Orthodontic traction of impacted upper central incisors related to mesiodens / Tracionamento ortodôntico de incisivos centrais superiores impactados associados à presença de mesiodens

Although maxillary central incisors impaction is not a high frequent clinical condition, it is responsible for some undesirable aspects of patients smile from esthetic and functional points of view. There are some etiologic factors associated to this dental disturbance but the scientific literature is consensual on determining the importance of the early diagnosis and proper intervention. This manuscript consists on the case report of a 10 years old boy with Class I malocclusion, who showed during the mixed dentition phase, impaction of maxillary central incisors related to deciduous teeth retention and due to the presence of 2 mesiodens. The treatment proposed involved the surgical removal of the mesiodens, bonding of orthodontic accessories to the impacted incisors crowns followed by orthodontic traction with a removable orthodontic appliance. Regardless the development stage of the dentition was not ideal for this intervention, once the diagnosis should have been done as earlier as possible, favorable esthetic and functional results were attained.

A impacção de incisivos centrais superiores é uma condição clínica que embora não seja muito frequente, é um fator desagradável do ponto de vista estético e funcional. Existem diversas causas dessa alteração e a literatura é consensual quanto à necessidade da realização do diagnóstico e da intervenção o mais precocemente possível. Este trabalho traz o relato de um caso clínico de um paciente com 10 anos de idade, na fase da dentição mista, com má oclusão de Classe I, impacção de incisivos centrais superiores associado à retenção prolongada dos decíduos e a presença de dois supra-numerários na linha média. A conduta proposta foi à remoção cirúrgica dos mesiodens, colagem de dispositivos ortodônticos nos incisivos centrais impactados e, tracionamento ortodôntico com aparelho removível. Desta forma, embora a época de tratamento não fosse a ideal, pois o diagnóstico deveria ter sido estabelecido o mais precocemente possível, alcançou-se um resultado estético e funcional favorável.

In vitro study of color stability of polycrystalline and monocrystalline ceramic brackets.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze color stability of monocrystalline and polycrystalline ceramic brackets after immersion in dye solutions. METHODS: Seven ceramic brackets of four commercial brands were tested: Two monocrystalline and two polycrystalline. The brackets were immersed in four dye solutions (coffee, red wine, Coke and black tea) and in artificial saliva for the following times: 24 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. Color changes were measured by a spectrophotometer. Data were assessed by Multivariate Profile Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multiple Comparison Tests of means. RESULTS: There was a perceptible change of color in all ceramic brackets immersed in coffee (ΔE* Allure = 7.61, Inspire Ice = 6.09, Radiance = 6.69, Transcend = 7.44), black tea (ΔE* Allure = 6.24, Inspire Ice = 5.21, Radiance = 6.51, Transcend = 6.14) and red wine (ΔE* Allure = 6.49, Inspire Ice = 4.76, Radiance = 5.19, Transcend = 5.64), but no change was noticed in Coke and artificial saliva (ΔE < 3.7). CONCLUSION: Ceramic brackets undergo color change when exposed to solutions of coffee, black tea and red wine. However, the same crystalline structure, either monocrystalline or polycrystalline, do not follow the same or a similar pattern in color change, varying according to the bracket fabrication, which shows a lack of standardization in the manufacturing process. Coffee dye produced the most marked color changes after 21 days of immersion for most ceramic brackets evaluated.

In vitro study of color stability of polycrystalline and monocrystalline ceramic brackets

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze color stability of monocrystalline and polycrystalline ceramic brackets after immersion in dye solutions. METHODS: Seven ceramic brackets of four commercial brands were tested: Two monocrystalline and two polycrystalline. The brackets were immersed in four dye solutions (coffee, red wine, Coke and black tea) and in artificial saliva for the following times: 24 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. Color changes were measured by a spectrophotometer. Data were assessed by Multivariate Profile Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multiple Comparison Tests of means. RESULTS: There was a perceptible change of color in all ceramic brackets immersed in coffee (ΔE* Allure = 7.61, Inspire Ice = 6.09, Radiance = 6.69, Transcend = 7.44), black tea (ΔE* Allure = 6.24, Inspire Ice = 5.21, Radiance = 6.51, Transcend = 6.14) and red wine (ΔE* Allure = 6.49, Inspire Ice = 4.76, Radiance = 5.19, Transcend = 5.64), but no change was noticed in Coke and artificial saliva (ΔE < 3.7). CONCLUSION: Ceramic brackets undergo color change when exposed to solutions of coffee, black tea and red wine. However, the same crystalline structure, either monocrystalline or polycrystalline, do not follow the same or a similar pattern in color change, varying according to the bracket fabrication, which shows a lack of standardization in the manufacturing process. Coffee dye produced the most marked color changes after 21 days of immersion for most ceramic brackets evaluated. .

