ABSTRACT
The use of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation has gained global attention since it reduces pressure on groundwater (GW) and surface water. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TWW on agronomic, photosynthetic, stomatal, and nutritional characteristics of barley plants. The experiment with barley was established on two bands: one band was irrigated with GW and the other with TWW. The evaluation was performed 25, 40, 60, 90, and 115 days after sowing (DAS). Results showed that irrigation with TWW increased (p < 0.01) grain yield by 54.3% and forage yield by 39.4% compared to GW irrigation. In addition, it increased plant height (PH) (p = 0.013), chlorophyll concentration index (CCI) (p = 0.006), and leaf area index (LAI) (p = 0.002). TWW also produced a positive effect (p < 0.05) in all the photosynthetic efficiency parameters evaluated. Barley plants irrigated with TWW had lower stomatal density (SD) and area (SA) (p < 0.001) than plants irrigated with GW. Plants irrigated with TWW had a higher P concentration (p < 0.05) in stems and roots and K concentration in leaves than plants irrigated with GW. We concluded that the use of TWW induced important biochemical, physiological, and agronomic changes in barley plants. Hence, the use of TWW may be a sustainable alternative for barley production in arid and semi-arid regions. This study was part of a government project, which aimed to develop a new metropolitan irrigation district with TWW. This study may contribute to the sustainability of water resources and agricultural practices in northern Mexico.
Subject(s)
Groundwater , Hordeum , Agricultural Irrigation , Agriculture/methods , Desert Climate , Wastewater/analysisABSTRACT
The development of switching converters to perform with the power processing of photovoltaic (PV) applications has been a topic receiving growing interest in recent years. This work presents a nonisolated buck-boost converter with a quadratic voltage conversion gain based on the I-IIA noncascading structure. The converter has a reduced component count and it is formed by a pair of L-C networks and two active switches, which are operated synchronously to achieve a wide conversion ratio and a quadratic dependence with the duty ratio. Additionally, the analysis using different sources and loads demonstrates the differences in the behavior of the converter, as well as the pertinence of including PV devices (current sources) into the analysis of new switching converter topologies for PV applications. In this work, the voltage conversion ratio, steady-state operating conditions and semiconductor stresses of the proposed converter are discussed in the context of PV applications. The operation of the converter in a PV scenario is verified by experimental results.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Drug abuse screening tests (DAST) are a useful tool in decision making regarding the planning and implementation of drug-related public health policies. In addition, they constitute a rapid way to obtain data on the effects of drug consumption in specific populations. Objective: To describe the correlation between drug abuse (per type of drug) and cognitive dysfunction prevalence based on the information reported in a DAST. Materials and methods: A DAST was administered to 1299 individuals from 5 cities in Baja California, Mexico. In addition, an internal consistency reliability test was conducted to determine the internal consistency level of the instrument. Results: Several correlations between the consumption of different drugs were found. The main associations were found between methamphetamine and marijuana consumption. In addition, a positive correlation between the age at first drug use and cognitive impairment was found. Conclusions: DAST are brief administration instruments that allow obtaining data on drug abuse and drug addiction patterns. In addition, they can be used to identify the interaction between the consumption patterns of different drugs and the possible association between age at first drug use and cognitive dysfunction.
Resumen Introducción. Los cuestionarios sobre consumo de drogas (CSCD) son útiles para tomar decisiones sobre la planeación e implementación de políticas de salud pública relacionadas con el consumo de estas sustancias. Asimismo, constituyen una forma rápida de obtener datos sobre los efectos de dicho consumo en poblaciones específicas. Objetivo. Describir la correlación entre abuso de drogas y la prevalencia de disfunción cognitiva reportada en un cuestionario sobre consumo de drogas. Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó un CSCD a 1 299 individuos de 5 ciudades del estado de Baja California, México. Asimismo, se realizó una prueba de confiabilidad de consistencia interna para determinar el nivel de consistencia interna del instrumento. Resultados. Se encontraron varias correlaciones entre el consumo de distintas drogas: las principales asociaciones se observaron para el consumo de metanfetaminas y marihuana. Además, se observó una correlación positiva entre la edad inicial de consumo y referir deterioro cognitivo. Conclusiones. El CSCD es un instrumento de administración rápida que permite obtener datos sobre el consumo y la adicción a las drogas. Además, es capaz de demostrar la interacción entre los patrones de consumo de distintas drogas, así como la posible relación entre la edad de inicio de consumo y la presencia de disfunción cognitiva.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We sought to determine the functional outcome of patients with grade 3 slipped capital femoral epiphysis who had been treated with in situ pinning at a mid-term follow-up. METHODS: One hundred and five patients with 129 slips (24 bilateral) were reviewed. Minimum follow-up was 5 years and mean follow-up was 66 months. Slips over 60 degrees were considered grade 3. All of the patients underwent in situ pinning with a single cannulated screw; the placement of the screw was evaluated with the criteria of Stambough. The final evaluation was performed using the Iowa Hip Score and results were analyzed by sex, age at time of diagnosis, and body mass index. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U-test considering a P value of less than 0.005 to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean Iowa Hip Score was 84.73. Fifty-two patients were considered to have an excellent result, 28 a good result, 16 a fair result, and 9 a bad result. The pin placement was considered adequate in 89 patients and inadequate in 16 patients. Forty-three patients were girls and 62 were boys and no statistical difference was found in function by sex. The mean Iowa Hip Score for patients under 12 years of age (n=20) was 85.8, for those between 12 and 15 years of age (n=69) it was 82.8 and for those over 15 years of age (n=16) it was 82.5 (P=0.003). There were 10 complications, all in the group in which the pin placement was considered inadequate, and all of these were considered fair or poor results. CONCLUSIONS: The functional results in the mid-term for patients with grade 3 slips treated with in situ pinning were generally good or excellent; a better result was found in patients below 12 years of age. A good or excellent result can be expected when pin placement is adequate and no complications arise.
