Effectiveness of the third wave cognitive behavior therapy for peripartum depression treatment-A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the effectiveness of third-wave cognitive behavior therapies in the treatment of peripartum depression. METHOD: A systematic review of the effectiveness of psychological interventions in treating peripartum depression focus on the Third Wave has been conducted. The electronic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Clinical Trials were searched, using a combination of different search terms. Data were independently extracted by two authors and a synthesis of the results was offered. Methodological quality was assessed by three authors, using ROBE-2 and MINORS. Search date was conducted in February 2022 and the search was re-run in November 2022 for new entries. FINDINGS: Six papers were included and reported, focused on, the effectiveness of Third Wave approach interventions in reducing depressive symptoms. Papers included the following intervention approaches: Behavioral intervention (n = 2), Mindfulness (n = 2), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (n = 1) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (n = 1). All six papers were consistent in that interventions lead to a decrease in depression symptoms. However, risk of bias evaluation showed that all were critical low, but one paper was high quality. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH: Systematic review showed that third-wave approaches are promising in effectiveness to reduce depression symptoms in peripartum women. However, more high-quality studies with follow-up are needed.

In vitro activity of kombucha tea ethyl acetate fraction against Malassezia species isolated from seborrhoeic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic and recurrent superficial dermatitis in which Malassezia species play an important role. There are different Malassezia species, which have been recently reported to be resistant to common antifungals. Natural sources can be useful alternatives to reduce the emergence of this resistance. Kombucha tea is believed to have potential antimicrobial properties. Regarding this, the present study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of Kombucha tea ethyl acetate fraction (KEAF) against Malassezia species obtained from the patients with seborrheic dermatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 23 clinical isolates were identified by direct microscopic examination and Tween assimilation, and then confirmed by DNA sequencing of ITS regions for Malassezia species. Kombucha tea was fractionated using ethyl acetate (1:2 v/v). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) microdilution assay was used to evaluate the anti-Malssezia activity of KEAF at three concentrations of 10, 40, and 80 mg/mL. RESULTS: The results of the DNA sequence analysis indicated that M. furfur (39.13%) was the predominant species, followed by M. globosa (30.43%), M. sloofie (13.04%), M. sympodialis (13.04%), and M. restricta (4.34%), respectively. Furthermore, KEAF showed inhibitory activity against Malassezia species. Accordingly, KEAF had the lowest and highest MIC value against M. sloofie and M. restricta, respectively. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the extract was equivalent to that of ketoconazole at 4.8 µg/mL. CONCLUSION: The findings of the current study highlighted the antifungal properties of KEAF. Therefore, this extract can be promoted as complementary medicine for the treatment of the infections caused by Malassezia.

Disopyramide anticholinergic action.

The effect of disopyramide on cholinergic transmission has been studied using the frog isolated abdominis rectus preparation and the guinea pig isolated vas deferens hypogastric nerve preparation. Disopyramide (2 X 10(-5) mol litre-1) reduced the response of the abdominis rectus to carbachol (1.36 X 10(-6)--4.8 X 10(-5) mol litre-1). Furthermore, disopyramide (1 X 10(-6)--3 X 10(-4) mol litre-1) produced a concentration-dependent reduction in the response to carbachol (5.46 X 10(-6) mol litre-1). The response to potassium chloride (3.34 X 10(-2) mol litre-1) was unaltered by disopyramide (1 X 10(-6)--3 X 10(-4) mol litre-1). Disopyramide produced a dose-related ganglionic blockade at concentrations greater than 2 X 10(-5) mol litre-1. Complete blockade to ganglionic transmission occurred at 3 X 10(-4) mol litre-1 disopyramide.

Effect of ketamine on transmission in sympathetic ganglia.

The effect of ketamine on sympathetic ganglion transmission has been studied using the guineapig isolated hypogastric nerve-vas deferens preparation. Ketamine produced a dose-dependent depression in the response to preganglionic stimulation (IC50 2.05 X 10--4 mol litre--1). No change in the response to postganglionic stimulation was recorded. The anti-cholinergic activity of ketamine was confirmed using the frog isolated rectus abdominis.