OBJETIVO: esse estudo objetivou analisar, in vitro, a estabilidade de cor de braquetes cerâmicos monocristalinos e policristalinos após imersão em soluções corantes. MÉTODOS: sete braquetes cerâmicos de incisivo central superior direito, de quatro marcas comerciais, foram testados: dois monocristalinos e dois policristalinos. Os braquetes foram imersos em quatro soluções corantes (café, vinho tinto, Coca-Cola e chá preto) e em saliva artificial, separadamente, nos seguintes tempos: 24 horas, 7, 14 e 21 dias. As alterações de cor foram mensuradas por espectrofotômetro de refletância. Os dados foram avaliados pela Análise de Perfis Multivariados, Análise de Variância e teste de comparação múltipla de médias. RESULTADOS: houve alteração perceptível de cor em todos os braquetes cerâmicos após 21 dias de imersão nas soluções de café (ΔE* Allure = 7,61; Inspire Ice = 6,09; Radiance = 6,69; Transcend = 7,44), chá preto (ΔE* Allure = 6,24; Inspire Ice = 5,21; Radiance = 6,51; Transcend = 6,14) e vinho tinto (ΔE* Allure = 6,49; Inspire Ice = 4,76; Radiance = 5,19; Transcend = 5,64), porém, a alteração não foi perceptível para a Coca-Cola e saliva artificial (ΔE* < 3,7). CONCLUSÃO: braquetes cerâmicos sofrem alteração de cor quando em contato com café, chá preto e vinho tinto. No entanto, os braquetes de mesma constituição cristalina, sejam monocristalinos ou policristalinos, não seguem um padrão semelhante de alteração de cor, mas variam de acordo com o fabricante, o que mostra uma falta de padronização no processo de produção desses braquetes. O café foi a solução corante que mais produziu alteração de cor após 21 dias ...

Histological analysis of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone during dental movement in diabetic rats subjected to low-level laser therapy.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the histological changes of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone during dental movement in diabetic rats subjected to low level laser therapy (LLLT). METHODS: The movement of the upper molar was performed in 60 male Wistar rats divided into four groups (n=15): CTR (control), DBT (diabetic), CTR/LT (irradiated control) and DBT/LT (irradiated diabetic). Diabetes was induced with alloxan (150 mg/kg, i.p.). LLLT was applied with GaAlAs laser at 780 nm (35 J/cm(2)). After 7, 13 and 19 days, the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were histologically analyzed. RESULTS: The mean of osteoblasts (p<0.01) and blood vessels (p<0.05) were significantly decreased in DBT compared with CTR at 7 days, whereas the mean of osteoclasts was lower at 7 (p<0.001) and 13 days (p<0.05). In DBT/LT, only the mean of osteoclasts was lower than in CTR (p<0.05) at 7 days, but no difference was observed at 13 and 19 days (p>0.05). The collagenization of the periodontal ligament was impaired in DBT, whereas DBT/LLT showed density/disposition of the collagen fibers similar to those observed in CTR. CONCLUSIONS: LLLT improved the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone remodeling activity in diabetic rats during dental movement.