Subject(s)
Bone Screws , Epiphyses, Slipped/surgery , Femur/pathology , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes diagnosticados con hemorragia subaracnoidea en el departamento de Estadística del Hospital de Niños Francisco de Ycaza Bustamante, durante el período comprendido entre 1998 a 1999, concluyendo de que es poco frecuente en niños y que es importante diagnosticarla oportunamente a través de la clínica y de los métodos de diagnóstico prescritos para esta enfermedad.En 2 años se presentaron 8 casos, con predominio en el sexo masculino. El medio diagnóstico más utilizado fue la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC).
We reviewed clinic histories from patients diagnosed with subarachnoideal hemorrhage at the statistical department of the Francisco de Ycaza Bustamante Hospital, between 1998 and 1999. We concluded that this entity has a low frequency in children and that its important to do an early diagnosis through clinic and diagnostic methods.In two years 8 patients were reported with male predominance. The most used diagnostic method was CAT-scan.
Subject(s)
Male , Adolescent , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Craniocerebral Trauma , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage , Hydrocephalus , Intracranial Aneurysm , Intracranial HypertensionABSTRACT
Cresce no mundo a utilização de medidas repetidas da pressão arterial ambulatorial e em domicílio na perspectiva de melhorar a acurácia diagnóstica e a avaliação da eficácia do tratamento medicamentoso. Não existem muitas dúvidas quanto ao valor dessas aferições. No entanto, ainda não estão bem estabelecidos o valor preditivo dessas medidas e os valores de normalidade. O Estudo PAMELA, que será comentado, identifica os valores da MAPA e das medidas domiciliares que correspondem às cifras de 140/90 mmHg, usadas como referência para as medidas casuais e que estão associadas a dados de morbidade e mortalidade. Os dados do Estudo PAMELA sugerem que os valores máximos de normalidade para pressões sistólica e diastólica na MAPA e nas medidas domiciliares de pressão estejam entre 120-130 mmHg e 75-81 mmHg, respectivamente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Arterial Pressure , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory/methods , Hypertension/prevention & control , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Foram avaliados 234 pacientes com os mais diversos diagnósticos em cardiologia, onde o componente ansiedade tinha relevante participaçäo nos sinais e sintomas apresentados por estes pacientes. Utilizou-se o lorazepam como única droga ansiolítica, sendo as avaliaçöes clínicas realizadas antes do ínicio do tratamento, e duas e quatro semanas após. A análise estatística dos resultados obtidos revelou reduçäo significante dos sinais e sintomas apresentados no pré-tratamento, com o uso do lorazepam. A tolerabilidade da droga nas doses utilizadas foi boa. Os resultados do presente trabalho, analisados conjuntamente com os conhecimentos disponíveis sobre a farmacologia de lorazepam, atestam agrande utilidade da droga em cardiologia
Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy , Heart Diseases/psychology , Lorazepam/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Presentamos el caso de un niño de 11 años de edad con hidrocefalia a quien se instaló sistema derivativo ventrículo-auricular V-A) y presentó como complicación ruptura de porción del catéter distal, con alojamiento en cavidades cardiacas derechas. Desarolló endocarditis bacteriana que se resolvió con tratamiento médico; para una cura definitiva se debió extraer el catéter no radio-opaco quirúrgicamente. La localización del catéter intracardiaco se realizó con ecocardiografía bidimensional
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Cardiac Catheterization/adverse effects , Foreign Bodies/complications , Endocarditis, Bacterial/etiology , Hydrocephalus/surgery , Thoracic Surgery/adverse effects , Foreign Bodies/diagnosis , Echocardiography , MexicoABSTRACT
Reportamos un caso de granuloma coccidioidal con compresión de la médula espinal en un niño de ocho años con síndrome de Down. Este paciente fue tratado inicialmente como granuloma tuberculoso basados en el estudio histopatológico de un espécimen quirúrgico del área afectada, la cual reportó tejido granulomatoso inespecífico. No se encontró ninguna otra área de infección coccidioidal
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Coccidioidomycosis/complications , Spinal Cord Compression/etiology , GranulomaABSTRACT
Uma nova técnica para correçäo de origem anômala da artéria coronária esquerda da pulmonar é descrita. Consiste na confecçäo de un túnel transpulmonar, entre a aorta e o orifício coronário anômalo, utilizando um retalho da parede anterior da artéria pulmonar e parede posterior da artéria pulmonar. É apresentado o estudo hemodinâmico, pré e pós-operatório, de um caso operado por esta técnica