The Effects of Sex and Strain on Pneumocystis murina Fungal Burdens in Mice.

Many preclinical studies of infectious diseases have neglected experimental designs that evaluate potential differences related to sex with a concomitant over-reliance on male model systems. Hence, the NIH implemented a monitoring system for sex inclusion in preclinical studies. METHODS: Per this mandate, we examined the lung burdens of Pneumocystis murina infection in three mouse strains in both male and female animals at early, mid, and late time points. RESULTS: Females in each strain had higher infection burdens compared to males at the later time points. CONCLUSION: Females should be included in experimental models studying Pneumocystis spp.