ABSTRACT
Antecedentes y objetivo: El riesgo de meningitis bacteriana aumenta en los pacientes con implante coclear. Por ello, se indica la vacunación antineumocócica, antigripal y frente a Haemophilus influenzae tipo b en este grupo. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer el cumplimiento del calendario vacunal en los pacientes implantados en un hospital de referencia. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron los pacientes con implante coclear intervenidos entre 2005 y 2015. Se evaluaron las coberturas vacunales frente a gripe estacional, Haemophilus influenzae tipo b, neumococo conjugada de 13 serotipos y neumococo polisacárida de 23 serotipos. Se dividió la muestra en 2 grupos por edad (< 14 años y ≥ 14 años). Se realizó un análisis univariante y bivariante. Resultados: De los 153 pacientes estudiados (28,01% 0-13 años y 71,9% ≥ 14), solo 2 (5,71%) tuvieron un 100% de adherencia al calendario vacunal, mientras que el 65,71% registró un cumplimiento del 50% o menor. Globalmente, la cobertura de vacunación frente a la pauta secuencial de neumococo fue del 48,57%. La población pediátrica superó el 90% de cobertura para la vacuna frente a Haemophilus influenzae tipo b y neumococo conjugada de 13 serotipos, mientras que en los mayores de 14 años apenas superó el 50%. La cobertura frente a gripe estacional fue inferior al 40%. Se obtuvo una correlación inversa entre la edad y el cumplimiento, aunque no estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones. Las coberturas de vacunación en los pacientes con implante coclear evaluados son más bajas de lo esperado. Se propone la colaboración estrecha entre los servicios de Otorrinolaringología y las Unidades de Vacunas como principal estrategia para la mejora
Background and objective: The risk of bacterial meningitis increases in cochlear implant patients. Therefore, pneumococcal, influenza and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination is indicated in this group. The aim of this study was to determine compliance with the vaccination calendar in patients implanted in a referral hospital. Materials and methods: Patients with cochlear implant operated between 2005 and 2015 were included. Vaccine coverage for seasonal influenza, Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal conjugate 13-serotypes and pneumococcal polysaccharide 23-serotypes was evaluated. The sample was divided into 2 age groups (< 14 years and ≥ 14 years). A univariate and bivariate analysis was performed. Results: Of the 153 patients studied (28.01% 0-13 years old and 71.9% ≥ 14), only 2 (5.71%) had 100% adherence to the vaccination schedule, while 65.71% had compliance of 50% or less. Overall, vaccination coverage against the sequential pneumococcal pattern was 48.57%. The paediatric population exceeded 90% coverage for the vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal conjugate 13-serotypes while in those over 14 years of age it barely exceeded 50%. Influenza coverage was less than 40%. An inverse correlation was obtained between age and compliance, although not statistically significant. Conclusions: Vaccination coverage in patients with cochlear implant is lower than expected. Close collaboration between Otolaryngology departments and the Vaccination Units is proposed as the main strategy for improvement
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Vaccination Coverage , Cochlear Implants , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Patient Compliance , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Meningitis/immunology , Meningitis/prevention & control , Cross-Sectional Studies , 51352ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The risk of bacterial meningitis increases in cochlear implant patients. Therefore, pneumococcal, influenza and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination is indicated in this group. The aim of this study was to determine compliance with the vaccination calendar in patients implanted in a referral hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with cochlear implant operated between 2005 and 2015 were included. Vaccine coverage for seasonal influenza, Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal conjugate 13-serotypes and pneumococcal polysaccharide 23-serotypes was evaluated. The sample was divided into 2 age groups (<14 years and≥14 years). A univariate and bivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: Of the 153 patients studied (28.01% 0-13 years old and 71.9%≥14), only 2 (5.71%) had 100% adherence to the vaccination schedule, while 65.71% had compliance of 50% or less. Overall, vaccination coverage against the sequential pneumococcal pattern was 48.57%. The paediatric population exceeded 90% coverage for the vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal conjugate 13-serotypes while in those over 14 years of age it barely exceeded 50%. Influenza coverage was less than 40%. An inverse correlation was obtained between age and compliance, although not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination coverage in patients with cochlear implant is lower than expected. Close collaboration between Otolaryngology departments and the Vaccination Units is proposed as the main strategy for improvement.