Efeito da escovação dentária no manchamento de braquetes estéticos cerâmicos / Effect of brushing on color stability of ceramic brackets

Avaliar, in vitro, o efeito da escovação no manchamento de braquetes cerâmicos quando imersos em soluções corantes. Material e Métodos: sete braquetes cerâmicos de incisivo central superior direito de quatro marcas comerciais foram testados: dois monocristalinos e dois policristalinos. Os braquetes foram imersos por 21 dias em soluções de café, vinho tinto, Coca-Cola, chá preto e em saliva artificial. A mensuração da cor inicial e após 21 dias foi realizada por espectrofotômetro de reflectância de acordo com o sistema CIE L*a*b*, e a mudança de cor (∆E*) foi calculada. Outro grupo foi constituído por uma amostra de sete braquetes de cada marca comercial, que foram imersos nas mesmas soluções e no tempo igual ao anterior, porém, com intervalos diários de escovação realizados pela máquina de escovação Mavtec. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados pela análise de variância (Anova), teste de comparação múltipla de médias e teste t de Student. Resultados: as médias do ∆E* do grupo de braquetes sem escovação variaram de 0,46 a 7,61, enquanto que no grupo com escovação essas médias variaram de 0,36 a 2,50, exceto para o Radiance quando imerso no café, e para o chá preto em todos os braquetes, onde o manchamento ainda permaneceu perceptível (∆E* > 3,7). Conclusão: a escovação diária ajudou significativamente na estabilidade de cor dos braquetes cerâmicos, reduzindo a alteração de cor a níveis considerados não visíveis a olho humano, exceto para a solução de chá preto, cujo manchamento permaneceu relevante...

This study aimed to analyze the in vitro effect of brushing on the color stability of ceramic brackets immersed in dye solutions. Materials and Methods: seven ceramic brackets of four commercial brands were tested: two monocrystalline and two polycrystalline. The parameters of color were obtained by spectrophotometer before and after 21 days of immersion of the brackets in coffee, red wine, Coca-Cola, black tea and artificial saliva. Another group of brackets of each brand were also immersed in the same solutions and for an equal time to the previous group, but with intervals of daily brushing performed by a toothbrushing machine (Mavtec). The data were evaluated by analysis of variance, multiple comparison tests for means and Student's t-test. Results: the mean color change of the brackets without brushing ranged from 0.46 to 7.61, while in the group with brushing these means ranged from 0.36 to 2.50. The staining still remained noticeable (change of color greater than 3.7) for all brackets when immersed in black tea. Conclusion: daily brushing helped significantly in the color stability of ceramic brackets, maintaining the color change to levels considered not visible to the human eye, except for the solution of black tea in which the staining remained relevant...

Evaluation of low-level laser therapy effectiveness on the pain and masticatory performance of patients with myofascial pain.

This study investigated the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the masticatory performance (MP), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and pain intensity in patients with myofascial pain. Twenty-one subjects, with myofascial pain according to Research Diagnostic Criteria/temporomandibular dysfunction, were divided into laser group (n = 12) and placebo group (n = 9) to receive laser therapy (active or placebo) two times per week for 4 weeks. The measured variables were: (1) MP by analysis of the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the chewed particles using Optocal test material, (2) PPT by a pressure algometer, and (3) pain intensity by the visual analog scale (VAS). Measurements of MP and PPT were obtained at three time points: baseline, at the end of treatment with low-level laser and 30 days after (follow-up). VAS was measured at the same times as above and weekly throughout the laser therapy. The Friedman test was used at a significance level of 5% for data analysis. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Sergipe (CAAE: 0025.0.107.000-10). A reduction in the GMD of crushed particles (p < 0.01) and an increase in PPT (p < 0.05) were seen only in the laser group when comparing the baseline and end-of-treatment values. Both groups showed a decrease in pain intensity at the end of treatment. LLLT promoted an improvement in MP and PPT of the masticatory muscles.

Procedures adopted by orthodontists for space closure and anchorage control.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the procedures adopted by Brazilian orthodontists in the following situations: extraction space closure, anchorage control in case of necessary anchorage for group A and frequency of skeletal anchorage use, especially in the upper jaw. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to the e-mail address of all dentists registered in the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry. RESULTS: The results showed that most Brazilian orthodontists usually perform extraction space closure by means of sliding mechanics. The use of palatal bar, inclusion of second molars in the archwire and space closure performed in two phases are the most used techniques for anchorage control in the upper jaw. The skeletal anchorage is referenced by 36.5% of specialists as a routine practice for the upper arch anchorage. CONCLUSIONS: There is a wide variety of procedures adopted by Brazilian orthodontists for orthodontic space closure and anchorage control.

