least three months. Mean age for starting dialysis was 40.6 +/- 17 years; 107 (64%) were males and 60 (36%) females. Glomerulonephritis (25%), diabetes (14%) and nephroangiosclerosis (12%) were the primary causes of ESRD. Survival rates were analysed by actuarial curves as designed by Kaplan and Meier. Statistical significance between curves was calculated with the Log Rank test. The level of significance considered was below 0.05. Multivariate analysis of survival was performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Survival rates were in all cases expressed for the 1 degree, 5 degree and 10 degree year. They were for the whole group of 89%, 63%, and 38% respectively. When analysed according to their age: those under 30 years; between 30 and 50 and over 50 years old (at time to start dialysis); survival rates were of 97%, 86%, and 81% for the first group; 89%, 66% and 29% for the second group, and 85%, 44%, and 10% for the third group. Significant differences were found between the first and second group (p < 0.025); the first and the third group (p < 0.001) and second and third group (p < 0.001) (Fig. 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analísis de supervivencia actuarial de pacientes en dialísis. / [Actuarial survival analysis of patients in dialysis]

The survival rate of our end stage renal disease (ESRD) population was calculated by means of actuarial survival curves. A total of 167 patients undergoing hemodialysis or CAPD during the 1977-1991 period were studied. They had been treated and closely followed for at least three months. Mean age for starting dialysis was 40.6 +/- 17 years; 107 (64

) were males and 60 (36

) females. Glomerulonephritis (25

), diabetes (14

) and nephroangiosclerosis (12

) were the primary causes of ESRD. Survival rates were analysed by actuarial curves as designed by Kaplan and Meier. Statistical significance between curves was calculated with the Log Rank test. The level of significance considered was below 0.05. Multivariate analysis of survival was performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Survival rates were in all cases expressed for the 1 degree, 5 degree and 10 degree year. They were for the whole group of 89

, 63

, and 38

respectively. When analysed according to their age: those under 30 years; between 30 and 50 and over 50 years old (at time to start dialysis); survival rates were of 97

, 86

, and 81

for the first group; 89

, 66

and 29

for the second group, and 85

, 44

, and 10

for the third group. Significant differences were found between the first and second group (p < 0.025); the first and the third group (p < 0.001) and second and third group (p < 0.001) (Fig. 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[The prevalence of anti-hepatitis virus C antibodies in chronic hemodialysis patients]. / Prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-hepatitis por virus C en hemodializados crónicos.

Liver involvement with a variety of viral diseases is a frequent finding in chronic renal failure patients on regular hemodialysis treatment. We evaluated the prevalence of IgG anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies (HVC) in our dialysis unit, looking for risk factors associated with seropositivity and we assessed the type and degree of liver involvement by means of a liver biopsy in those patients with biochemical abnormalities of liver function test. We studied 50 patients aged 13 to 77 years, and performed serial determinations of serum ALT (UI/L). IgG anti HVC was determined by a second generation ELISA Kit (Abbot). We retrieved information from chart review and patient interview, regarding: time on hemodialysis, number of blood transfusions and intravenous IV drug use off dialysis. Liver biopsy specimens were stained with H.E. and Masson and findings were classified as chronic persistent, chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis, according to Schewer. We compared the findings with those of other patients with liver dysfunction and positive IgG anti HVC who did not have renal failure. Anti-HVC prevalence in our hemodialysis patients was 44%. Anti-HVC seropositive hemodialysed (HD) patients were not different from seronegative HD patients, with regard to age, sex, i.v. drugs usage and peak ALT values. Twelve of 22 HVC positive patients had peak ALT values higher than 40 UI/L (Table 2). Time in HD (75.5 +/- 42.8 m) and number of blood transfusions received (35.3 +/- 28) were clearly different in HVC positive patients, compared to HVC negatives. Histologically, 11 seropositive patients showed chronic persistent hepatitis as the most frequent finding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-hepatitis por virus C en hemodializados crónicos. / [The prevalence of anti-hepatitis virus C antibodies in chronic hemodialysis patients]

Liver involvement with a variety of viral diseases is a frequent finding in chronic renal failure patients on regular hemodialysis treatment. We evaluated the prevalence of IgG anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies (HVC) in our dialysis unit, looking for risk factors associated with seropositivity and we assessed the type and degree of liver involvement by means of a liver biopsy in those patients with biochemical abnormalities of liver function test. We studied 50 patients aged 13 to 77 years, and performed serial determinations of serum ALT (UI/L). IgG anti HVC was determined by a second generation ELISA Kit (Abbot). We retrieved information from chart review and patient interview, regarding: time on hemodialysis, number of blood transfusions and intravenous IV drug use off dialysis. Liver biopsy specimens were stained with H.E. and Masson and findings were classified as chronic persistent, chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis, according to Schewer. We compared the findings with those of other patients with liver dysfunction and positive IgG anti HVC who did not have renal failure. Anti-HVC prevalence in our hemodialysis patients was 44

. Anti-HVC seropositive hemodialysed (HD) patients were not different from seronegative HD patients, with regard to age, sex, i.v. drugs usage and peak ALT values. Twelve of 22 HVC positive patients had peak ALT values higher than 40 UI/L (Table 2). Time in HD (75.5 +/- 42.8 m) and number of blood transfusions received (35.3 +/- 28) were clearly different in HVC positive patients, compared to HVC negatives. Histologically, 11 seropositive patients showed chronic persistent hepatitis as the most frequent finding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-hepatitis por virus C en hemodializados crónicos. / [The prevalence of anti-hepatitis virus C antibodies in chronic hemodialysis patients]

Liver involvement with a variety of viral diseases is a frequent finding in chronic renal failure patients on regular hemodialysis treatment. We evaluated the prevalence of IgG anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies (HVC) in our dialysis unit, looking for risk factors associated with seropositivity and we assessed the type and degree of liver involvement by means of a liver biopsy in those patients with biochemical abnormalities of liver function test. We studied 50 patients aged 13 to 77 years, and performed serial determinations of serum ALT (UI/L). IgG anti HVC was determined by a second generation ELISA Kit (Abbot). We retrieved information from chart review and patient interview, regarding: time on hemodialysis, number of blood transfusions and intravenous IV drug use off dialysis. Liver biopsy specimens were stained with H.E. and Masson and findings were classified as chronic persistent, chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis, according to Schewer. We compared the findings with those of other patients with liver dysfunction and positive IgG anti HVC who did not have renal failure. Anti-HVC prevalence in our hemodialysis patients was 44

. Anti-HVC seropositive hemodialysed (HD) patients were not different from seronegative HD patients, with regard to age, sex, i.v. drugs usage and peak ALT values. Twelve of 22 HVC positive patients had peak ALT values higher than 40 UI/L (Table 2). Time in HD (75.5 +/- 42.8 m) and number of blood transfusions received (35.3 +/- 28) were clearly different in HVC positive patients, compared to HVC negatives. Histologically, 11 seropositive patients showed chronic persistent hepatitis as the most frequent finding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)