Subject(s)
Cochlear Implants , Meningitis, Bacterial/prevention & control , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Cochlear Implantation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Susceptibility , Haemophilus Vaccines , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Influenza Vaccines , Middle Aged , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Spain , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Immunization rates among medicine and nursing students -and among health professional in general- during hospital training are low. It is necessary to investigate the causes for these low immunization rates. The objective of this study was to design and validate a questionnaire for exploring the attitudes and behaviours of medicine and nursing students toward immunization of vaccine-preventable diseases. METHODS: An instrument validation study. The sample included 646 nursing and medicine students at University of Oviedo, Spain. It was a non-ramdom sampling. After the content validation process, a 24-item questionnaire was designed to assess attitudes and behaviours/behavioural intentions. Reliability (ordinal alpha), internal validity (exploratory factor analysis by parellel analysis), ANOVA and mediational model tests were performed. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors which accounted for 48.8% of total variance. Ordinal alpha for the total score was 0.92. Differences were observed across academic years in the dimensions of attitudes (F5.447=3.728) and knowledge (F5.448=65.59), but not in behaviours/behavioural intentions (F5.461=1.680). Attitudes demonstrated to be a moderating variable of knowledge and attitudes/behavioural attitudes (Indirect effect B=0.15; SD=0.3; 95% CI:0.09-0.19). CONCLUSIONS: We developed a questionnaie based on sufficient evidence of reliability and internal validity. Scores on attitudes and knowledge increase with the academic year. Attitudes act as a moderating variable between knowledge and behaviours/behavioural intentions.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Students, Medical/psychology , Students, Nursing/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Vaccination/psychology , Female , Humans , Intention , Male , Reproducibility of Results , Spain , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Young AdultABSTRACT
Fundamentos: Las tasas de vacunación en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud que realizan prácticas en los contextos hospitalarios son bajas, al igual que en el colectivo sanitario en general, y es necesario explorar sus causas. El objetivo principal fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario para conocer las actitudes y las conductas de los estudiantes de medicina y enfermería sobre la vacunación de enfermedades inmunoprevenibles. Métodos: La muestra se compuso de 646 alumnos/as de medicina y enfermería de la Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias. El muestreo fue de tipo incidental. Tras un proceso de validación de contenido, se diseñó un cuestionario con 24 ítems que englobaba actitudes y conductas/intenciones de conductas. Se realizaron análisis de fiabilidad (alfa ordinal) y validez interna (análisis factorial exploratorio mediante el método de análisis paralelo), además de ANOVAS y un modelo mediacional. Resultados: El análisis factorial exploratorio arrojó una solución de 2 factores que explicó el 48,8% de la varianza total. El alfa ordinal para la puntuación total fue 0,92. Hubo diferencias según el curso en las dimensiones de actitudes (F5,447=3,728;p<0,003) y de conocimientos (F5,448=65,59;p<0,001) pero no en las conductas/intenciones de conductas (F5,461=1,680;p<0,138). Las actitudes fueron una variable moduladora entre los conocimientos y las conductas/intenciones de conductas (B efecto indirecto=0,15; SE=0,3; IC95% :0,09-0,19). Conclusiones: Se dispone de un cuestionario con suficiente fiabilidad y validez interna. Las puntuaciones en actitudes y conocimientos son mayores según el curso. Las actitudes actúan como variable moduladora entre los conocimientos y las conductas/intenciones de conductas (AU)
Background: Immunization rates among medicine and nursing students -and among health professional in general- during hospital training are low. It is necessary to investigate the causes for these low immunization rates. The objective of this study was to design and validate a questionnaire for exploring the attitudes and behaviours of medicine and nursing students toward immunization of vaccine-preventable diseases. Methods: An instrument validation study. The sample included 646 nursing and medicine students at University of Oviedo, Spain. It was a non-ramdom sampling. After the content validation process, a 24-item questionnaire was designed to assess attitudes and behaviours/behavioural intentions. Reliability (ordinal alpha), internal validity (exploratory factor analysis by parellel analysis), ANOVA and mediational model tests were performed. Results: Exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors which accounted for 48.8% of total variance. Ordinal alpha for the total score was 0.92. Differences were observed across academic years in the dimensions of attitudes (F5.447=3.728;p<0.003) and knowledge (F5.448=65.59;p<0.001), but not in behaviours/behavioural intentions (F5.461=1.680;p<0.138). Attitudes demonstrated to be a moderating variable of knowledge and attitudes/ behavioural attitudes (Indirect effect B=0.15; SD=0.3; 95% CI:0.09-0.19). Conclusions: We developed a questionnaie based on sufficient evidence of reliability and internal validity. Scores on attitudes and knowledge increase with the academic year. Attitudes act as a moderating variable between knowledge and behaviours/behavioural intentions (AU)