Procedures adopted by orthodontists for space closure and anchorage control

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the procedures adopted by Brazilian orthodontists in the following situations: extraction space closure, anchorage control in case of necessary anchorage for group A and frequency of skeletal anchorage use, especially in the upper jaw. METHOD: A questionnaire was sent to the e-mail address of all dentists registered in the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry. RESULTS: The results showed that most Brazilian orthodontists usually perform extraction space closure by means of sliding mechanics. The use of palatal bar, inclusion of second molars in the archwire and space closure performed in two phases are the most used techniques for anchorage control in the upper jaw. The skeletal anchorage is referenced by 36.5% of specialists as a routine practice for the upper jaw anchorage. CONCLUSIONS: There is a wide variety of procedures adopted by Brazilian orthodontists for orthodontic space closure and anchorage control.

OBJETIVO: esse trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar as condutas adotadas pelos ortodontistas brasileiros para o fechamento ortodôntico de espaços de extrações, controle de ancoragem em caso de necessidade de ancoragem do grupo A, e frequência de uso de ancoragem esquelética nesses casos, especialmente na arcada superior. MÉTODOS: um questionário foi enviado para o endereço eletrônico de todos os ortodontistas inscritos no Conselho Federal de Odontologia. RESULTADOS: os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos ortodontistas brasileiros usualmente faz fechamento de espaço de extrações com mecânicas de deslizamento. O uso de barra palatina, incorporação de segundos molares no arco e fechamento de espaço em duas fases são as condutas mais utilizadas para controle de ancoragem na arcada superior. A ancoragem esquelética é referenciada por 36,5% dos especialistas como forma rotineira de ancoragem na arcada superior. CONCLUSÕES: existe uma grande variedade de condutas adotas por ortodontistas brasileiros tanto para o fechamento ortodôntico de espaço quanto para o controle de ancoragem em casos de maior necessidade de retração anterior.

Transverse maxillary and mandibular growth during and after bionator therapy: study with metallic implants.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated posteroanterior cephalograms before and after treatment and long term follow-up of Class II division 1 patients treated with bionator. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to demonstrate the transverse growth of maxilla and mandible during and after bionator therapy. METHODS: Measurement of transverse dimensions between posterior maxillary and mandibular implants, as well as the distances between the buccal, gonial and antegonial points were recorded. Measurements were analyzed at three periods: T1 - before bionator therapy, T2 - after bionator therapy and T3 - 5.74 years after T2. RESULTS: There was statistically significant transverse increase due to growth and/or treatment for all variables, except for the distance between the anterior maxillary implants. CONCLUSIONS: During the study period only the anterior maxillary area did not show transverse growth.

Transverse maxillary and mandibular growth during and after Bionator therapy: study with metallic implants

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated posteroanterior cephalograms before and after treatment and long term follow-up of Class II division 1 patients treated with bionator. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to demonstrate the transverse growth of maxilla and mandible during and after bionator therapy. METHODS: Measurement of transverse dimensions between posterior maxillary and mandibular implants, as well as the distances between the buccal, gonial and antegonial points were recorded. Measurements were analyzed at three periods: T1 = before bionator therapy, T2 = after bionator therapy and T3 = 5.74 years after T2. RESULTS: There was statistically significant transverse increase due to growth and/or treatment for all variables, except for the distance between the anterior maxillary implants. CONCLUSIONS: During the study period only the anterior maxillary area did not show transverse growth.

INTRODUÇÃO: esse estudo envolve a avaliação de telerradiografias posteroanteriores pré- e pós-tratamento com Bionator, bem como, em longo prazo, de pacientes Classe II divisão 1. OBJETIVO: o objetivo desse trabalho é demonstrar o crescimento transversal da maxila e mandíbula durante e após o uso do Bionator. MÉTODOS: as mensurações das distâncias transversais entre os implantes posteriores da maxila e mandíbula, bem como as das distâncias entre os pontos jugal, gônio e antigônio, foram tomadas em três tempos: T1, antes da terapia com Bionator; T2, após a terapia como Bionator; e T3, 5,74 anos após T2. RESULTADOS: ocorreu aumento transversal estatisticamente significativo por crescimento e/ou por tratamento em todas as variáveis estudadas, com exceção da distância entre os implantes anteriores da maxila. CONCLUSÕES: durante o período do estudo, somente a região anterior da maxila não apresentou crescimento transversal.

