Subject(s)
Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/economics , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Humans , Male , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Quality Control , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapyABSTRACT
The problem of lymphadenopathy in HIV-seropositive patients is reviewed, and indications for further study are presented. Implications for patients who later develop AIDS are discussed.
Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Complex/diagnosis , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Sjogren's Syndrome/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Complex/complications , AIDS-Related Complex/pathology , Biopsy, Needle , Diagnosis, Differential , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/pathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prognosis , Sjogren's Syndrome/complications , Sjogren's Syndrome/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Acute rheumatic heart disease (RHD) with Aschoff nodules and biventricular dilation was diagnosed at autopsy in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who died of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii. The relationship of acute RHD and human immunodeficiency virus-associated immune deficiency is discussed.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Myocardium/pathology , Rheumatic Heart Disease/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology , Adult , Autopsy , Heart Ventricles/pathology , Humans , Male , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/etiology , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/pathology , Rheumatic Heart Disease/pathologyABSTRACT
Profoundly immunoincompetent, patients with AIDS are vulnerable to myriad opportunistic bacterial, viral, protozoal, and fungal pathogens. Opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS are often severe, persistent, and relapsing despite appropriate therapy. Some infections are virtually untreatable. This article describes the mycotic complications in these patients.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Mycoses/complications , Opportunistic Infections/complications , Candidiasis/complications , Cryptococcosis/complications , Dermatomycoses/complications , Histoplasmosis/complications , HumansSubject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Military Medicine , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Opportunistic Infections/complications , Opportunistic Infections/pathology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology , Sexual Behavior , Time Factors , Transfusion Reaction , United StatesABSTRACT
Of the 1124 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients studied, one or more cutaneous lesions were found in 113 (98.3%) of the 115 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in 541 (53.6%) of 1009 patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC). Kaposi's sarcoma, multidermatomal, necrotic herpes zoster, and pruritic maculopapular rashes are common cutaneous manifestations of AIDS and its related complex (ARC) in Zambia. The maculopapular rash results from a lymphoplasmacytic angiitis in the dermis, possibly in response to the presence of HIV in the dermis. Candidiasis, severe genital herpes, extensive molluscum contagiosum, and tinea corporis were less frequent and usually refractory to treatment. Drug reactions are also frequent in Zambians with AIDS. In seven patients given streptomycin, thiacetazone, and rifampicin for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome occurred shortly after therapy was begun, and two died despite high-dose prednisone and discontinuance of tuberculosis therapy. Extensive seborrheic dermatitis refractory to topical fluorinated corticosteroids is also an associated condition in AIDS patients who have pulmonary tuberculosis.
PIP: Cutaneous manifestations of AIDS and AIDS-related complex were studied in a population of 1124 HIV seropositive patients at a hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. 115 of the patients had AIDS, and 1009 had AIDS-related complex. Drug eruptions occurred in 22 patients; 2 died of Stevens-Johnson syndrome subsequent to drug therapy for tuberculosis. The most frequently seen cutaneous manifestations were candidiasis, Kaposi's sarcoma, herpes zoster, seborrheic dermatitis, herpes genitalis, and papular dermatoses. The pruritic maculopapular eruption occurred in crops, healed, and recurred. It was one of the most unique dermatologic manifestations of AIDS found in Africa. Seborrheic dermatitis occurred frequently in patients who also had pulmonary tuberculosis.
