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1.
Ren Fail ; 28(8): 671-6, 2006.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17162425

ABSTRACT

The experience of the Republic of Cuba regarding epidemiological studies, integral medical care, and strategies for the prevention of chronic kidney disease is summarized in this report. Cuba has a National Program for Chronic Renal Disease, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation. There is a national nephrology net, integrated by the Institute of Nephrology as the coordinator center, that has 47 nephrology services with a hemodialysis unit (24 of them with peritoneal dialysis unit), 9 transplantation centers, 33 organ procurement hospitals, and 5 histocompatibility laboratories. In 2004, the incidence rate in dialysis patients was 111 pmp, and the prevalence rate was 149 pmp, demonstrating an increasing mean of 17.0% and 10.0% per year, respectively. Renal transplantation rate was 16.6 pmp. The detection, registration, and follow-up of patients with chronic kidney disease (serum creatinine > or =1.5 mg/dL or glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min) by family doctors was 9,761 patients, 0.87 patients per 1,000 inhabitants. In the 1980s, three population-based screening studies were performed to define the burden of chronic renal failure in different regions of Cuba. The prevalence rate was 1.1, 3.3, and 3.5 per 1,000 inhabitants, respectively. At present, another three population-based screening studies are ongoing in order to detect the chronic kidney disease in earliest stages. The continuing medical education activities have been very useful in raising the awareness of medical doctors and the basic health staff about the threats posed by and the strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat chronic kidney disease.


Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Primary Prevention/methods , Cuba/epidemiology , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/standards , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/trends , Education, Medical, Continuing , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/prevention & control , Kidney Transplantation/standards , Kidney Transplantation/trends , Mass Screening/standards , Mass Screening/trends , Nephrology/education , Nephrology/standards , Prevalence , Renal Dialysis/standards , Renal Dialysis/trends , Risk Factors
2.
Kidney Int Suppl ; (97): S4-10, 2005 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16014098

ABSTRACT

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a major health problem in the world, including Cuba. There is an increasing trend in both the incidence and prevalence of ESRD. Global projections consistently show an increase of patients in maintenance dialysis, and also an epidemic trend in diabetes mellitus and hypertension, two diseases that are leading causes of ESRD in most countries. A new paradigm is necessary to handle this major health problem, such as a public health model that integrates health promotion and disease prevention. In 1996, the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba launched a national program for the prevention of chronic renal failure (CRF). The progressive implementation of this program follows several steps: the analysis of the resources and health situation in the country; epidemiological research to define the burden of CRF; continuing education for nephrologists, family doctors, and other health professionals; and reorientation of primary health care toward increased nephrology services, intervention, and surveillance. The main outcomes of the program have been: a rational redistribution of nephrology services in corresponding health areas of primary health care; nephrologists being brought closer to the community; an improvement in the knowledge and ability of family doctors and nephrologists in the prevention of chronic renal disease; an increase in the number of patients with CRF (serum creatinine > or = 133 micromol/L or > or = 1.5 mg/dL, or a glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min) who are registered in primary health care every year, from a prevalence of 0.59 per 1,000 inhabitants at the beginning of the program in 1996 to 0.92 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2002, with a mean prevalence growth of 9.2% per year; a significant reduction (0.1%) in the incidence of viral hepatitis B in dialysis patients after the implementation of vaccination against viral hepatitis B in CRF patients who are registered in primary health care; and the implementation of CRF surveillance in primary health care, which provides periodic information on CRF burden, patterns, and trends to assist evidence-based public-health decision making, and measures the impact of interventions in the population. Primary health care is an essential tool, and the community is an appropriate social space for health promotion and the prevention of CRF and ESRD.


Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/prevention & control , Primary Health Care , Cuba/epidemiology , Health Promotion , Health Resources , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/economics , Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology , Life Style
3.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 20(2): 125-9, mar.-abr. 1981. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-15413

ABSTRACT

Se realiza un análisis comparativo entre la supervivencia funcional de riñones trasplantados y las transfusiones sanguíneas recibidas por los receptores antes del injerto. Se estudia un grupo homogéneo de primeros trasplantes realizados, en el Instituto de Nefrología de Ciudad de La Habana, y en los cuales no se realizó selección según la capacidad de respuesta inmunológica del receptor. Los resultados del estudio señalan la influencia beneficiosa de las transfusiones sanguíneas en la evolución del trasplante renal(AU)


Subject(s)
Blood Transfusion , Kidney Transplantation
4.
Rev. cuba. med ; 19(6): 595-600, nov.-dic. 1980. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-12106

ABSTRACT

Se estudian 106 casos de trasplante renal primario con riñones de cadáver realizados en el Instituto de Nefrología de La Habana entre febrero de 1970 y julio de 1975. El rechazo agudo se presentó en 178 ocasiones en esta serie y el 62 porciento del total ocurrió en los primeros dos meses. En el análisis de los episodios de rechazo agudo se observa que aquéllos que ocurren en los primeros 30 días repercuten desfavorablemente en la supervivencia funcional del trasplante, aunque se consideren solamente, aquellos rechazos con buena respuesta al tratamiento. Este y otros factores que impliquen un mal pronóstico funcional del riñón trasplantado deben ser valorados antes de someter al paciente a los riesgos de un tratamiento inmunodepresor enérgico(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Graft Rejection , Kidney Transplantation
6.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 12(4-6): 443-9, jul.-dic. 1973. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-11342

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un caso de estenosis de la arteria renal simulando un rechazo refractario al tratamiento habitual. Se hace diagnóstico por arteriografía y biopsia renal. Se demuestra la estenosis. Se realiza resección del segmento estonosado y nueva anastomosis terminolateral. Se recuperó la función renal rápida y totalmente (AU)


Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Renal Artery Obstruction/surgery , Angiography , Biopsy
7.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 12(4-6): 435-41, jul.-dic. 1973. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-11341

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el estudio de una serie de 61 trasplante renales de donantes cadáveres. Se observa que 5 pacientes hicieron fístula urinaria, y que las 2 únicas fístulas piélicas tuvieron como expresión clínica más resaltante la acumulación de orina en cavidad abdominal simulando ascitis. Se observó en ambos casos oliguria y retención nitrogenada sin proteinuria ni fiebre. Se plantea que los exámenes complementarios no establecieron un diagnóstico definitivo, pero la acumulación de orina en cavidad abdominal simulando ascitis, esclareció el mismo. Se demostró hidronefrosis por estenosis ureteral. A los dos pacientes se les realizó una ureteropielostomía con el uréter propio; y la función renal actual es excelente, con desaparición de la pielocaliectasia (AU)


Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Urinary Fistula/surgery
8.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 12(4-6): 425- 33, jul.-dic. 1973. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-11340

ABSTRACT

Se presenta la experiencia de los estudios de trasplante renal del Instituto de Nefrología de La Habana en un período de 25 meses. Se plantea que esta investigación fue de gran utilidad en el posoperatorio inmediato para establecer el diagnóstico entre obstrucción vascular, necrosis tubular aguda y rechazo agudo precoz, y en evolución más tardía, para el estudio de la hipertensión arterial y algunos casos de rechazo. Se describen 12 diversas patologías agrupadas en vasculares puras, perenquimatovasculares y urológicas. Se detallan las lesiones encontradas en nuestra casuística en los casos de rechazo, hipertensión arterial y lesiones de vías excretoras (AU)


Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Angiography
9.
Rev. cuba. med ; 12(4-5-6): 443-452, jul.-dic. 1973. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-26014

ABSTRACT

Se informa que en un período de 5 años, entre diciembre de 1967 y diciembre de 1972, ingresaron en el instituto de Nefrología, 9 casos de glomerulonefritis rápidamente progresiva ( no estreptocócica ), los cuales fueron analizados en los aspectos fundamentales de su comportamiento clínico y humoral. Se realizó una valoración semicuantitativa de las lesiones histológicas observadas en la muestra de tejido renal, obtenidas por punción percutánea, nefrectomía o necropsia. Se analizaron los resultados de la terapéutica con drogas inmunosupresoras y anticoagulantes en 2 casos, y los del transplante renal realizados en 3(AU)


Subject(s)
Glomerulonephritis , Histology , Nephrostomy, Percutaneous , Histological Techniques
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