Effect of low-level laser therapy on pain levels in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by the presence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and/or masticatory muscle pain and dysfunction. Low-level laser is presented as an adjuvant therapeutic modality for the treatment of TMD, especially when the presence of inflammatory pain is suspected. Objective: To systematically review studies that investigated the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the pain levels in individuals with TMD. Material and Methods: The databases Scopus, embase, ebsco and PubMed were reviewed from January/2003 to October/2010 with the following keywords: laser therapy, low-level laser therapy, temporomandibular joint disorders, temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome, temporomandibular joint, temporomandibular, facial pain and arthralgia, with the inclusion criteria for intervention studies in humans. exclusion criteria adopted were intervention studies in animals, studies that were not written in english, Spanish or Portuguese, theses, monographs, and abstracts presented in scientific events. Results: After a careful review, 14 studies fit the criteria for inclusion, of which, 12 used a placebo group. As for the protocol for laser application, the energy density used ranged from 0.9 to 105 J/cm², while the power density ranged from 9.8 to 500 mW. The number of sessions varied from 1 to 20 and the frequency of applications ranged from daily for 10 days to 1 time per week for 4 weeks. A reduction in pain levels was reported in 13 studies, with 9 of these occurring only in the experimental group, and 4 studies reporting pain relief for both the experimental group and for the placebo. Conclusion: Most papers showed that LLLT seemed to be effective in reducing pain from TMD. However, the heterogeneity of the standardization regarding the parameters of laser calls for caution in interpretation of these results. Thus, it is necessary to conduct further research in order to obtain a consensus regarding the best application protocol for pain relief in patients with TMD.

Effect of low-level laser therapy on pain levels in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review.

UNLABELLED: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by the presence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and/or masticatory muscle pain and dysfunction. Low-level laser is presented as an adjuvant therapeutic modality for the treatment of TMD, especially when the presence of inflammatory pain is suspected. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review studies that investigated the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the pain levels in individuals with TMD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The databases Scopus, embase, ebsco and PubMed were reviewed from January/2003 to October/2010 with the following keywords: laser therapy, low-level laser therapy, temporomandibular joint disorders, temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome, temporomandibular joint, temporomandibular, facial pain and arthralgia, with the inclusion criteria for intervention studies in humans. exclusion criteria adopted were intervention studies in animals, studies that were not written in english, Spanish or Portuguese, theses, monographs, and abstracts presented in scientific events. RESULTS: After a careful review, 14 studies fit the criteria for inclusion, of which, 12 used a placebo group. As for the protocol for laser application, the energy density used ranged from 0.9 to 105 J/cm², while the power density ranged from 9.8 to 500 mW. The number of sessions varied from 1 to 20 and the frequency of applications ranged from daily for 10 days to 1 time per week for 4 weeks. A reduction in pain levels was reported in 13 studies, with 9 of these occurring only in the experimental group, and 4 studies reporting pain relief for both the experimental group and for the placebo. CONCLUSION: Most papers showed that LLLT seemed to be effective in reducing pain from TMD. However, the heterogeneity of the standardization regarding the parameters of laser calls for caution in interpretation of these results. Thus, it is necessary to conduct further research in order to obtain a consensus regarding the best application protocol for pain relief in patients with TMD.

Photoelastic analysis of forces generated by T-loop springs made with stainless steel or titanium-molybdenum alloy.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to use photoelastic analysis to compare the system of forces generated by retraction T-loop springs made with stainless steel and titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA) (Ormco, Glendora, Calif) with photoelastic analysis. METHODS: Three photoelastic models were used to evaluate retraction T-loop springs with the same preactivations in 2 groups. In group 1, the loop was constructed with a stainless steel wire, and 2 helicoids were incorporated on top of the T-loop; in group 2, it was made with TMA and no helicoids. RESULTS: Upon using the qualitative analysis of the fringe order in the photoelastic model, it was observed that the magnitude of force generated by the springs in group 1 was significantly higher than that in group 2. However, both had symmetry for the active and reactive units related to the system of force. CONCLUSIONS: Both springs had the same mechanical characteristics. TMA springs showed lower force levels.

Accidental swallowing of orthodontic expansion appliance key.

