Influence of adding strain-counterstrain to standard therapy on axioscapular muscles amplitude and fatigue in mechanical neck pain: a single-blind, randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Strain-counterstrain technique (SCS) or positional release therapy is strongly recommended for patients with mechanical neck pain (MNP) because this method has excellent benefits, but the clinical significance of this method is unclear. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of adding the SCS technique to standard therapy on pain, pressure pain threshold, disability according to Neck Disability Index (NDI), and electrophysiological characteristics (amplitude and fatigue) of the upper part of trapezius in the axioscapular muscles of patients with mechanical neck pain. DESIGN: Single-blind, randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. POPULATION: Sixty patients (19-38 years old) with mechanical neck pain participated in this study and were recruited from the outpatient clinic at the faculty of physical therapy after a referral from an orthopedist. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned by opaque sealed envelope to two treatment groups: group A received SCS, standard therapy in form of active range of motion, stretching exercises, and postural correction exercises (PCES), whereas group B, received standard therapy only; therapeutic sessions were performed three times/week for 4 weeks. The visual analogue scale, pressure pain threshold, NDI, upper trapezius median frequency, and root mean square were used to evaluate the patients' pretreatment and post-treatment status. RESULTS: Multiple pairwise comparisons within each group revealed statistically significant differences in all outcome variables with favor to the SCS group. CONCLUSIONS: The Strain-counterstrain technique combined with traditional standard therapy is an effective method more than traditional standard therapy alone for the management of patients with MNP. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: The present study has implications, especially for clinical decision-making about therapy of choice in MNP to reduce pain, improve function as measured through SCS technique and its impact on normal lifestyle, and to highlight the need for active intervention.

Impact of adding scapular stabilization to postural correctional exercises on symptomatic forward head posture: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: One of the most overspread postural abnormalities is forward head posture (FHP) and it is described as head projection anteriorly in relation to the trunk which appears mainly in sagittal plane. Scapular stabilization exercise (SSE) is capable of restoring each of thoracic cage and head neutral optimum position by neck and shoulder muscles interactions and through controlling scapular position and movement. AIM: This study was conducted to investigate the impact of adding scapular stabilization (SSE) to postural correctional exercises (PCE) on symptomatic FHP. DESIGN: The pre-post single-masking (assessor) randomized experimental trial. SETTING: Participants with postural dysfunction in form of FHP admitted to outer clinic of the Faculty of Physical Therapy. POPULATION: Sixty participants (20 to 35 years) with symptomatic FHP and recruited from outer clinic at faculty of physical therapy. METHODS: Participants were allocated randomly by opaque sealed envelope to two groups who are referred from an orthopedist: Group "A" received SSE and postural correction exercises, whereas Group "B" received only postural correctional exercises; treatments were performed three times/week for 10 weeks. The craniovertebral angle, pressure pain threshold, cervical flexor and extensor muscles endurance, Arabic neck disability index, upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle root mean square during rest and activity were used to evaluate the patients' pretreatment and post-treatment. RESULTS: Within group analysis for sixty participants reported statistical significant difference between baseline and post-treatment as P value <0.05 with more refinement in stabilization exercise group. CONCLUSIONS: Adding SSEs to PCEs is more effective method than PCEs seldom for the management of FHP patients. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Both scapular stabilization and postural correction exercise increase craniovertebral angle and pressure pain threshold (PPT) and decrease muscle activity and disability. Scapular stabilization alone increase craniovertebral angle and PPT and decrease muscle activity and disability more than postural correction exercise. In addition of statistical significant difference in all variables but there were clinical change in disability only.

Determining correlations between hand grip strength and anthropometric measurements in preschool children.

PURPOSE: We aimed to assess normal values of hand grip strength in preschool children and to determine their correlations with anthropometric measurements. METHODS: According to (Indira and Rajeswari, 2015) a pilot study was performed before the current study in order to confirm the variation in values of grip strength in age ranged from 3-6 years old. Therefore, ten children from each age group was assigned and it showed a significant changes in the measurements of grip strength corresponding to the age. Thus, it was important to assign them to three groups based on age so the first group from 3 to 4 years old, the second group from 4 to 5 years old, the third group from 5 to 6 years old. RESULTS: The study included 636 normal preschool-age children. Grip strengths with the dominant hand were 26.87 ± 6.77 kPa, 29.78 ± 8.43 kPa, and 38.04 ± 8.55 kPa in the 3-4, 4-5, and 5-6 years age groups, respectively. With the non-dominant hand, grip strengths were 25.03 ± 7.19 kPa, 28.13 ± 8.43 kPa, and 33.74 ± 8.14 kPa, respectively. In the 3-4 years group, there were negative significant correlations between grip strength of the dominant hand and forearm circumference (FC) or hand circumference (HC). However, we found a positive non-significant correlation with hand length (HL). Grip strength of the non-dominant hand showed a negative significant correlation with FC, a positive non-significant correlation with HC, and a positive significant correlation with HL. Grip strength of both dominant and non-dominant hands in the 4-5 years group showed moderately positive significant correlations with all anthropometric measurements. Grip strength of both dominant and non-dominant hands in the 5-6 years group showed weak positive significant correlations with FC and moderate positive significant correlations with HC and HL. CONCLUSION: This study established normal values of grip strength and demonstrated positive significant correlations between grip strength and FC, HC, and HL with increasing age in preschool children.