High frequency of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella and Escherichia coli causing diarrheal diseases at the Yirimadio community health facility, Mali.

BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea is a public health problem, especially in developing countries where it is the second leading cause of child mortality. In Low Income Countries like in Mali, self-medication and inappropriate use of antibiotics due to the scarcity of complementary diagnostic systems can lead to the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria causing diarrhoea. The objective of this work was to determine the microorganisms responsible for diarrhoea in children under 15 years of age and to characterize their sensitivity to a panel of antibiotics used in a peri-urban community in Mali. The study involved outpatient children visiting the Yirimadio Community Health Centre and diagnosed with diarrhoea. Stool samples from those patients were collected and analysed by conventional stools culture and the susceptibility to antibiotics of detected bacteria was determined by the disc diffusion method in an agar medium. RESULT: Overall, 554 patients were included. Children under the age of 3 years accounted for 88.8% (492 of 554) of our study population. Two bacterial species were isolated in this study, Escherichia coli 31.8% (176 of 554) and Salmonella 2.9% (16 of 554). In the 176, E. coli strains resistance to amoxicillin and to cotrimoxazole was seen in 93.8% (165 of 176) and 92.6% ( 163 of 176), respectively. The ESBL resistance phenotype accounted for 39,8% (70 of 176) of E. coli. Sixteen (16) strains of Salmonella were found, of which one strain (6.3%) was resistant to amoxicillin and to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. Another one was resistant to chloramphenicol (6.3%). Two strains of Salmonella were resistant to cotrimoxazole (12.5%) and two others were resistant to cefoxitin (12.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that E. coli is frequently involved in diarrhoea in children under 3 years of age in this peri-urban setting of Bamako, Mali, with a high rate of resistance to amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole, the most widely used antibiotics in the management of diarrhoea in this setting.

Aspects scanographiques des traumatismes du rachis

Objectifs : Etablir le profil épidémiologique des patients et répertorier les lésions retrouvées à la tomodensitométrie.Méthodes : Etude prospective descriptive sur une période de douze mois (de février 2015 à janvier 2016), portant sur des patients ayant bénéficiés d'une exploration tomodensitométrique pour traumatisme rachidien. Résultats : les traumatismes du rachis représentait 3,7% (n=100/2676) de l'ensemble des examens scanographiques effectués durant la période d'étude. Il y avait 83 % (n=83) d'hommes (sex-ratio de 4,88). La tranche d'âge 16 - 30 ans était la plus touchée avec 55% (n=55). Les accidents de la voie publique (AVP) représentaient 75% (n=75) des étiologies suivis de la chute de hauteur avec 16%(n=16). Les troubles neurologiques étaient le motif de réalisation de l'examen TDM dans 60%(n=60). Les atteintes rachidiennes étaient reparties comme suite : rachis cervical 43%(n=43), charnière cervico-dorsale 2%(n=2), rachis dorsal 22%(n=22), charnière dorso-lombaire 7%(n=7), rachis lombosacré 26%(n=26). Les lésions instables représentaient 76%(n=76) et les lésions stables 24%(n=24). Les fractures vertébrales représentaient 52%(n=52) suivies par les fractures luxations 46%(n=46).Conclusion : Le scanner est l'examen fondamental à réaliser dans le bilan initial des traumatismes rachidiens afin de préciser le caractère stable ou instable des lésions