Ingestion of a foreign object, including a dental object, can lead to a trip to the emergency room. This article describes the accidental swallowing of a key that was used to activate a rapid maxillary expander. An orthodontic patient swallowed the key while trying to activate the appliance at home. The object's trajectory was followed on radiographs until it was eliminated. Possible clinical complications, legal implications of this situation, and practices for prevention are described.

Avaliação qualitativa em modelo experimental fotoelástico do sistema de força gerado pela mola "T" centralizada com pré-ativações preconizadas por Burstone / Qualitative evaluation in photoelastic experimental models of the force system generated by T-springs placed in the center of the interbracket space with pre-activations advocated by Burstone

OBJETIVO: avaliar o sistema de forças gerado pela mola T centralizada no espaço interbraquete, com pré-ativação preconizada por Burstone. MÉTODOS: utilizando-se modelos fotoelásticos, a mola T com pré-ativações preconizadas por Burstone, confeccionada com fio retangular de titânio-molibdênio (TMA) de secção 0,017"x 0,025", centralizada e com ativação de 6mm, 3mm e em posição neutra. Para melhor confiabilidade dos resultados, os testes foram repetidos em três modelos igualmente duplicados e confeccionados pelo mesmo operador. Utilizou-se uma distância interbraquetes de 27mm. Para compreensão dos resultados, as franjas foram visualizadas através do polariscópio, fotografadas e analisadas qualitativamente. RESULTADOS: por meio da análise qualitativa da ordem de franjas no modelo fotoelástico, notou-se que, nas extremidades de retração e ancoragem, ambas apresentaram simetria no sistema de força, em toda extensão radicular.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the force system generated by T-springs placed in the center of the interbracket space using the pre-activations advocated by Burstone. METHODS: Photoelastic models were used to assess T-springs fabricated with 0.017x0.025-in rectangular titanium-molybdenum alloy wire (TMA), centrally positioned, with 6.0 mm activation, 3 mm activation, and in neutral position. To ensure reliable results, tests were repeated on three photoelastic models equally duplicated and fabricated by the same operator. An interbracket distance of 27.0 mm was used. For a better understanding of the results, the fringes were viewed in a polariscope, then photographed and qualitatively analyzed. RESULTS: Through qualitative analysis of the fringe order in the photoelastic model it was noted that both the retraction and anchorage ends displayed force system symmetry across the full extent of the root.

Maxillary ulceration resulting from using a rapid maxillary expander in a diabetic patient.

One of the characteristics of diabetes mellitus is the exaggerated inflammatory response. The present report shows the reaction from the use of a rapid maxillary expander in a diabetic patient. A 9-year-old child presented an uncommon reaction to the treatment with a rapid maxillary expander, and on follow-up examination, it was discovered that the patient had diabetes mellitus. After controlling the disease, the proposed treatment was used without further incidents. The case calls attention to the presence of uncommon responses to treatment and the need for the orthodontist to suspect a patient's systemic compromise.

Estudo qualitativo fotoelástico do sistema de forças gerado pela mola "T" de retração com diferentes pré-ativações / Qualitative photoelastic study of the force system produced by retraction T-springs with different preactivations

OBJETIVO: avaliar o sistema de forças gerado pela mola T utilizada para fechamento de espaços. MÉTODOS: por meio do método experimental fotoelástico, avaliou-se a mola T utilizada no fechamento de espaços com duas variações de pré-ativação em sua porção apical, sendo uma com 30º e a outra com 45º. As molas foram confeccionadas com fio retangular de titânio-molibdênio (TMA) de secção 0,017" x 0,025", centralizadas no espaço interbraquetes de 27mm e ativadas em 5,0mm, 2,5mm e posição neutra. Para melhor confiabilidade dos resultados, os testes foram repetidos em três modelos fotoelásticos igualmente reproduzidos e confeccionados pelo mesmo operador. Para compreensão dos resultados, as franjas fotoelásticas visualizadas no polariscópio foram fotografadas e analisadas qualitativamente. RESULTADOS: por meio da análise qualitativa da ordem de franjas no modelo fotoelástico, notou-se que, nas extremidades de retração e ancoragem, a mola T com 30º de ativação apical apresentou um acúmulo de energia discretamente maior para o sistema de forças liberado.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the force system produced by the T-spring used for space closure. METHODS: By means of the experimental photoelastic method, we evaluated the T-spring-used for space closure-with two different preactivations on its apical portion, i.e., one with 30º and one with 45º. The springs were fabricated with rectangular 0.017 X 0.025-in titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA), centered in a 27.0 mm interbracket space and activated at 5.0 mm and 2.5 mm, and in a neutral position. For more reliable results, tests were repeated on three photoelastic models duplicated and prepared by the same operator. To better understand the results, the fringes seen in the polariscope were photographed and analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS: Through qualitative analysis of the fringe order in the photoelastic model it was noted that at the retraction and anchoring ends the T-spring with 30º apical activation showed a slightly greater accumulation of energy relative to the force system that was generated.

Otimização do tracionamento de canino impactado pela técnica do arco segmentado: relato de caso clínico / Impacted canine treatment through orthodontic traction using segmented arch technique: case report

A impactação de caninos superiores permanentes tem sido apontada como a segunda mais frequente, criando problemas estéticos e funcionais de grande relevância. Diversas estratégias de tratamento são citadas na literatura, variando desde a exodontia dos caninos decíduos até a exposição cirúrgica seguida de tracionamento ortodôntico, o que requer uma abordagem interdisciplinar. O objetivo do presente artigo é esclarecer aspectos importantes acerca da impacção de caninos superiores e ressaltar a possibilidade do tratamento utilizando a técnica do arco segmentado.

Estágio atual sobre o conhecimento da agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores permanentes / Current stage of knowledge of agensis of upper lateral incisors permanent

A agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores permanentes é uma anomalia frequente, que pode acarretar alterações oclusais, estéticas e funcionais. As duas alternativas de tratamento comumente utilizadas são o fechamento do espaço ortodôntico e a abertura oumanutenção deste, sendo a primeira delas a de maior relevância.

Congenittally absent maxillary lateral incisors is a common anomally andfrequently introduces an imbalance in occlusion, aesthetics andfunctional factors. Purposes of treatment are the possibility of orthodontic space closure or a space opening, as an alternativeapproach, the first one is the more relevance.

Máscara facial versus aparelho Skyhook: revisão de literatura e relato de casos clínicos / Facial mark versus Skyhook appliance: literaturw review and cases report

Nos diversos tipos de má-oclusão, podemos ter desvios dentários, esqueléticos ou uma combinação entre eles. Os indivíduos Classe III freqüentemente podem apresentar retrusão maxilar esquelética, protrusão mandibular esquelética ou uma combinação de ambas associada a uma atresia maxilar, o que é manifestado por uma mordida cruzada anterior, posterior, uni ou bilateral. Otratamento ortodôntico precoce tem sido indicado com maior freqüência, com o objetivo de eliminar esses fatores etiológicos primários e evitar que uma má-oclusão já instalada torne-se grave. Porém, como o desenvolvimento facial e dentário ainda continuam na infância e na adolescência, o impacto do tratamento precoce a longo prazo não pode ser previsto com clareza, maspode auxiliar o desenvolvimento de uma oclusão normal e uma boa harmonia facial. Dessa forma, a expansão maxilar associada a terapia de protração maxilar com máscara facial ou aparelho Skyhook, utilizados nas más-oclusões Classe III de Angle, na fase de dentadura decídua e mista, têm sido empregadas com muito sucesso nos últimos anos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma revisão de literatura e apresentar dois casos clínicos, nos quais estas filosofias de tratamento foram aplicadas.

In some kinds of malocclusion, we have dental problems, skeletal problems or both. Class III patient’s usually can presents maxillary skeletal retrusion, mandibular skeletal protrusion, or both associate the maxillary atresic, which appear through anterior crossbite, posterior; uni or bilateral. The early orthodontic treatment have been indicated more usually to eliminate this primary etiologic fators and avoid the present malocclusion become severe. However; as the development facial and dental still continues at childhood andadolescence the impacted, for a long time, on early treatment can 't be previous, but can help the normal occlusion development and good facial harmony. Therefore, maxillary expansion associate the maxillary protraction through facial mask or Skyhook appliance, used in Angle’s Class III malocclusion, in deciduos and mixed phase have been a success on the lasts years. The aim of this work is make a literature review and presents two clinical cases with this appliance.